Bronchial asthma

Asthma - severe relapsing inflammatory disease of the human respiratory system, manifested by sudden attacks of breathlessness, feeling short of breath, recurrent episodes of wheezing, coughing and shortness of breath. Asthma occurs in both children and adults and is one of the most common modern diseases( from 4 to 10% of the population)

asthma

reason has been found that in the vast majority of recorded cases of bronchial asthma develops due to hypersensitivity to various stimuli.

Bronchial asthma can be directly related to both environmental factors( frequent infection of the respiratory tract and various allergic factors) and hereditary predisposition.

attack of asthma may be caused by the following factors, that:

- Irritants in the environment: tobacco smoke, perfume sprays, exhaust gases

- Bacterial and viral infections: sinusitis, colds, bronchitis, influenza

- Allergens: disputespollen, mites, dust, animal hair,

food - medications: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetylsalicylic acid

- Intense physical stress( often in cold areas)

- Various stress situations: inFear, and so on.

The climatic factor plays an important role in the development of bronchial asthma: height above sea level, soil and climate. It was noted that the movement of air masses, low clouds or cyclones three times increase the likelihood of developing bronchial asthma, compared with the finding in normal climatic conditions. It should also be noted that the occurrence of asthma in almost 90% of cases contributes to clay soil

Bronchial asthma symptoms

Although bronchial asthma is a fairly common disease, its symptoms vary from person to person. In most patients, the first symptomatology is manifested even at an early age( up to 10 years), and in 30% of patients up to 40 years.

age range and frequency of the incidence of asthma:

- Up to ten years - about 35%

- From ten to twenty years - about 15%

- from twenty to forty years - about 10%

- from forty to fifty years - about 10%

- From fifty to sixty years - about 7%

- After sixty years - about 3%

clinical picture of asthma is characterized by symptoms such as coughing and breathing problems in the form of shortness of breath. This symptomatology arises after direct contact with the allergen, which is of great importance in diagnosis. In addition, there is a seasonal variability of symptoms and diagnosed in relatives bronchial asthma or other atopic diseases.

In the case of combination with rhinitis, severe symptoms of bronchial asthma can both be observed continuously with seasonal exacerbations, and appear only at certain times of the year. In some patients, the seasonal development of exacerbations is caused by an increase in the air level of some aeroallergens( pollen ragweed, birch, various herbs, etc.).In addition, the above symptoms can develop after physical exertion( asthma of physical stress), or when the person is in contact with various non-specific substances( harsh odors, gases, smoke).

Choking attack is the most common sign of bronchial asthma. During the attack the patient in a sitting position forcedly adopted in which the breath is carried out by means of an auxiliary abdominal musculature, the shoulder girdle and chest. When protracted attacks often there are significant pain in the lower part of the chest, which is due to the intense work of the diaphragm. The attack of the attack is often preceded by aura of attack, which is manifested by rhinitis, coughing, sneezing, urticaria. Directly, the attack of asthma can accompany a cough with the separation of a small amount of vitreous phlegm. Immediately after coughing, the number of wheezing rises( both on exhalation and inhalation).As the sputum retreats, rales shrink and breathing becomes more severe. During periods of exacerbation marks tachycardia, drowsiness, cyanosis, difficulty in communication. Due to the increase in pulmonary volumes, the thorax is swollen. During periods between attacks, patients may completely lack any signs of the disease.

There are such cases of bronchial asthma, when the clinical picture is limited to only a cough. This kind of asthma is called tussis. Most often it is common in children, and the symptoms are noted usually at night. The cough variant of bronchial asthma must necessarily be differentiated with eosinophilic bronchitis.

In some patients, the only provoking factor in the development of an attack of bronchial asthma is physical activity( bronchial asthma of physical stress).Most often, the attack develops after a short time( 5-10 minutes) after the termination of physical activity. During physical activity, seizures are extremely rare. Sometimes patients note a prolonged cough, self-passing for 35 to 45 minutes. In most cases, the attacks are provoked by a run, and their development determining factor is the inhaled cold air dry

Asthma diagnosis

The diagnosis of asthma is set based on the following key points:

- The history of the disease, characterized by complaints to the disease( dry cough, shortness of breath)

- presence of concomitant clinical manifestations( stimulated body position, expiratory dyspnea character)

- Studies of respiratory function at nobstructive changes

- Clinical examination data( wheezing in the lungs, increased respiration and pulse)

- Presence in the bronchial secretion or sputum of eosinophils

- Positive results of the allergic test

Bronchial asthma treatment

For the treatment of bronchial asthma, urgent medical interventions aimed atrestoration of impaired normal bronchial patency. Patients need to know the following points:

- Diluting sputum and expectorants are a very important part of the treatment of bronchial asthma. They can be used either as a tablet means( acetylcysteine ​​ambrogeksal bromhexine) as well as infusions and decoctions medicinal

grass - In the case where the patient is diagnosed atopic asthma associated with allergy to house dust, pollen and fungal spores, veryGood results are achieved due to the so-called specific hyposensitization, which blocks pathological immunological reactions. This type of treatment involves injecting into the patient's body microscopic doses of an allergen according to a certain scheme. After a course of injections for many patients asthma attacks can completely disappear for a few years

- if confirmed "aspirin" asthma is shown receiving a specially developed scheme miniscule doses of aspirin, so often reduced hypersensitivity to the drug and improves the flow of

disease addition to medication, theremany non-drug treatments for bronchial asthma, they include various methods of physiotherapy( ultraviolet irradiation, amplipulse, exposureCorollary sonicated, inductothermy, electrophoresis), UV or laser irradiation of blood, hyperbaric oxygenation, as well as how such innovative methods plazmatsitoferez, plasmapheresis and hemosorbtion.

In addition to all the above mentioned, special breathing techniques, reflexotherapy and psychotherapy are widely used on an outpatient basis.