Colonoscopy procedure

Why do it?

The procedure of colonoscopy can have different purposes: as a diagnostic, and be an independent method of endoscopic treatment. The diagnostic goal includes chromosome colonoscopy, a visual assessment of the state of the intestinal mucosa, puncture of any suspicious areas and suspicious formations, as well as biopsy and endosonography. The independent method of endoscopic treatment includes tumorectomy, polypectomy, mucosectomy, as well as removal of foreign bodies, stopping any bleeding, colonic stenting, and others.

Colonoscopy procedure.

What is the procedure for conducting this type of examination and what is a colononoscope? Colonoscope is a device that looks like a thin, flexible, controlled probe. The length of the probe is from one and a half to two meters. There are two types of colononoscopes - a video colonoscope and a fibrocolononoscope. Fibrocolonoscope transfers the image from the source by means of an optical fiber. There is an error in the image and color that the doctor receives. Fibrocolonoscope does not have the function of magnification, as well as ultrasound scanning. Has only one working channel. There is a high probability of damage to the optical fiber. Considering all the shortcomings of the fibrocolonoscope, today more and more often doctors have started using video-colonoscopes.

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The video colonoscope is equipped with a micro-video camera at the end( distal part), which replaced the entire optical fiber. All information that is removed is transferred to the matrix. After digitization on the matrix, the information is transferred to the monitor. It is possible to connect to the video processor devices that can record all the necessary information - whether it's a printer, VCR or DVD player / recorder. Videocolonoscopes have two instrumental channels, rigidity, which can vary. It is possible to adjust the xenon illuminator, as well as a hundred and sixty fold increase, the possibility of using an ultrasonic scanner( or USS).The ultrasound scanner is important for the diagnosis of cancer.

If you have a broken stool( diarrhea or constipation), mucus or blood is removed from the rectum, you complain of bloating, abdominal pain, and there is an unmotivated rise in body temperature, fatigue or weakness - all this is an indication for a colonoscopy.

If you have a change in X-ray, ultrasound, CT, or capsule, if there are changes in blood tests( hemoglobin or ESR is decreased), latent blood was detected in the feces when laboratory analyzes were performed, or specific oncomarkers were increasedis an indication for a colonoscopy.

To exclude tumors of the colon with polyps in the stomach or rectum - you need to undergo colonoscopy. It is also performed before gynecological operations - tumors of the ovaries, uterus, endometriosis and others.

People who are at risk( annual planned follow-up) should also undergo an annual colonoscopy procedure. This group includes people who have ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease if they have had surgery for the colon( due to cancer) if they have previously been found or removed polyps of the large intestine, or if one of the relatives had polyps orSwelling of the colon.

How does the body react?

Most often, the colonoscopy is tolerated by patients more or less satisfactorily. Due to subjective and objective factors, comfort is provided or the patient's painful sensation is minimized.

The patient is informed in advance of the procedure beforehand how this procedure will occur. Immediately before the test, the patient takes antispasmodics and pain medications, which allows to relax the muscles of the intestinal wall. Thus, unpleasant sensations and possible complications are significantly reduced.

Before the colonoscopy procedure, the patient should remove all clothing below the waist. If desired, the patient can take advantage of special disposable linen. The apparatus will be conducted through the anus to the dome of the cecum. To facilitate the introduction and inflation of the gut, there will be a moderate supply of air. After the end of the colonoscopy procedure, the air from the bowel will be aspirated through a special canal. Thus, the patient gets rid of the feeling of swelling in the abdomen. During the procedure, the apparatus will be guided along the bends of the intestine. With the aid of special screws, the trajectory of the intestine will be repeated. The progress of the colonoscope is performed with the help of manual control of the apparatus through the anterior abdominal wall. During the advance, the doctor may ask the patient to turn over on his back, either the right or the left side. If the patient has adhesions in the abdominal cavity, painful sensations are possible. In order for them not to exist - before the procedure it is necessary to introduce antispasmodics. After the device has gone all the way "forward" - on the way back, it also continues to inspect.

All results of the study will be recorded by the doctor, both on paper and on electronic media.