Isoniazid Tablets: instructions for use, analogues and reviews

The medicinal anti-tuberculosis drug Isoniazid is widely used as the first-line therapeutic agent and also as a preventive tool for preventing the infection of tuberculosis by adults and children with the human immunodeficiency virus and persons in contact with patients.

content:

• Isoniazid: instructions for use
• Indications
• Reviews
• prevention of tuberculosis

Isoniazid: instructions for use

Synthetic drug Isoniazid, isonicotinic acid hydrazide, by pharmacological action is an antituberculous agent.According to the classification of the International Anti-Tuberculosis Union, it belongs to the category of the most effective medicines.

The mechanism of action is believed to be associated with the destruction of the structural integrity of the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a causative agent of tuberculosis, also known as Koch's stick.

The action of the drug is manifested as a metabolically active, out-of-cell mycobacteria, and on localized within the cell pathogens that multiply at a slower rate.

When used to treat isoniazid alone in mycobacteria, it is possible to form resistance to the drug.

Properties of Isoniazid:

• Good absorption in the gastrointestinal tract with a maximum concentration as early as 1-2 hours after ingestion.
• Penetration into the pleural, spinal and ascitic fluid in the abdominal cavity.
• Excretion in the form of metabolites mainly by the kidneys during the day.

Preparation Isoniazid is available in the form of tablets and powders( 100, 200, 300 mg), as a solution for intravenous and intramuscular injections, as a syrup.Release of the drug in the pharmacy - exclusively on prescription.

Taking medication: only after a meal, according to the dose prescribed by the doctor and the chosen treatment regimen, depending on the patient's category, form and stage of the disease.

Side effects:

• Disorders of the nervous system( both central and peripheral), manifested as muscle twitches, seizures, sensitivity disorders, intoxication psychosis.In epileptic patients, seizures may be provoked.Headache, irritability, sometimes dizziness, insomnia.
• Lesions of the gastrointestinal tract: both irritation of the mucous membranes and the formation of a toxic form of hepatitis.Nausea, vomiting, pain and diarrhea.
• Stimulation of the adrenal cortex and, as a result, the manifestation of gynecomastia, menstrual irregularities, uterine bleeding, increased blood sugar, increased blood pressure, angina.
• Allergic reactions in the form of itching, rash.

Interaction with other drugs for isoniazid is well studied, and manifested in slowing the metabolic rate of these drugs in the body and increasing toxic side effects.

When a doctor prescribes a drug, you should carefully read the instructions for its use.

Indications for use

Isoniazid tablets are indicated for use in the following cases:

• Patients with all forms of tuberculosis, with any localization of the pathogen.
• Patients after the course of treatment in case of detection of bacterial secretions, with recurrence of the disease.
• Patients who received a course of treatment without the expected effect and who have a positive result in sputum smear testing.
• Patients with a chronic form of tuberculosis - lifelong reception of the drug to reduce the risk of transmission of Isoniazid-resistant strains of the pathogen.
• Children under 4 years of age with a positive reaction to the Mantoux test.
• Adults and children older than 4 years with a positive reaction to the Mantoux test.
• Persons who underwent X-ray examination showing non-progressive tuberculosis.
• For prophylactic purposes - persons who have or have had contact with tuberculosis patients, HIV-infected patients.

Preparation Isoniazid is characterized by the ability to destroy a large number of actively multiplying pathogens and prevent the emergence of resistance to the drug.The administration of isoniazid from the selected complex treatment scheme is not canceled even in the case of resistance to the drug.

Contraindications to prescription of the drug should be taken into account: individual intolerance, epilepsy, cases of medicinal forms of hepatitis, atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, psoriasis, bronchial asthma.

Doctors say that to achieve positive effects in the treatment of tuberculosis Isoniazid should be borne in mind that it should be taken with extreme caution in pregnancy, during lactation, given to newborns.

A properly prescribed Isoniazid treatment regimen and clear compliance with all the physician's requirements contribute to recovery.

Reviews

According to the Classification of Drugs for the Treatment of Tuberculosis, Isoniazid Tablets are a medicine of high efficacy, of medium toxicity.

According to doctors, this tool has proved itself well for decades.

Important conditions for the successful use of the drug are:

• Continuity of treatment - with interruptions in the treatment of active forms of tuberculosis, the emergence of resistant forms of the pathogen.
• Duration of treatment - the course is determined depending on the form of the disease and the category to which the patient belongs.
• Individual approach to the patient - taking into account the individual patient's tolerance of the drug, age, the presence of concomitant diseases.
• Controlling the medication - either in the presence of personnel, or, in special cases, check the concentration of the drug in the urine.

The facts about the high effectiveness of the drug not only as a therapeutic agent, but also as a preventive measure for the prevention of tuberculosis in people with forced contacts with sick people, in various categories of people with weakened immune system, especially those susceptible to the disease, for example, HIV-infected.

There are negative reviews about the drug.Often, it is the feedback of people who did not take the medicine, but are frightened by the listed data on the side effects of the remedy in the instructions for use.

This is especially true of the reactions of parents of children who have been assigned isoniazid.

In these situations, it is advisable to weigh the risk of getting tuberculosis and take a whole complex of drugs, sometimes extremely toxic, for a long time, and sometimes for life, or under the supervision of a doctor to start taking the medicine for a preventive purpose with a carefully selected dose for a limited period.

Weighing the decision, starting treatment with a medicine or refusing to take it, you should take into account not only the reviews about the drug, but, first of all, receive the recommendations of medical specialists.

Prevention of tuberculosis

Preventive measures aimed at preventing tuberculosis include a number of approaches.

Recommendations:

• Active immunization of the population, and most of all children, with live BCG vaccine.
• Organization of timely detection and diagnosis of cases.
• Clinical examination of identified tuberculosis patients.
• With the established diagnosis of the disease, provide the patient with tuberculosis access to quality medical care, diagnosis, treatment with the necessary drugs, regardless of belonging to a particular population, from financial possibilities.
• To protect low-income and vulnerable groups of the population, including those infected with HIV, from tuberculosis.
• To carry out explanatory and educational work among different population groups.
• Promote the development of the latest diagnostic tools, treatment, new, more effective vaccines.

Learn more about tuberculosis from the program Live Healthily.

Early detection of patients with tuberculosis, providing them with affordable, high-quality medicines and the entire set of necessary medical services will prevent the disease of large groups of the population.In the fight against a dangerous disease, which is tuberculosis, isoniazid is well established as an effective drug used with other antituberculosis drugs.