Amenorrhea: forms, clinic, diagnosis, treatment

Amenorrhea. If you translate this word from Latin, then prefix A always means the negation of something. In a word, the Greek roots rheo - flow and men is a month. Combining the Latin prefix and two Greek roots, we get the word amenorrhea, which means the absence of menstrual discharge in women, whose age has passed for 16 years and has not reached 45, for many months( up to six months).

Amenorrhea: forms, clinic, diagnosis, treatment.

Doctors consider amenorrhea a consequence of disorders in the body of different etiologies. The emergence of this phenomenon affects the emotional state of a woman, and her psychological health.

Amenorrhea: forms and clinic.

By and large, amenorrhea is a gynecological disease. Distinguish between false amenorrhea and true. It is also customary to distinguish between pathological and physiological amenorrhea, and also primary and secondary. Amenorrhea: false. This type is characterized by a normal course of cyclic, hormonal processes in the body, in which blood is not released due to the fact that it is prevented, for example, by the cervix, hymen, any mechanical elements. The reason - in congenital abnormalities in the development of the organs of the genital sphere. It can be, for example, atresia of the hymen. Amenorrhea: true. This type is characterized by the absence of menstrual flow, when there is no change in the reproductive system, particularly in the ovaries. A woman with this form of amenorrhea can not become pregnant. This form of amenorrhea manifests itself during lactation, during pregnancy and during menopause. It is also characteristic of childhood. In general, this amenorrhea is considered a natural process, not a disease. It has a natural character. The pathological type of amenorrhea worries the doctors. In this case, it can be primary or secondary. This type of amenorrhea is a functional disorder in the body.

Amenorrhea of ​​the primary type manifests itself in adolescence. It is associated with a delay in the sexual development of women at the genetic level. This is a rare phenomenon, but if this is observed, the girl should consult the doctor for advice and treatment. There are many reasons for this phenomenon and it's quite difficult to determine everything, but nevertheless, they subdivide hereditary causes, anatomical, mental, emotional. The causes of the anatomical plan imply a delay in the overall development of the girl's body. Infringements define or determine on gynecologic survey by means of US.That's why you need to visit gynecology regularly. Often, in an interview with a doctor, the circumstances of the fact that the next-month relatives have started also late are being clarified, so here it makes sense to talk about amenorrhea of ​​a genetic character.

The most common causes of amenorrhea are disorders of the psychological and emotional plan, stress. It can manifest itself in any age period. Often the cycle is restored independently, but if there are diseases, then you need to consult a doctor and conduct a treatment course.

Pathological amenorrhea of ​​secondary plan manifests itself in those who have a menstrual cycle constant. This form of amenorrhea is more complicated than the amenorrhea of ​​the primary plan. The main reason - increased physical stress on the body when working in unsuitable conditions or with excessive sports. In general, the reasons for the development of this type of amenorrhea lurk in the lifestyle that the lady leads: in her diet, work place, in the classroom, in her hobbies. .. Diet and rapid weight loss can also cause amenorrhea. Amenorrhea can be manifested as a side effect in infectious and other diseases: in typhoid, tuberculosis, liver diseases, alcoholism, poisoning.

Amenorrhea can be associated with hormonal disorders, emotional and mental disorders. If you suddenly do not come monthly, and pregnancy is excluded, then do not be afraid, just need to seek help from a gynecologist. Do not forget, if you have a lactation period, then the absence of menstruation is quite normal, due to the processes of the physiological plan. This is not a disease.

Amenorrhea: diagnosis.

1. Reception and examination by a gynecologist.
2. Carrying out ultrasound.
3. Blood tests to check hormone levels( LH, FSH, E2, if polycystic ovary is observed, then the TST level is checked), including the level of thyroid hormones( T3, T4, TTG).
4. Blood tests for glucose level, a test for tolerance to it with polycystic ovary and obesity.
5. If there is a suspicion of a pituitary tumor, you need to consult a neurologist and make an x-ray of the cranial cavity so that you can see the "Turkish saddle", MRI and CT of the brain.
6. If the ovarian function is impaired, then test tests with estrogens, gestagens and clomiphene should be performed.
7. If amenorrhea is primary, then the structure of the chromosomes( karyotype) is determined.
8. Based on ultrasound data, if fusion in the uterus is determined, it is necessary to examine its cavity with a hysteroscope.
9. If polycystic ovary is found, laparoscopy should be performed.

Diagnostic studies and their scope should be determined by a specialist gynecologist. He can do this only after a general examination of the patient and collecting her anamnesis. Amenorrhea: treatment.

It depends on the underlying cause that caused amenorrhea. A woman needs a normal rest, a mode of work, a full-fledged diet. It is necessary to eliminate the negative emotional background, stop excessively overloading the body, be it sports or work. It is necessary to effectively and correctly treat common diseases of a somatic and infectious nature. All of the above normalizes the cycle without the intervention of hormone therapy.

If amenorrhea is associated with hypofunction of the pituitary gland, as well as ovaries, then hormone therapy is necessary here. At the heart of the treatment is the stimulation of the hypothalamus and pituitary system with its temporary blockade using the estrogen-progestogen plan. Hormonal therapy leads to a recovery cycle is not immediately. The courses of hormone therapy need to be done several times. If the primary form of amenorrhea is established, then start with estrogens. They are injected for several months and carry out a controlled test. Under the influence of estrogens, sexual organs and secondary sexual characteristics develop. If an amenorrhea with hypothalamic-pituitary genesis is established, doctors recommend drugs that directly affect the ovulation process. An increase in basal temperature indicates that the ovulation process has begun. Hormonal therapy is often performed in conjunction with physiotherapy and other procedures.