How to eat with pancreatic pancreatitis: foods, detailed menu

Nutritional therapy (also called diet therapy) is a specially formulated diet that it is prescribed for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes for people with chronic diseases of the digestive systems. The dietary menu for each category of patients is compiled taking into account the characteristics of the underlying disease, the presence concomitant pathologies, energy and nutritional value, providing physiological and age-related needs sick. In some cases, nutritional therapy is indicated only during the exacerbation period and is prescribed for short periods of time (up to 10-30 days), but most often a certain diet has to be adhered to constantly in order to avoid relapses and complications.

One of the diseases requiring correction of eating habits is pancreatitis. This is the most common pathology of the pancreas (the diagnosis rate is about 80.1% of the total number of diseases of the pancreas), characterized by partial fermentopathy and inflammation of the parenchyma organ. Acute pancreatitis can lead to purulent inflammation of the peritoneum, therefore, during this period, it is important to exclude the load on the pancreas by applying a strict diet or fasting. After stopping the acute process, the patient is assigned a treatment table, which must be adhered to from several weeks to several months and even years.

The acute phase is the most dangerous period

Acute pancreatitis belongs to surgical pathologies, since during the inflammatory process on the surface and in the tissues of the organ, pseudocysts. These are cystic formations that grow inside or around the pancreas, and the tissues of the stomach and other organs located in the immediate vicinity can become their walls. Periods of exacerbation are characterized by indomitable, profuse vomiting, which has an unpleasant odor and may contain pieces of undigested food, bile acids, and gastric juice. The patient also experiences severe pain in the epigastric region, describing his sensations as cramps or dagger-like pains.

Fasting is the mainstay of treatment during this period. It can last from 1 to 3 days. In severe cases, the patient is transferred to parenteral nutrition, which is supplied through a special venous catheter. This period can take up to 3-6 weeks (depending on how badly the head of the pancreas has suffered and whether the patient has signs of obstructive jaundice).

How to eat from the first to the third day?

Within 72 hours from the onset of an attack, any foods are excluded from the diet, since the most important task is the cessation of the production of digestive enzymes that begin to digest inflamed tissues organ. The selection of drinks during this period is also limited. It can be:

• dried apricot compote, light raisins or figs without added sugar;
• herbal tea made from linden, chamomile, lemon balm, mint;
• weak black or green tea (no more than 1-2 cups a day).

The main volume of consumed liquid should be clean drinking water without gas. The use of mineral hydrocarbonate waters is allowed, which must be heated to a temperature of 30-34 ° C. They should be taken in small portions (100-150 ml) 3-4 times a day.

Basic therapeutic and prophylactic diet

If the patient observes all the prescriptions of the attending physician, it is possible to stop the acute process 10 days after the onset of the attack. During this period, the patient is assigned a rigid diet using the principles of thermal, chemical and mechanical food sparing. The basic rules of nutrition during this period are given below.

1. The amount of a portion eaten at a time should not exceed 150-200 g. For drinks, this figure is 150 ml.
2. The temperature of the food served should be comfortable (about 32-36 ° C). Eating very cold food (such as ice cream) or food that is too hot is prohibited.
3. The consistency of the finished food should be liquid or semi-liquid (puree, mushy, soufflé).

It is advisable to cook food without adding oil and with a minimum amount of salt. Fresh fruits and vegetables are prohibited. You can bake apples, pears without a peel. You can make casseroles from banana pulp by mixing it with cottage cheese, or soufflé. From vegetables, a small amount of boiled carrots, potatoes or zucchini, grated to the consistency of mashed potatoes, is allowed. The meat should be boiled and then chopped with a blender or meat grinder. To prevent the meat gruel from being very dry, you can add a little broth to the meat during grinding, in which it was cooked.

In case of an acute inflammatory process, porridge should be prepared without adding whole milk (it is allowed to use milk diluted with boiled water in a 1: 1 ratio). Butter, honey and other additives are not added to the finished porridge until the acute inflammation is stopped. If desired, you can add a little fruit puree to the finished dish, but only if the porridge was boiled in water. Eggs, nuts, fatty foods are completely excluded from the diet, as are alcohol, carbonated drinks, coffee and berry fruit drinks.

How to make a menu correctly: an approximate option during a relapse

1. Breakfast: oatmeal porridge, unsweetened chamomile tea.
2. Lunch: cottage cheese soufflé with apple or peach puree.
3. Dinner: cauliflower soup with low-fat cheese and mashed beef.
4. Second lunch (1-1.5 hours after eating the first course): casserole of steamed rice and pureed vegetables with minced veal, dried apricot compote.
5. Afternoon snack: a glass of yogurt, "Maria" cookies (no more than 2 pieces).
6. Dinner: boiled chopped fish with mashed potatoes, tea.
7. Before bedtime: some natural yoghurt without additives (no more than 100 g).

Important! In total, 6-7 meals should be obtained per day. It is not recommended to eat the first dish (soup) and the second in one meal - it is better to take a break of 1-1.5 hours in order to reduce the load on the digestive organs.

Recurrent form of pathology

Therapeutic nutrition for chronic pancreatitis is not as strict as during an exacerbation, but certain restrictions are still present. The number of meals is reduced to 5-6 meals per day, and the maximum serving size can be increased by about 10-15%. If it is more comfortable for the patient to eat according to the routine that was used in the acute phase, it is allowed to use such a regime.

Animal products

It is still better to boil, stew or bake the meat and try not to eat it in large chunks. Meat products take longer to digest than other dishes (about 4-6 hours), so it is better to serve fish, vegetables or poultry for dinner instead of meat. An excellent choice for the diet of people with chronic pancreatitis would be veal, lamb, beef, and rabbit. High in protein and low in fat are found in chicken and chicken meat, as well as turkey and quail. Pork is allowed to be consumed no more than 1 time per week.

For any diseases of the pancreas, the following foods should be excluded from the menu:

• fatty meat and poultry (duck, goose);
• sausage and sausages;
• liver pate;
• stew;
• smoked meat (the exception is meat smoked on charcoal - you can eat it up to 100 g per week).

Advice! It is best to buy farm meat for the nutrition of people with pancreatitis, since chlorine and other additives that are used to process meat in stores negatively affect the functioning of the pancreas.

Chicken and quail eggs

Eggs can be eaten boiled or made into an omelet with a little milk. You can eat an egg with yolk 2-3 times a week. If a person eats more eggs, it is necessary to separate the protein and use only it for cooking, since the yolk contains a lot of cholesterol.

Note! The maximum amount of mineral salts is found in quail eggs.

Fish products and "seafood"

Any fish can be eaten, but it is important to limit fatty varieties to several times a week. Hake, perch, halibut, cod, pollock, navaga are excellent for daily nutrition. A couple of times a week, the menu can include mackerel, salmon, salmon, trout, pink salmon and other types of oily fish. It can be boiled, baked or stewed with a little water and vegetable oil.

With pancreatitis, you can not eat canned, salted and smoked fish, as well as dried seafood.

Sources of omega acids

Vegetable oil is an important food element for patients with pancreatitis, but its amount should not exceed 10-20 g per day. It is better to choose premium oils made by cold pressing - they contain more vitamins and amino acids useful for the brain.

Nuts for inflammation of the pancreas are contraindicated, as are various types of seeds.

Sources of vegetable fiber

After acute inflammation has subsided, a small amount of raw fruits and vegetables can be added to the diet, but they should still be chopped in a blender or grated. Vegetables are best consumed in casseroles.

The following fruits should be excluded from the diet:

• persimmon;
• grapes (all varieties);
• onion;
• spinach;
• sorrel;
• garlic.

Fresh cucumbers and citruses are allowed to be consumed in strictly limited quantities.

Drinks and milk products

You can choose any dairy products, but it is important to monitor their fat content.

Table. The maximum permissible fat percentage for a given category of food and drink.

Product	Maximum permissible fat content (fat content per 100 g)
Milk	2,5%
Sour cream	10%
Ryazhenka	4%
Kefir	1,5%
Cottage cheese	1,8-5%

Important! Some patients choose completely fat-free dairy products and drinks to keep their fat intake as low as possible. Gastroenterologists believe that such a choice will not only not benefit, but also harm health, since vitamin D belongs to fat-soluble vitamins and is absorbed only simultaneously with fats. The same is true for calcium: only 45% of the calcium found in low-fat dairy products is absorbed by the body, which can lead to its deficiency and the development of diseases of the musculoskeletal systems.

Two daily menu options

Option 1

1. Breakfast: omelet of two eggs with boiled chicken and tomatoes, tea.
2. Lunch: banana and peach puree.
3. Dinner: vegetable soup with turkey meatballs, steamed cutlets with steamed rice, compote.
4. Afternoon snack: a glass of fermented baked milk, 2 slices of marmalade on natural algae.
5. Dinner: cod steak with tomato sauce and boiled potatoes, herbal tea.
6. Before bedtime: half a glass of kefir.

Option 2

1. Breakfast: buckwheat porridge with pieces of ground dried apricots, a piece of black bread with a slice of cheese (fat content no more than 20%), tea.
2. Lunch: apple baked with honey.
3. Dinner: beetroot with beef, minced meat and zucchini casseroles with low-fat cream sauce, compote.
4. Afternoon snack: natural yoghurt, biscuits (2 pieces).
5. Dinner: curd casserole with oatmeal (pre-steamed), chamomile drink.
6. Before bedtime: half a glass of milk.

Pancreatitis is a disease that is amenable to conservative therapy, provided that the patient observes all the doctor's recommendations and the diet prescribed to him. Nutritional therapy helps to reduce the risk of relapses and exacerbations, normalize the functions of the pancreas, and improve digestion. It is necessary to adhere to the diet for at least three months, but according to individual indications, a therapeutic diet can be prescribed for a period of 6 months or more.

Video - Nutrition for pancreatitis