Sigmoiditis: how it is treated, good modern drugs, expert advice

The large intestine is the lower part of the gastrointestinal tract where feces are formed and water is absorbed. The large intestine is anatomically divided into two sections: cecum, to which a vermiform appendage (appendix) is attached with the help of ligaments, and colon, consisting of four sections, one of which is the sigmoid colon. This is the final part of the colon, which passes into the anal canal, through which the formed fecal lump moves during bowel movements. Inflammation of the sigmoid colon is called sigmoiditis.

Sigmoiditis is a type of colitis - an inflammatory process that occurs in the epithelial layer of the large intestine. The disease is more common in women: among patients aged 20-60 years, various forms of colitis were recorded in about 70%. In men, the disease appears mainly after 40 years, and experts believe its main cause ascending rectal infections, violation of intestinal microflora, decreased overall resistance organism. Treatment includes diet and medication. Now there are a large number of good modern drugs that can stop the inflammatory process and accelerate the healing of damaged mucous membranes.

Risk factors and root causes

The causes of inflammation of the sigmoid colon must be known in order to prevent recurrence of the pathology, since only drug therapy will not give a stable positive result: for a complete recovery, the patient will have to follow a sparing diet and correct the image life. Insufficient intake of vegetable fiber leads to the gradual development of chronic colitis and sigmoiditis. Coarse fibers are not digested in the intestines and are excreted from the body almost unchanged, absorbing toxins and allergens deposited on the mucous membranes of the intestinal walls. If the body does not receive the required amount of fiber, toxic substances and products the vital activity of microorganisms that inhabit the intestinal microflora remain in the intestine and can cause its inflammation.

Other possible causes of sigmoiditis include:

• conditions that provoke intestinal dysbiosis (taking antibiotics and antimicrobial agents, low content of fermented milk products in the diet);
• factors that negatively affect the state of the immune system (smoking, alcohol abuse, sedentary lifestyle, short and irregular walks);
• inaccuracies in nutrition (increased consumption of spicy and fatty foods);
• infections of the anorectal region.

Note! Sigmoiditis can be a consequence of chronic bowel disease and partial dysfunction of the digestive system, therefore, people who are registered with a gastroenterologist or coloproctologist are at increased risk for this pathology.

Modern drugs for the treatment of sigmoiditis

Drug therapy for sigmoiditis is prescribed only in conjunction with a therapeutic diet (table number 4) and requires image correction life: increasing physical activity, giving up alcohol and cigarettes, normalizing the emotional state sick. The pharmaceutical industry today offers a large selection of good modern drugs for treatment of sigmoiditis, but only the treating person should select a treatment regimen and possible combinations of drugs doctor.

Enterosorbents and their role in the therapy of sigmoiditis

Enterosorbents are drugs that consist of substances that can absorb, bind and remove toxins, toxic fumes and allergens from the intestines. The most common agent in this group is activated carbon, but sorbents are better for treating sigmoiditis. new generation, since the sorption capacity of activated and charcoal is significantly lower compared to preparations of bismuth and silicon. Sorbents act only in the intestinal lumen and have a complex effect on the main cause of the inflammatory process - poisoning with toxins and bacteria waste products.

The pharmacological properties of modern sorbents include:

• absorption of toxic metabolites formed in the digestive tract as a result of metabolic processes;
• destruction of bacteria;
• enveloping the intestinal walls and protecting them from repeated injury and irritation;
• absorption of toxins from the systemic circulation and digestive juices;
• changes in the chemical composition of intestinal contents and the creation of conditions unfavorable for the development of pathogenic flora.

Enterosorbents of the new generation are safe for patients of any age (subject to the instructions) and are an indispensable component of the complex treatment of sigmoiditis and other types of colitis intestines.

Table. The most effective drugs in this group.

Name of the medicine	Scheme of use for sigmoiditis
"Povidone"	2 sachets 1-3 times a day 2 hours after meals. The duration of treatment depends on the severity of the inflammatory process and the existing symptoms and can range from 2 to 7 days.
"Enterodez"	100 ml of the prepared solution (for 1 sachet - 50 ml of boiled water) up to three times a day. The duration of treatment should not exceed 1 week.
"Polysorb"	Dilute 1-2 tablespoons in 100-150 ml of water and drink 1 hour after meals. Take the drug 3-4 times a day. In acute sigmoiditis, the duration of treatment is 5 days, in the chronic form - up to 10-14 days.
Endosorb	3 g of the drug 2-3 times a day. The duration of treatment should not be less than 5 days.
"Smecta"	1 sachet 3 times a day for a week.

Stimulants of tissue regeneration and repair

Preparations of this group are necessary for the healing of the mucous membrane of the sigmoid colon and the elimination of erosive defects and small ulcers, which can cause acute pain in colitis, especially if the patient violates the prescribed regimen nutrition. The most effective medicine with regenerative properties is "Methyluracil". For the treatment of sigmoiditis, it is used in the form of rectal suppositories (1 suppository contains 0.5 g of active ingredient).

"Methyluracil" has a complex effect: it improves the restoration of damaged tissues, reduces inflammation, inhibits the processes of protein breakdown (the action of methyluracil is similar to the effect of taking proteins, cortisol blockers, amino acids). The drug also has a pronounced anabolic effect, that is, it stimulates the formation of new cells and tissues at the site of damaged structures and fibers.

It is possible to use "Methyluracil" in the form of suppositories from the age of 3. The scheme of application depends on the age of the patient:

• children from 3 to 8 years old - half a suppository once a day;
• children and adolescents from 8 to 15 years old - 1 suppository 1 time per day;
• adolescents over 15 years old and adults - 1-2 suppositories up to 4 times a day.

Note! Local treatment with "Methyluracil" is well tolerated, the incidence of side effects is less than 7%, but in some cases local irritation and burning are possible. If the discomfort does not disappear within 10-15 minutes, it is necessary to rinse the anus with plenty of water and take an antihistamine.

Microflora restoration products

To normalize the balance of microorganisms in the intestine and improve digestive processes, drugs from the group of probiotics and prebiotics are included in the treatment regimen. Monosaccharides, lactulose, peptides, fatty acids and some types of digestive enzymes also have properties of prebiotics. It is recommended to prescribe drugs of this group after laboratory research and determination of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the intestinal microflora.

Modern bifidotherapy drugs with high efficiency, hypoallergenic properties and good tolerance include:

• "Normobakt";
• "Yogulakt";
• "Bifidumbacterin" (candles);
• Linex;
• "Narine";
• "Bifiform".

With signs of inflammation in children, the use of special children's forms of bifidopreparations is indicated. Young children can be given drops "Bifiform Baby" (from 4 years old - "Bifiform Baby"). The medicine has a pleasant fruity taste and is liked by children of all ages. A modern remedy for the normalization of microflora in children is Normobact tablets in the form of animal figurines with a white chocolate flavor.

Stool control drugs

Sigmoiditis is very often accompanied by a stool disorder, so symptomatic treatment includes taking antidiarrheal or laxative drugs. For painful constipation (absence of stool for 3 days or longer), the use of drugs based on lactulose is indicated. It is a synthetic structural isomer of milk sugar from the disaccharide group, consisting of the residual mass of fructose and galactose molecules. The funds of this group have practically no contraindications and can be used to eliminate constipation in children, including infants in the first year of life.

Laxatives based on lactulose include:

• Duphalac;
• "Good luck";
• "Lactulose syrup";
• Portalak;
• "Normase".

For diarrhea, if caused by an infectious agent, antimicrobials may be used drugs acting only in the intestinal lumen, for example, Enterofuril or Stopdiar based on nifuroxazide. For children, these preparations are available in the form of a banana-flavored suspension.

The traditional first-line drugs for the treatment of diarrhea in sigmoiditis are drugs based on loperamide: Imodium, Lopedium, Diara.

Do I need to take antibiotics?

With infectious sigmoiditis of bacterial origin, systemic antibiotics are usually not required. The desired therapeutic effect can be achieved by using selective drugs, which include nifuroxazide. In severe cases, antibiotics of the penicillin series can be prescribed: Ospamox, Flemoxin, Augmentin. Combinations of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are preferred, but the acidic component may be contraindicated in case of signs of mucosal ulceration, therefore, any antibiotics should be selected by the treating person doctor.

Adjunctive therapy

For the complex treatment of sigmoiditis, the prevention of its complications and relapses, the treatment regimen may include drugs with immunomodulatory effects, for example, "Immunal", "Interferon", "Echinacea extract", "Polyoxidonium". With significant weight loss against the background of chronic inflammation, vitamin therapy is indicated (a complex of vitamins is selected after laboratory diagnostics of blood and urine parameters).

In ischemic inflammation, the appointment of drugs that improve blood flow in the vessels of the sigmoid colon, as well as thrombolytics and drugs that relax smooth muscle fibers, is indicated. If the patient has signs of helminthiasis, treatment begins with taking antiparasitic drugs ("Vermox", "Dekaris"). Their purpose is shown only after the necessary diagnostics have been carried out, since even modern drugs of this group have a high degree of toxicity and can destroy hepatocytes (cells liver).

To achieve stable remission in chronic sigmoiditis, it is necessary to combine drug therapy with diet and exercise therapy. Outside of exacerbation, treatment with mineral waters can be used.

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