Blood for constipation: the causes of the symptom, possible treatment
Blood in the stool is a symptom that indicates a digestive system. He does not always cause trouble to a person, but at the same time it is a sign of serious changes in the body. So, blood with constipation can signal the development of bowel cancer. But more often it does not carry a threat to life. When you see a doctor, the cause is established, a treatment is prescribed, during which, in most cases, patients get rid of constipation and bleeding from the intestine.
Causes of the appearance of blood in the stool
Blood in the stool appears as a result of disruption of the integrity of the gastrointestinal mucosa, damage to small and medium blood vessels.
Causes of bleeding of different intensity, there are several :
- inflammatory process;
- neoplasm - tumors, polyps;
- erosion, ulcers;
- fragility of the vascular walls;
- pathogenic microorganisms.
Blood in the stool is not always visible. Hidden blood is detected during the analysis. By its number, color, location( on the surface of the feces or throughout the mass) suggest the development of certain diseases of the digestive system.
The most common pathologies, in which the feces contain blood, - colitis, proctitis, inflammation of the hemorrhoids. Minor bleeding is accompanied by benign and malignant tumors( cancer, polyps), anal fissures, cryptite( occlusion of the anal sinuses of the rectum).
With ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, latent blood is detected in the stool. In elderly people, the cause may be intestinal ischemia, thrombosis of blood vessels, blood supply to the gastrointestinal tract, angiodysplasia( deformation of blood vessels) of the blind or colon.
Blood in feces is present in severe infectious diseases, such as dysentery, Staphylococcus aureus.
What causes constipation with blood?
Constipation is an incomplete or difficult bowel movement due to insufficient peristalsis or hardening of stool. This pathology affects 50% of the working-age population of developed countries.
Blood is observed with chronic constipation. Acute constipation causes a strong inflammation of the intestine and does not lead to bleeding.
Feces with constipation represent a dry and hard mass, which during the digestive tract trauma affects the mucous membrane, causing bleeding microcracks. The causes of the appearance of blood with constipation are diseases of the anal region ─ hemorrhoids, rectal cancer, cryptitis, cracks. Also this symptom is accompanied by nonspecific ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease.
Predisposing factors include:
- abnormalities of development of the large intestine;
- improper power supply;
- infringement of innervation;
- hormonal failures.
Blood in the stool with constipation can occur with insufficient intake of water and dietary fiber.
Development of constipation with blood
Systematic stagnant processes in the intestine ─ trigger mechanism for the development of constipation with blood impurities.
Routes for the formation of a difficult act of defecation :
- alimentary - as a result of dehydration of the body;
- mechanical ─ impaired motor and peristalsis;
- is dyskinetic or neurogenic.
Intestinal emptying is controlled by the central nervous system. If you regularly suppress the urge to defecate, there is a stretching of the intestinal walls, the mucous membrane becomes inflamed and bleeds. Gradually develops atony ─ a violation of the normal tone of smooth muscles of the intestines, the volume of the rectum increases, the transit of stool slows down. When it is delayed, the bowel absorbs more water. The feces gradually decrease in volume, dry up, and its density rises. The solid masses press on the mucosa and lead to bleeding.
Factors that can lead to constipation with blood :
- sedentary lifestyle;
- improper power supply;
- long-term use of medicines( preparations of calcium, aluminum, antidepressants, ganglion blockers).
Stool with admixture of blood
Admixtures of blood in the stool indicate a lesion of the lower intestine. Pathology is chronic. In rare cases, the abundance of blood in the stool can be observed with intensive gastric bleeding or perforation of the ulcer. But this condition is accompanied by blood vomiting.
Characteristic features of the impurities:
- blood veins both outside and inside the form;
- is diffuse impregnation of masses;
- color of blood in feces ─ scarlet, dark red, chestnut-colored.
It occurs in case of colon cancer, hemorrhoids, food poisoning, blood clotting disorder, after surgical treatment.
Stool with blood clots
Blood clots in feces are an alarming symptom in adults and children. The reasons for their formation are parasitic infection( ascarids), dysbacteriosis, permanent traumatization of polypous masses, damage to hemorrhoids. Clots appear more often in the act of defecation after heavy physical exertion.
Thickened blood is dark red. These are thrombi, which, as a result of inflammation, were formed in small vessels and, when damaged, entered the feces. This symptom is characteristic of hemorrhoids.
Diagnosis for bleeding after constipation
Bleeding from the rectum may be accompanied by severe symptoms( pain, worsening of general condition) or asymptomatic. Diagnosis of patients is carried out in several directions.
Initially, anamnesis is collected:
- color, amount and frequency of blood produced;
- nature of discharge ─ veins, clots;
- localization ─ over the entire area of fecal matter, from above, from below.
Laboratory study of feces for blood content in case of constipation ─ general analysis or coprogram. Assign with pain of unclear etiology, rapid weight loss, damage to the gastrointestinal mucosa, changes in stool. Normally, the amount of hidden blood is 1 ml.
Also carried out analysis for the presence of worms, if a suspected infectious disease is prescribed bacteriological culture of feces. To identify the true causes of endoscopic examination of the upper and lower digestive tract ─ gastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy.
Instrumental diagnostic methods allow you to accurately determine the presence of a pathological focus, its localization, assess the degree of damage and the risks of disease progression. Endoscopy makes it possible to conduct a biopsy - taking tissue samples for microscopic examination and determining the nature of the lesions.
What diseases can be assumed by bloody feces:
- blood with mucus ─ gastroenteritis, colitis, tumors;
- drops and veins of scarlet color on the surface, not mixed with feces, ─ hemorrhoids, cracked anus, cryptite;
- blood stains ─ helminths;
- veins mixed with feces, ─ chronic intestinal diseases, constipation;
- black feces ─ bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract;
- bright brown shade of bowel movements ─ pathology of the small intestine.
How is it treated?
If the cause of blood in the stool is constipation, prescribe a corrective diet rich in fiber, adherence to the water regime.
For constipation accompanied by bleeding, laxatives are prescribed, for example, herbal preparations based on Senna( Herbion Laxana, Senalex, Anthracenin, Senadexin, Regulax).
For episodic and minor bleeding with constipation prescribe prebiotics ─ funds that gradually restore the normal activity of the intestine and eliminate constipation. These drugs are Normase, Dufalac, Lactulose, Portalalac, Importal N, Exportal.
If the patient has hemorrhoids accompanied by minor bleeding, conservative medication is prescribed in the initial stages of the disease.
Candles that relieve inflammation of the hemorrhoids, which reduce bleeding and the degree of constipation:
- methyluracil;
- sea-buckthorn;
- with cocoa butter.
In case of ineffectiveness of drug therapy, minimally invasive operations are performed to remove hemorrhoids, adjust nutrition, and the problem of constipation with blood passes.
With bleeding polyps of the intestine, neoplasms are removed during colonoscopy. This procedure is performed on an outpatient basis, does not require long preparation, the patient does not lose his ability to work after manipulation.
An appointment with a doctor if blood is detected in the stool will help to detect and eliminate the digestive system. Early diagnosis prevents the development of severe and irreversible gastrointestinal diseases.
Author: Natalia Avramenko, doctor,
specially for Moizhivot.ru
