Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a chronic latent psychoneurological disease, very common among pathologies of the nervous system. In fact, every hundredth inhabitant on the globe is subject to the appearance of a phenomenon called an epileptic seizure. The incidence of epilepsy is on average 8-10% among the general population. That is, in fact, every twelfth person on the planet experiences micro-signs of epilepsy, thereby they are in the status - patients with epilepsy. This is 20 patients per 1000 healthy population, of which about 50 per 1000 people are babies who have had at least one attack of epilepsy with hyperthermia syndrome. And important is the fact that an extraordinary number of people do not even realize that they have certain symptoms of epilepsy.

Patients with epilepsy, who make up another large part of the population, who know about their ailment, simply hide their diagnosis. The desire to conceal one's illness is conditioned by the attitude of our society towards such people, it is often ambiguous and mostly negative. Patients with epilepsy are widely stigmatized in society, which affects them in all life spheres of activity( economic, social, cultural, moral and ethical, discrimination by society).So, for example, in the UK, right up to the seventies of the twentieth century, there was a law in operation that forbade people, sick with epileptic seizures, to enter into a legal marriage with healthy people. And today, in many modern and developed countries there are restrictions, even for people who are exposed and suffer to very light and controlled forms( prohibition to drive a car, choose a profession).

Epilepsy is characterized by typical repetition of seizures, different in character. There are analogues of attacks in the form of a sudden vozniknuvshey change in the mood of an individual - dysphoric or changes in consciousness - the twilight haze, somnambulism, entering the trance semi-comatose state, as characterized by personality changes with the development of dementia, epipsihozy with affective disorders( fear, sadness, aggression, delusions, Hallucinations).

Patients with epilepsy are located in a sudden spontaneous emergence of a convulsive character attacks( motor disturbances with temporary numbness, spheres of thought and vegetatiki) and loss of consciousness. Pathogenetically is explainable overexcitation sudden excessive neuronal connections( paroxysmal neuronal discharges) so formed convulsive hearth, provoking the attack of epilepsy is the result of organic or functional changes caused by changes in specific zonal areas of the cerebral cortex. In this case, there is no damage in the brain, only electroactivity changes in the cells of the nervous structures and the extreme threshold of the excitability of the human brain decreases. Such changes can be triggered by any pathologically influence, factor: ischemic injury circulation, perinatal pathology and fetal hypoxia, genetic predisposition, traumatic cranial injury, somatic or virological provoked disease, neoplasm, abnormal brain development, disorders real exchange history of stroke, toxic-chemical effects of various substances. It is in the focus of damage formed scar from a cyst in the middle, it is prone to the formation of edema, compression of adjacent structures than irritating the nerve endings of the motor zone - provoked spasms of skeletal muscles which, when spread across the cortex may result in loss of consciousness.

What about seizure, it manifests itself even at the lowest excitation in the focus or the lack of it at all - it's absences, manifested as short-term disconnection from the outside world without convulsive effects( this form is inherent in the younger age cohort).But there is another version of development, when the focus is voluminous, and convulsive readiness is minimal, then epipriphase passes with full or partially preserved consciousness.

It is the combination of a convulsive epileptically formed focus - focus and general readiness of the cerebral cortex to the coming seizures and form the epipresent itself. Sometimes, an epic is preceded by an aura( harbingers of an attack, very different from different people).

Congenital epilepsy of is often first seen during childhood( about 5-11 years) or youthful( 11-17 years) of age.

Epilepsy is classified as:

- Primary( idiopathic epilepsy), it has a benign course and is easily treatable, which allows the patient to completely eliminate the systematic administration of tablets.

- Secondary( symptomatic epilepsy), it develops after a damaging effect on the brain, its structural components, in violation of metabolism in the brain - the presence of somatic diseases in history. The development of secondary epilepsy occurs irrespective of the age factor, treatment with this variant is more difficult and complicated, but complete and absolute treatment is still possible even with this variant of epilepsy.

Also subdivided:

- Primary-generalized epipriples - they are bilateral and subject to symmetry, without focal phenomena in the occurrence. These are tonic-clonic episprints and absences.

- Partial seizures, the most common in the population and often manifested by pathological effects on the nerve cells of the brain. This simple partial( without coma), complex partial( with a change in consciousness, are often prone to further generalization), secondary generalized( debut them in the form of seizures attack or not, or absence from further dvubokim spread of seizures for all groups of skeletal muscles) Seizures.

- Jackson epilepsy is a form of the disease with somatomotor or somatosensory seizures. It can manifest itself locally or be transformed into a generalized form, embracing the entire body of a person.

- Posttraumatic episletiai - if there is a trauma to the skull in the patient's anamnesis, and as a consequence, it affects the entire brain.

- Alcoholic epilepsy - when alcohol-containing beverages and substances are misused, the cortex is damaged, the destruction of its structures. This condition is seen as a complication of alcoholism. The seizure itself is not related to the time interval of alcohol consumption, but is a consequence of a long process.

- Nocturnal epilepsy - manifested in a dream, with a snacking of the lingual muscle, spontaneous urination, nicture and uncontrolled defecation.

Epilepsy: What is it?

Epilepsy - is the so-called "falling sickness", because in the event of attack, the patient falls and beats to seizures, is a chronic, latent neuropsychiatric disease.

The main characteristic feature of epilepsy manifests itself as temporary, temporary attacks, which are short-lived and sudden, they can overtake the patient anywhere. According to the data provided by the World Health Organization, every hundredth inhabitant of the planet personally perceives epistemics, faces epileptic attacks or microsymptomatics, without clearly defined symptoms.

is important to note that the seizures, which are triggered by brain tumors - tumors of various malignancy, traumatic brain injury, infectious agents, not always indicate the diagnosis of epilepsy, and may be sporadic damaging pathologies. Therefore, it is important to diagnose epilepsy in time and differentiate it from other pathological conditions of the nervous system of the body.

usually preceded factors for this pathology is represented by the following positions: dissomnii - disorders in the sleep field, dizziness and migraine pain, noises and squeaks in the ears, a feeling of woodiness muscles of the tongue and lips, "a lump stuck in his throat," the loss of desire for food or noRefusal of any food intake, general weakness and sluggishness of the patient, excessive irritability to the arising factors for no reason.

post mortem examination determined that in the brains of people with epilepsy have a degenerative lesion of the ganglionic cells kariotsitoliticheskie phenomenon, education-shadows cells neuronophagia, proliferation of glial cells, disturbances in the synaptic apparatus neyrofibrilnoe swelling, education ", wasteland windows" in the nerve sprouts,"Bloating" of the dendritic processes. Such changes are most pronounced in the motor parts of the cerebral hemispheres, the sensitive region, the hippocampal gyrus, the almond-shaped body, the reticuloformation nuclei. But such changes are not species-specific, which does not allow for the right to diagnose epilepsy sectionally.

Pathology, under the nosological name "epilepsy" is known to mankind since ancient times. And to the present day we have documented historical data of those days, that many great personalities suffered from epilepsy: Julius Caesar, Napoleon Bonaparte, Dante Algieri, Nobel.

Epilepsy: causes of

The exact causal factors of epilepsy are unknown and to date, it is assumed that the main provocative risk factor is a hereditary predisposition - up to 40% of all reported cases of epi-seizures in patients whose relatives had a history of the disease.

To the group of causative factors causing epilepsy, refer in particular:

- craniocerebral traumatic conditions, obtained both at birth and throughout the entire conscious life;

- ischemic injury and stroke, especially these factors are affected by older people due to their organisms;

- infectious diseases of the brain, etiopathogenetically provoked by viral, bacterially associated and parasitic agents( eg, meningitis, meningococcemia, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, brain abscess);

- neoplasm - tumors in the brain;

- multiple sclerosis;

- insufficient intake of oxygen( oxygenation) to ensure normal functioning and disturbance of cerebral circulation by the vascular system, in other words - vascular pathology of the central nervous system;

- abuse of some medicinal strong drugs: antidepressants, antipsychotics, sedatives, antibiotic medications and bronchodilators;

- the use of narcotic drugs( especially strong influence from amphetamines, cocaine, ephedrine, due to their strong tropism to the brain tissues and the ability to overcome the blood-brain barrier);

- hereditary pathologies associated with the disturbance of metabolites of the body;

- often epi-seizures can occur in newborns at a critical temperature increase, but it is important to understand that this is not a starting factor in the future;

is a child of up to twelve years of age, the most frequent epilepsy for the manifestation of the disease;

- older cohort of the older generation - more than sixty years, due to the progressive weakness of the brain functions;

- complications of the perinatal period;

- postnatal trauma;

is a genetically determined factor;

- osteochondrosis in the cervical spine of a person with the development of vertebro-basilar insufficiency;

- chronic abuse of alcohol-containing substances;

is an antiphospholipid syndrome.

Epilepsy: symptoms and signs

As a rule, the symptomatology is individual for each individual, but it depends on the affected areas of the brain, and the symptom complex itself reflects the functions of this department directly related to the affected area. May occur with epilepsy: motor disorders, speech system pathology, hypotension or hypertonia, dysfunction of the psychological sphere.

Types of epi-seizures:

- Jacksonian papifits are a pathological lesion limited by locally defined zonal boundaries in the brain, without touching adjacent ones, therefore the symptomatology is only apparent for specifically affected muscle groups. Such clinical disorders are short-lived and in a matter of minutes virtually complete recovery occurs. A person is in confused consciousness, but communication with others is not possible to establish, a person is not aware of the violations occurring at a particular moment, and rejects attempts offered by strangers to provide assistance. Twitching by the type of convulsions or numbness from the hands, feet or lower leg, with possible spreading further along the trunk or passing into a large generalized convulsive attack, which consists of such phases:

• Harbinger is an aura( pathologically disturbing arising, condition), with an increase in the nervousOverexcitation( the pathological focus of activity in the brain expands, encompassing new neighboring zones);

• Tonic cramps - all musculature suddenly, lightning and sharply straining, the head throws back, the person falls to the ground, the body arches and stiffs, the breath stops and the skin turns blue, lasts from 30 seconds to a minute;

• Clonic convulsions - the muscles quickly contract rhythmically, hypersalivation and foam appear at the mouth, lasting up to 5 minutes;

• Stupor - in a pathologically arisen focus, instead of activity, an intensive slowdown and inhibition starts, the entire muscular system abruptly relaxes, unintended withdrawal of urine, defecation, loss of consciousness, reflexes are not caused, duration is up to 30 minutes;

• The last phase of sleep. After waking up, for several more days a patient with epilepsy is tormented by head migraine pains, weakness, impaired motor sphere.

- Small seizures are less intense and they represent a series of twitching, contraction of facial expressions, a sharp hypotone - as a result, a person falls to the ground and freezes, but consciousness persists, seldom there may be a brief off -set - absence( fading and rolling eyes) or vice versaTension of all muscle groups. Small seizures are characteristic in childhood.

- Epileptic status is a series of seizures, not a long time range, in the intervals between attacks the patient does not regain consciousness, the tone is lowered, no reflexes are observed, the pupils are dilated or narrowed( or of different sizes), the pulse is frequent or threadlike. Increases hypoxia and swelling of the tissue structure of the brain, with irreversible lesions in the future, up to a fatal outcome. Lack of timely medical intervention can lead to irreversibly arising changes in the human body and psyche, and also, in severe cases, to death.

The sequence of the symptom complex after the onset of the aura and further loss of consciousness includes the following manifestations, characteristic of most epizrustic subtypes:

- sudden sudden drop in the patient;

- a cry due to spasmodic vomiting;

- head tilt, tension of trunk, arms and legs;

- intermittent hoarse or noisy breathing with apnea and swelling of the vessels of the neck;

- pallor of the skin or its blue;

- convulsive compression of jaws;

- prickly muscle movements;

- tongue lancing, foamy discharge from the mouth, sometimes along with bloody leakage, due to biting of the mucous membranes of the cheeks or tongue;

- weakening of cramps and complete relaxation of the body, plunging into deep sleep.

All seizures begin and end very lightning fast and spontaneously.

Symptoms of aura in partial seizures: discomfort in the epigastric region, marbling of the skin, excessive sweating, skin hyperemia, piloerection, pupillary narrowing, in the eyes of the effect of bright sparks and shining tapes, visual hallucinations, macro- or micro- or hemianopia, amaurosis, snuffAnd visual( "bad" bad smell, taste of blood or metallic taste in the mouth, bitter taste changes), auditory hallucinations( noise, crackling, rustling phenomena, playing music, piercing cries), experiences without reasonAbout the character( fear, despair, horror or, on the contrary, bliss and euphoria, joy), palpitations, pains in the chest, increased peristaltic activity, a feeling of nausea, a feeling of suffocation, uncontrollable head and eyeballs in completely different directions and sides, There are involuntary sucking and chewing contractions, uttering suddenly any phrases and shouting meaningless phrases, chills in warm weather, "crawling on the body goosebumps" and parasthesia of the trunk.

In children, epipriplets are characterized by sudden and short-term stops in gaming, talking, "freezing on the spot", the lack of any reaction to the appeal to the child.

Classification of epilepsy according to symptoms:

- In newborns: manifested in general discontent, irritability, headaches, and, most importantly, in violation of appetite.

- The temporal form: the symptoms are expressed in multifaceted paroxysms with a characteristic aura( nausea, abdominal pain, cardialgia, arrhythmias, disorientation, euphoria, panic, fear, attempts to escape, severe personality disorders, allergy, pathology of the genital area, electrolyte balance disorders and metabolismMetabolites).

- Epilepsy of childhood: rhythmic convulsions, apnea of ​​different duration, involuntary urination and defecation, severe muscle hypertonia, disorder and twitching of legs and hands, wrinkling and stretching of lips, rolling of the eyes.

- Absensate form: sudden fading, absent or gaze, lack of any response to stimuli.

- Rolandic form. Symptoms are typical: paresthesia of the laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles, cheeks, there is no sensitivity in the gums and tongue, "knocking teeth", "trembling in the tongue", speech difficulties, hypersalivation, night convulsions.

- Myoclonic form: twitching and epipriposition occur overnight.

- Post-traumatic form: the symptomatology is the same, but the peculiarity is that it manifests itself after several years from getting a trauma to the skull.

- Alcoholic epilepsy: after prolonged abuse of "hot" beverages.

- Bessondorozhnaya form of epilepsy: a common variant of the course of epilepsy, symptoms are manifested in the form of twilight consciousness and hallucinations, delusional ideas, mental disorders. Hallucinations have intimidating symptoms and this can provoke an attack on surrounding people and the desire to cause injuries, which is often deplorable for the patient himself, even to death.

It is important to consider the options for psychological personality changes in epilepsy:

- Changes in character, appear: excessive self-love;pedantry;punctuality;Remorse;Vindictiveness;Active social position;Propensity to pathological attachment;"Confluence into childhood."

- Thoughtful violations: stiffness and slowness of thoughts, "their viscosity";The propensity to detail unnecessary factors;Desire to describe events as much as possible;Perseveration.

- Permanent emotion disorders: impulsivity;Explosiveness;Softness and desire to please everyone, as a consequence of vulnerability.

- Impairment of memory and intellectual abilities: cognitive disorders;Epileptic dementia.

- Change of interested spheres, change of temperament type: excessive instinct of self-preservation;Slowing of mental processes;Prevalence of moody mood.

Epilepsy: diagnosis

Diagnostic complex includes the following items:

- Detailed anamnestic survey, with an emphasis on hereditary pathological predisposition. There is a temporary occurrence( age characteristics), the frequency, the already formed symptom complex.

- Conduct a neurological examination, identifying such symptoms: headache, which can serve as a repellent factor for organic brain damage.

- MRI, CT and positron emission tomography are mandatory.

- The main method is electroencephalography, to record altered electrical brain activity. On the electroencephalogram, the so-called "peak-wave"( a set of pathological focal complexes) or the slow-wave waves that are not identical in symmetry are sought. The most frequent variants of waves: sharp, a complex of "peak-slow" and "peak-sharp-slow".With excessively high convulsive readiness of the brain, it is possible to judge by the generalized high-amplitude groupings of several "peak-waves" with a frequency of 3 Hertz( this frequency is typical for absences).

But it is important to know that epiaktivity can be and as a normal human condition, under certain circumstances, in 10% of healthy people. While out of the emerging epipripade in patients with this pathology, a normal picture is observed in 42% of cases. To exclude such a second EEG surveys, samples with provocations, a multi-hour video-electro-encephalogram monitoring are carried out again. On modern devices, there is the possibility not only to detect a pathological rhythm, but also to find the place of localization of such a focus of convulsive readiness, with respect to brain segments.

- General blood analysis biochemical - for the determination of metabolic disturbances in the bloodstream.

- Consultations of the ophthalmologist for examination of visual disks for edema( with increased intracephalus pressure) and determination of the state of the vessels of the fundus.

Types of epileptic seizures

Epilepsy can manifest itself in a variety of types that are classified:

1. Due to the initial cause of their debutation( primary and secondary epicartin, against provocative factors);

2. In the place of localization of the original cause of brain damage, with the formation of pathological electrical focal activity( localization in both hemispheres and in the deep regions of the brain);

3. According to the development of events in the event of epipriposition( that is, by keeping the patient in consciousness or losing it altogether).

There is a generally accepted classification of epicasures, according to her share:

1) .Partial-local epiphystones, which when formed form a zone of excessive pathological excitability in parts of the cerebral cortex, the symptomatic complex caused by which varies depending on the affected zone by the pathological process( these are motor, sensitive pathology, vegetative and psychoemotional disorders).They can also be:

- Simple( without disabling the human consciousness, but in which a person completely loses control over a certain part of his or her torso, sensations can be interpreted by the person himself as unusually unpleasant and unfamiliar).They are:

1. Motor: focal without a march;Focal Jacksonian with a march;Postural;Adversive;Disturbances of the speech apparatus, up to the complete disappearance of the possibility of speaking-the temporary stopping of speech abilities.

2. Somatosensory seizures, which are characterized by the development of a special sensory symptomatology of the hallucinatory type: somatosensitive;Visual;Auditory;Snuff;Flavoring;With stupefying thoughts.

3. Seizures are vegetative-visceral, with side effects for the organ systems of the body: epigastric pain, sweating, congestion or pallor of the face, mydriasis or miosis of the pupils.

4. Attacks with a pathological change in a person's mental state, disruption of normal functioning. Rather seldom does the sphere of consciousness turn off. They are divided into: dysphasic;Demnestic;With violation of the possibility of normal thinking;Affective( horror, fear, vindictiveness, anger);Illusions;Complex volumetric hallucinations in reality.

- Complicated seizures( with the unconsciousness switched off in the event of epipriposition, it is possible both complete and partial loss of consciousness).A person does not realize his location and changes taking place with him, does not control his movements of the trunk. Subspecies are divided into the following:

1. The combination of a simple epiprip with further disabling of the functioning of the mind: the beginning with a simple attack or with automatisms;Debuts immediately with a disorder of awareness: only with such a disconnection or even with motor chaotic processes.

2. Epipripples with secondary generalization of processes: simple ones that gravitate to complex ones, and then into general skeletal contractions;Complex, immediately passing into generalized;Simple partial, making the transition to complex, and furthergeneration.

2) .Absenses are the characters, in their majority( 97%), it is the children's cohort of the population, which is manifested by the stopping of activity( falling asleep, fading with an icy look, eyelids and mimic muscles twitch at the same time).Separated by:

- Typical absence: with mental disorders;With clonic, atonic, tonic manifestations;With uncontrolled movements;With vegetative childhood.

- Atypical absences: tone tends more towards the side of hyper-deflection;Their onset is gradual, unlike typical epicas.

3) .Unclassified epicasis( do not fall under any of the above groups, due to lack of information about them, here also include neonatal atypical).

In the children's group, the classification characteristics are slightly different, therefore they are divided into separate groups:

• Depends on the localization zone:

- Primary with age-associative onset occurrence):

1. Benign variant in infants with centro-temporal ascents.

2. Epilepsy with paroxysms of the occipital type.

3. Primary epistibles when reading.

- Symptomatic:

1. Chronic, prone to rapid progression.

2. Syndrome with seizures from provocative factors from the outside( partial seizures of unexpected awakening or expansive influence).Affects the epilepsy area of ​​a variety of parts of the brain: frontal, parietal, occiput and temporal.

4. Cryptogenic.

• Generalized epileptics of childhood:

- Primary with age-associated debut of onset:

1. Neonatal family and primary non-convulsions.

2. Myoclonic epilepsy.

3. Absensal form.

4. Juvenile absence and myoclonic.

5. With grind-seizures of seizures when departing from sleep.

6. Reflex, with seizures from specific provocation.

7. Cryptogenic.

8. Vesta and Lennox-Gastaut Syndromes.

9. With myoclonic anastomoses.

- Based on the symptomatic complex:

1. Uncharacteristic etiopathogenesis: early myoclonic epinephalopathy;Early infantile epinephalopathy with determination on the electroencephalogram of complexes "flash-extinction".

2. Other epilepsies, not outlined above. Episondromes with signs of both focal and generalized: non-convulsions, myoclonic form of early childhood, with long-term "peak waves" that are recorded in sleep, acquired Landau-Kleffner epiphasia, other forms.

3. Specific syndromic phenomena( that is, closely related to a particular situation and caused by them febrile convulsions or cramps in acute metabolic metabolic disorders, or isolated seizures).

Epilepsy: first aid in case of attack

Having become an eyewitness to an epiprip, any person who is close to you is simply obliged to provide first aid, perhaps it will depend on this whether the person survives. To this end, there are entire free-of-charge courses programs organized by the state, included in the list of general educational institutions and medical higher educational institutions, anyone can have the opportunity to learn from them.

Algorithm for performing the first medical aid first, look like this:

- To protect the injured person from injury by epizootic, with his fall to the floor and cramps( remove stitching, hard, cutting objects).

- Quickly remove and remove from the victim pressing items of clothing( belts, ties, scarves, unfasten buttons).

- To prevent tongue slipping and apnea with suffocation on this background, it is necessary to turn the head sideways and slightly to prevent, keeping hands and feet during epipriposition, not trying to forcibly keep the patient. Put soft things under the head and trunk so that the victim does not fight hard on the ground and does not hurt himself even more.

- Do not try to unfasten the teeth with strong force and insert solid objects, this can only injure both the patient and the person who is helping at that particular moment( bite, knocking out teeth, snorting the object, swallowing it and dying of suffocation).Do not try to do artificially conducted mouth-to-mouth breathing during an epiprip. It is better between the teeth to insert a soft rag or towel to protect the tongue from bites and teeth from breaking. And, in any case, do not try to give a drink - the patient will choke.

- Sets the time to determine the duration of epiprip.

- Call an ambulance to provide immediate, qualified assistance.

- It is important to remember that if a patient falls asleep after an attack, do not wake him up right away, you need to let his nervous system "rest".

Epilepsy: treatment

The main thing is to make a diagnosis in time and only then to start therapeutic measures, to prevent negative side effects from antiepileptic drugs and rational selection of tactics. It is important to determine with the attending physician whether to be treated on an outpatient basis or go to a hospital( neurological, psychiatric, general with a specific department) is a very important fact, especially if a person requires round-the-clock monitoring and prevention of harm to themselves or others.

Therapeutic activities have the following objectives:

- Anesthetize epicasis, if the patient is experiencing pain, this can be leveled by systematic regular intake of anticonvulsant or analgesics, regular intake of food enriched with calcium and magnesium.

- Prevent the emergence of new epicas, by surgical intervention or drug-medication correction by oral medications.

- Reduce the frequency of epicasis.

- Reduce the duration of individual seizures.

- Achieve the abolition of drug use.

- Minimize the side effects of treatment.

- Secure people who are dangerous to society.

Treatment of epilepsy is carried out both on an outpatient basis, under the supervision of a neurologist or psychiatrist, or permanently - in hospitals or departments of neurology, psychiatric hospitals.

Before beginning treatment it is important to determine the sequence:

- Differential diagnosis of epilepsy subspecies, for the most effectively selected treatment regimen.

- Finding the etiopathogenetic complex.

- Epistatus cupping and first aid, using anticonvulsant drugs. It is important that the patient clearly comply with medical prescriptions.

Medicamentally used:

• Anticonvulsant - anticonvulsants, which are used to reduce the frequency, duration of epicas, and can also completely, in some cases, prevent the occurrence of seizures. These are Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Levetiracetam, Ethosuximide.

• Neurotropic drugs that have the properties of oppression or, on the contrary, stimulation of impulse nervous excitation transfer along the processes of the nervous glia of the cerebral cortex.

• Psychotropic - change a person's psychological status and the very functioning of the nervous system.

• The racemic group is a psychoactive nootropic drug.

Non-pharmacological methods for the treatment of epilepsy: surgical intervention for neurosurgery( complex operations performed under local anesthesia so that the functional capacity of the brain areas - motor, speech, visual) can be controlled, Wojta technique, ketogenic diet.

During the period of medical treatment, the following rules should be adhered to:

- Strict adherence to the time of taking medications, without spontaneous change of dosage.

- Do not take other medications on your own without consulting a doctor.

- Do not discontinue treatment without the permission of a neurologist.

- In a timely manner, notify the doctor of any unusual symptoms and any shifts in mood and personal well-being.

Antiepileptic drugs help to suppress disease in 63% of patients, in 18% - to reduce clinical manifestations.

Unfortunately, until today there is no way of completely healing, but, having picked up the correct therapeutic tactics of management of the patient, achieve the elimination of epi-seizures in 60-80% of cases.

The therapeutic complex is a long, regular therapeutic moment of a person's life.

Epilepsy: prognosis of

Medically administered therapeutic actions can significantly alleviate the lives of people suffering from epilepsy, in the best case scenario - completely eliminate the seizures of grand mal in 50% of cases and achieve a significant reduction, their recurrence and frequency of another 35%.With the development of epithealing petit mal, their complete elimination is achieved with proper treatment in only 40% of patients, and minimizing the incidence in 35% of cases. Accordingly, with psychomotor epiprids, complete elimination - in 35%, a decrease in frequency - in 50%.In the total number of patients with whom anticonvulsant therapy has helped to fully recover in social terms and to get rid of debilitating epicasis is about 50%.The prognosis becomes even more favorable if there are no signs of organic damage to the brain.

The prognosis of epilepsy is often encouraging, because if it was rationally conducted and, at the time of the applicable treatment, then 80% of people do not cause this inconvenience to life, they can live an active life in all respects without any special restrictions, Social, cultural. But many still need and must adhere to a life-long medication, to prevent epicas in general.

A person with epi-seizures may need to be separated from driving cars, trains, planes, that is, many professions will not be available, as well as work at altitude, with life-threatening substances and other similar restrictions.

The prognosis of epilepsy for complete recovery can be given at once, but do not despair if such a prognosis is disappointing, because at any moment everything can change with proper therapy and constant observation from an epileptologist, psychiatrist or neurologist.

Therefore, the forecast for the future life also directly depends on the desire of such a person to fight for their opportunities in society and to lead a healthy lifestyle constantly, to prevent unforeseen consequences and epileptic seizures.

Epilepsy is curable due to scientifically conducted research achievements;Application of the newest, the most modern anti-epileptic medicinal preparations;Educational and social programs;Professionalism of doctors;Public assistance to the state to create and access methods of research and treatment in public medical institutions.