Myocardiodystrophy: clinic, diagnosis, treatment

The word "myocardial dystrophy" in its composition has several Greek roots: myos( mys) - this means muscles;Kardia in translation is the heart, plus dystrophy. When the roots are joined, myocardiodystrophia is obtained. This disease is characterized by a secondary lesion of the heart. At the heart - metabolic disorders, which are not associated with inflammation, tumors, deposition of elements of pathological synthesis( primary degeneration).Also at the heart of cardiac damage is the lack of energy in the myocardium, which leads to the irreversibility of the development of degeneration of the cells of the conduction cardiac system and cardiomyocytes. Clinically, this manifests itself in the form of various disorders of the heart. What is myocardial dystrophy, a clinic, a diagnosis, the treatment of which is described below?

Myocardial dystrophy: clinic

Myocardial dystrophy manifests itself in completely different ways. It can flow without symptoms, and can cause the development of severe heart failure. And the disease is more often observed in men who have crossed the 40-year-old line. Often doctors register patients with violations of the dyshormonal plan.

When the disease is just starting to develop, the patient does not pay attention to the first signs. Often the disease develops over several years, gradually progressing, and even then it becomes clearly manifested. A person complains of pain in the area of ​​the heart, which has the property to increase with stress or with physical exertion. The person begins to develop rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, he quickly becomes tired, his performance decreases. An unpleasant sensation appears in the heart region. Sometimes the pain in the heart resembles a picture of angina.

When a complete examination of the patient is performed, the enlargement and expansion of the cardiac cavities is revealed. The heart sounds are muffled, the heart works in the rhythm of the canter, at the Botkin point and at the top there is a noise. The rhythm of the heart is manifested in atrial fibrillation of constant or paroxysmal forms.

In a phonocardiographic study, the systolic murmur of the low-frequency plan is determined.

Radiographic examination determines the increase in the size of the heart. This is often due to the fact that concomitant pathology develops, for example, ischemic heart disease, vice, hypertension. The enlargement of the heart can also occur in isolated form, for example, in alcoholic and thyrotoxic myocardial dystrophy.

An electrocardiogram detects changes in the end parts of the ventricular system. Each stage of myocardial dystrophy corresponds to certain changes in electrocardiographic signs. Violation of the heart rhythm is represented as tachycardia and extrasystole.

Myocardial dystrophy can be chronic and acute. It depends on many factors. For example, the conditions under which the disease arose, the age of the patient, the state of his immunity, the presence of other diseases.

Acute myocardial dystrophy develops because of strong physical overstrain, if blood pressure rises sharply in the circulation circles, if there is a hypertensive crisis, due to acute nephritis and development of embolism in the pulmonary artery.

Acute myocardial dystrophy can lead to the death of the patient. The cause in this case is contracture dystrophy of the myocardium. If myocardial dystrophy develops as a chronic disease, then the symptomatology shows itself too slowly, with the passage of time. Patients do not pay attention to the symptoms, because they are "pushed back" the symptoms of diseases that accompany myocardial dystrophy. As a result of complications, which gives myocardial dystrophy, heart failure develops.

Myocardial Dystrophy:

Diagnosis Myocardial dystrophy is diagnosed after a survey that helps identify the conditions of the onset of the disease, and on the basis of observations of the patient, using the X-ray examination data, ECG and FCG.

When setting the diagnosis of myocardial dystrophy, special attention is paid to electrocardiographic research with pharmacological tests( probes).In order to create artificial hyperkalemia, potassium salts, anaprilin and obzidan( beta-adrenoblockers), isopropylnoradrenaline and isoptin( calcium inhibitors), alupent( adrenostimulant) are used. A sample with potassium completely normalizes the ECG or gives a tangible improvement with a positive result with a myocardial dystrophy that occurs with potassium deficiency.

If myocardial dystrophy develops with an excess of catecholamine influence, then a positive sample is recorded when tested using calcium inhibitors and beta-blockers.

In myocardial dystrophy, which is caused by a shortage of catecholamines, a trial with beta-adrenostimulants is positive.

Reliable results of development of changes of a dystrophic character, received at carrying out of a technique of an endocardial biopsy are considered reliable.

Subendomyocardial biopsy is performed under electrocardiographic control under local anesthesia.

Endocardial biopsy is technically difficult to perform, so it is not widely used to determine the diagnosis.

The diagnosis of myocardial dystrophy should be differentiated from ischemia, cardiac dysfunction of the functional plan, myocarditis, malformations, pericardial diseases, pulmonary heart, atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis.

Myocardial dystrophy: treatment and prevention

It is necessary to eliminate the underlying pathological process that caused the development of the disease. It is necessary to adjust the labor regime, which will help to avoid physical exertion. You need to eat rationally to correct metabolic disorders. With myocardial dystrophy, doctors recommend multivitamin plan preparations, potassium orotate( 1 g per day), nerobol( 0.005 g / day), methandrostenolone, cocarboxylase( 50 to 100 mg / day).

In the prevention of disease, it is necessary to prevent and timely treat those diseases that can cause myocardial dystrophy. The population needs to form a need for a healthy lifestyle. It is necessary to eat fully, throw bad habits, delineate the load, given the age and level of physical health. It is necessary to eliminate chronic infectious foci, such as otitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, caries, etc.

When working in production, it is necessary to minimize contact with harmful chemical elements and to avoid other factors that can cause the development of cardiac muscle dystrophy.