Overactive Bladder: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment
Overactive bladder - one of the most common problems of our time, it affects men and women from 20 years and up to a ripe old age. Today, when a sedentary lifestyle prevails, young people are increasingly drawn to the doctor with a similar syndrome. Syndrome overactive bladder - a disease which is characterized by frequent urination, although an infection of the urogenital area and the absence of disease. The cause of this disease is a breakdown in the cerebral cortex, which regulates urination. The disease occurs equally in both men and women.
Many let overactive bladder to itself, because it does not cause pain, just the frequency of urination uchelichivaetsya at times, but if time does not give attention to this syndrome, the disease progresses and comes to social inconvenience. Many people have even quit their jobs just to stay not far away from the toilet. In this article we have compiled the symptoms of overactive bladder, treatment methods and the real testimonials of people.
Among the causes of overactive bladder are found, or neurological diseases, and then it is called neurogenic or unique reason does not stand out, and then it comes to idiopathic hyperactivity. By the development of neurogenic bladder hyperactivity cause damage to the central nervous system above the sacral micturition center (S
2-S4). The most frequent causes of lesions are multiple sclerosis, craniocerebral and spinal trauma, myelomeningocele, spina bifida.Although the causes of idiopathic hyperactivity may not be known, but identified a number of factors that determine the development of such violations:
Symptoms of overactive bladder caused obvious concern, though not always become the reason for seeking qualified assistance. The clinical picture includes:
Of course, in order to get recommendations on the treatment of this disease should be sure to consult a specialist. And do not be shy! Remember, this is a very common problem. Women need to be examined by a gynecologist, a man - a urologist for prostate diseases. Also you have to visit a neurologist.
I will not tell you about the medicinal and surgical methods of treatment of this disease as well as treatment for each person strictly individual. In this article, we will focus on the methods by which you can help yourself at home.
People with overactive bladder may have some or all of the above symptoms.
From this disease suffer from both men and women, but women are somewhat more likely. There is a clear correlation frequency of disease and age. The older a person is, the more likely the disease occurs. In people older than 75 years of overactive bladder is observed every third.
In severe cases, patients experience social difficulties, they cease to communicate with colleagues and family. Sometimes even have to leave the job to be at home all day near a toilet.
When the disease is overactive bladder symptoms described above may occur simultaneously or separately. Sometimes the only manifestation of the syndrome are unbearable urge that cause a person a sense of unease, especially in public places. Thus urinalysis parameters are normal, and the volume and frequency of urination is not increased. Women often observed incontinence.
In the diagnosis of overactive bladder is the main rule out other diseases of the urinary tract. To do this, use a set of diagnostic measures, including:
A popular set of exercises for the pelvic floor muscles is considered Kegel exercises:
Start training recommended ten slow contractions, the same number of cuts and the ejection five times a day. A week later add another five exercises to everyone as long as they do not become thirty.
Drug-free methods differ so clear advantages as the harmlessness and lack side effects, the ability of various combinations with other types of treatment (including medication).
The uncontrolled release of urine can try to eliminate certain medications. But this method of treatment is secondary when special exercises and lifestyle changes do not give good results.
medication in environmentsIt lasts for 3 months, then for another few months will remain significant effect. If at this stage, not to stop the use of non-drug methods, or just start using them, the effect would be fixed. Absolutely valid is to conduct repeated courses of drugs after a few months the lack of effectiveness of the first course or relapse.
TO surgical treatment of overactive bladder resort is extremely rare, even if other treatments are ineffective. By the used varieties surgery refers miektomiya detrusor and enterotsistoplastika. Miektomiya detrusor - a dissection of the body of the detrusor bladder while maintaining intact mucous layer. This reduces detrusor contractility. Enterotsistoplastika pertinent if necessary substantially to reduce the extensibility and reduce bladder capacity after failure of conservative therapy, as well as the risk of developing ureterohydronephrosis. A clear advantage in choosing this method uses as a cystoplasty, it replaces the bladder portion of the ileum.
Overactive bladder is diagnosed in people who have urinary disorder caused by other diseases. Often this neurodevelopmental nature:
Overactive Bladder is in conjunction with such deviations:
The emergence of disturbing symptoms must necessarily become a reason for treatment to the doctor, urologist, and not to self-motivation. The physician based diagnostic procedures will eliminate the chance of having complex urological, gynecological or neurological abnormalities, and will determine the treatment regimen overactive bladder. If the suspicion of underlying disease is confirmed, the treatment will be complex, but certainly professional.
People faced with this problem, will definitely feel the need for social isolation, constraints of work and communication. Even under favorable circumstances where the patient can get to a toilet in time, frequent urination, including at night, can disrupt the social adaptation. It is important to note that after a brief assessment and diagnostic procedures, the physician determines the appropriate treatment, as it significantly facilitates the manifestations of hyperactivity and contributes to the normalization quality of life.
In addition to being in the home is important to follow all medical instructions, you must follow very simple rules for the organization of everyday life, in order to facilitate the flow of the syndrome in the period of his Solution:
As part of the drug treatment of overactive bladder, the following categories of drugs
Acceptable, but not recommended, the use of preparations of the other groups, but their lack of effect observed with very pronounced side effects. Among them, usually a feeling of dryness in the mouth and eye mucosa, that is reduced using sugarless gum and eye drops.
If a specific case of the disease is accompanied by or develops in the bladder outlet obstruction, it is best to find a way to give up prescribing anticholinergic properties, such as reduced detrusor contractile activity, and hence the rate of urinating. In the presence of severe bladder outlet obstruction is first necessary to restore outflow urine from the bladder, and then carry out the treatment of overactive bladder medication bubble.
Traditional methods can be complementary to the traditional, controlled by a doctor to treat. Separate application of the remedies is unlikely to provide the desired result. Popular in the framework of the treatment of overactive bladder are the following herbal extracts:
It should be noted that it is not advisable to prepare in advance broths, they possess maximum efficiency in the first day after preparation.
overactive bladder treatment in pregnancy is very common due to the fact that the anatomical and hormonal changes in the body of the future mother cause this dysfunction. Therapy should monitor the gynecologist, and conduct - a urologist. Self-medication is extremely inappropriate. Surgery avoided, preference is given to folk remedies and lifestyle adjustments. Usually the condition is normalized after delivery, otherwise, an above-described therapy.
Diagnosis of overactive bladder seems multicomponent procedure, a set of activities that can be divided into basic, optional, urodynamic.
- Observation gynecologist (2 times a year).
- Timely access to a doctor when a complaint of a violation of urination.
- Attention is drawn to urination, urge formation, quality urine stream in the presence of a neurological disease.
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Correction lifestyle
To solve the problem of overactive bladder is first necessary to make lifestyle changes.
1. Change the diet.
It is necessary to limit the use of an acidic, spicy food and spices, citrus fruits and juices from them. Discard the caffeinated beverages and foods (tea, coffee, soft drinks, chocolate, etc.), alcohol, sugar substitutes, watermelon, melon and cucumber. These products are irritating to the bladder wall and stimulate diuresis.
On bladder function are beneficial foods that contain zinc and vitamin A. Therefore, you should prefer seafood, green vegetables, grains, flax and sunflower seeds.
Increase the fiber content in the diet, it will help avoid constipation, provoking overactive bladder.
From drinks is recommended herbal tea from lemon balm.
- Give up smoking.
- Control your weight.
- Normalize bowel movements and avoid constipation.
- Control of medicines.
There are drugs that have a diuretic action (antihypertensives, antidiabetics). Acceptance of these funds should be under the supervision of a physician.
Limit fluid intake before bedtime.
If you often wake up at night to go to the toilet, refrain from taking liquids before going to bed (not less than 3 hours before bedtime). But it does not forget to drink water during the day (daily physiological need of the organism in the liquid must be distributed evenly throughout the day).
Try to empty the bladder completely.
To do this, try to practice the method of "double voiding." When you visit the toilet to empty your bladder as much as possible from the accumulated urine and then relax for a few seconds, then try emptying.
The use of special tools.
Those who are worried about urinary incontinence, it is necessary to use special pads and adult diapers. They can be purchased at any pharmacy. They save you from the inconvenience of incontinence, and others from unpleasant odor.
behavioral therapy
Behavioral therapy - an effective monotherapy treatment of overactive bladder with no contraindications and does not require material expenditures.
This technique is able to bring relief to every patient with this disease, and 15 to 20% of patients return to normal life.
Behavioral therapy can help:
- teach the bladder hold more liquid, to reduce the number of urination;
- to control the urge to visit the toilet, thereby improving the quality of life.
Before treatment, the patient within a few days leading voiding diary, which shows how often and to what extent they occurred. This diary can replace urodynamic study, if it is difficult to carry out for you.
Then begins the exercise, which is that the patient in any environment (home, work everywhere) should go to the bathroom on schedule, even if at the moment he is not in the toilet wants. This helps to re-establish control over the body. At the same time it is necessary to wait until the designated time in the schedule to teach the bladder accumulate a larger quantity of urine and thus slowly increase the intervals between visits toilet.
To reduce the overactive bladder is effectively applied physiotherapy.
Physiotherapy procedure of Kegel
perform Kegel exercises system includes alternating contraction and relaxation of muscles, raising the anus.
Regular performance of the set of these exercises helps with many violations of the urinary organs in men and women (overactive bladder, urinary incontinence, uterine prolapse, prostatitis), Regulation of sexual function and diseases of the rectum (fecal incontinence, hemorrhoids and other).
Exercise 1 - Slow compression
Tighten your muscles as you tense them when you stop urinating. Slowly count to three. Relax.
Exercise 2 - Lift
Gently and gradually tense the pelvic floor muscles. First floor - tighten slightly and hold in this state, the second - more tense and hold again, the third - even more tense and again linger. And so to the "top" - tense muscles as hard as you can. Then slowly release the muscles, as "lingering" on the floors.
Exercise 3 - Acronyms
Tense and relax the pelvic muscles as fast as you can.
Exercise 4 - Popping
Tuzhtes down, as if you want to go to the toilet.
And do not forget to breathe evenly during these exercises.
Each exercise is performed 10 times a week to each exercise is added to 5 repetitions until you reach 30 reps. The entire set of exercises should be performed five times a day.
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Causes
The causes of the disease are the following factors:
- changes in the nerve center of the cerebral cortex, which is responsible for controlling urination (As a result, lost his childhood spent in a conditioned reflex, or, on the contrary, strengthened existing);
- Parkinson's disease;
- stress;
- stroke;
- taking medication, increase the separation of urine;
- infectious diseases;
- diabetes;
- pathological changes in the kidneys;
- inflammation of the bladder,
- stones and tumors in body cavity;
- alcohol and coffee;
- violation of the outflow of urine due to an enlarged prostate;
- oncological processes;
- disorders of the digestive system.
See also:Harmful if continence in men from the medical point of view
Symptoms of overactive bladder syndrome
The main symptoms of the syndrome of overactive bladder:
- frequent urination (from 8-10 and more times a day, as well as 2 times per night);
- urinary incontinence;
- spontaneous outflow of urine when coughing or laughing, and physical activity;
- periodic desire to void that is difficult to control;
- urine drops;
- cramps and pain during urination;
- feeling inadequate emptying the bladder.
If you find yourself in similar symptoms, consult a doctor immediately. It is easier to prevent than to deal with the consequences.
Diagnostics
For the diagnosis of overactive bladder syndrome following manipulation must be met:
- to be examined by an experienced urologist, who will explain in detail how to treat overactive bladder syndrome;
- rule out other diseases that may accompany frequent urination;
- pass urinalysis;
- to identify problems of overactive bladder in women should visit a gynecologist;
- pass complete blood count;
- X-rays pass;
- perform urodynamic studies;
- do cystoscopy, whereby the doctor can examine the urethra and bladder.
Treatment of overactive bladder syndrome
For the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome used methods:
- physiotherapy, which includes elektrofarez, amplipulse, acupuncture;
- medication, comprising receiving antimuscarinic drugs that regulate reflex effects on the bladder;
- lifestyle correction of the patient (rejection of alcohol, smoking, coffee, weight control, normalization of fluid consumption);
- therapeutic exercise, aimed at training the pelvic muscles;
- surgical intervention.
danger
The problem of an overactive bladder may be the cause of serious diseases that can lead to death. The earlier treatment is started (particularly for overactive bladder in children), the better the prognosis for recovery in humans.
prevention
For the prevention of disease relevant as follows:
- sports;
- rejection of bad habits;
- normalization of supply;
- regular visits to the urologist.
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Treatment
Currently, there are effective treatments for overactive bladder, and the physician's role in this situation lies in communicating this information to the patients. Use of anticholinergic drugs is a standard treatment for patients. Proper selection of the drug, its dosage and frequency of reception - the success of the treatment. In some cases, women need to effectively treat hormonal status correction. In men, the common cause of OAB is BPH.
However, in some cases, this is not enough. Many patients while taking anticholinergics are experiencing side effects such as dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision. In these situations, as well as exposure to the drugs not effectively applied blocking smooth muscle fibers bladder botulinum toxin. The action of botulinum toxin is the interruption of nerve impulse pathological nerves going to the bladder. The introduction of botulinum toxin into the bladder - is an endoscopic procedure performed during cystoscopy using endoscopic needle. Effect of the drug lasts about 6-12 months, after which sometimes (not always) require re-treatment. Get professional advice and choose the individual treatment you can sign up for free reception.
Causes
Medical job requires a great deal of time, effort and energy. This makes the doctor in the first place to look for emergency, crisis, conditions that threaten patients' lives. This approach is well understood and explained. However, engaging in the treatment of serious diseases, we sometimes forget about the conditions, which, though not fatal, but significantly affect the quality of life of patients, limiting their daily life activity, lead to social maladjustment.
One such disease is overactive bladder (OAB). Elderly patients do not always go to the doctor about it, believing that it is the manifestation of age-related changes. Young patients suffering from OAB often find uncomfortable to talk about their problems, despite the fact that the disease sometimes causes them to completely change their way of life. Frequent urination, urgency, frequent urination at night and imperative urinary incontinence - is the main manifestation of overactive bladder.
symptoms
It is believed that the OAB - a set of symptoms, including dysfunction of the lower urinary tract, major manifestation of which it is mandatory, uncontrollable urination - the so-called urgency. Today it is generally accepted the following definition of urgency, "urgency - a sudden and irresistible urge to urinate that can not delay." Despite this definition, there is still time for which the patient may delay urination. This time is called "the time of urination warning." The shorter the interval, the greater the likelihood that the patient can not hold urine.
Imperative urinary incontinence - this is an extreme manifestation of the OAB. Urinary incontinence can be a manifestation of overactive bladder, along with frequent urination, manifested both day and night. It should be noted that not all patients with overactive bladder incontinence, as not all patients with urinary incontinence have a hyperactive bladder. It limits the patient's disease activity. Constantly evolving urination forcing patients to be in close proximity to the toilet. In extreme cases, these patients pre-plan your route of travel and attach it to the toilet location. And sometimes the constant fear "did not have time to get to the toilet" in the event of an irresistible urge to urinate causes them to completely abandon from the exit of the house.
Diagnostics
Overactive bladder is a diagnosis of exclusion, that is, the doctor must first rule out all possible causes micturition disorders such as bladder inflammation, bladder stones, bladder cancer, and more more. Only completely eliminating these conditions we can confidently say that there OAB. Standard Plan examination of patients includes: medical examination, and for women - examination in the gynecological chair; Urinalysis and urine culture on the microflora; US kidney and bladder; uroflowmetry with determination of residual urine; a and cystoscopy followed urodynamic study if necessary.
http://www.urogynecology.ru/spetzializatziya-kliniki/giperaktivnyy-mochevoy-puzyr/
5 ways to eliminate the discomfort
This disease is said, if the desire to go to the toilet there is a person more than eight times per day. It is important to determine the cause of this hyperactivity, so it is first necessary to make a general analysis of urine and its seeding in the presence of urinary tract infections. Ultrasound of the bladder helps eliminate surgical problems, and to determine the amount of urine left after urination.
Women need to be examined by a gynecologist, a man - a urologist for prostate diseases.
You have to visit a neurologist to check general reflexes as markers of neurological diseases.
And finally, to complete the picture, the doctor may suggest for a few days to keep a diary of urination, which will show how often and to what extent they occurred. This observation diary can replace urodynamic study: special equipment records all the contractions of the bladder, which, in fact, cause a desire to go to the toilet.
Assign it when there is a suspicion of urologic problems. If the diagnosis of "overactive bladder" is obvious, the doctor is limited to the study of the patient's diary.
To reduce overactive bladder applies a set of measures.
1. Changing diets
Some products irritate the bladder wall, and thus stimulate it. The first is caffeine products, sour and spicy food, watermelon, melon, cucumber, mineral water, alcohol. They are better on the treatment of refuse.
2. Control over drugs
There are drugs that have a diuretic effect, for example, hypertension, diabetics. Their method also needs to be regulated, and most importantly - before treatment is necessary to inform the reception of their doctor.
3. Training
We suffer from overactive bladder produced a kind of mechanism behavior. In unfamiliar places such a person first of all find out where is the toilet, to easily use them. People often go to the toilet "for the future" and at every opportunity trying to empty the bladder, even if it is not completely filled.
Although in fact it is necessary to be patient, that is, to teach the bladder to store larger amounts of urine and thus gradually increase the interval between toilet visits. This will help special exercises to strengthen the pelvic floor.
For clarity, the process is more convenient to schedule visits to the toilet, which should be followed in which the mark unplanned urge to empty the bladder.
4. medication
In the treatment of overactive bladder doctor must prescribe anticholinergic drugs, which often have an additional property - antispasmodic. They help to relieve muscle spasm of the internal organs, including the bladder.
5. neuromodulation
This method is based on the stimulation of nerve fibers bladder weak electric current. As a result, contractile activity of the bladder weakens.
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