What diseases are related to infectious lung destruction? To the inflammatory process with pathology, which is caused by the presence of decay and necrosis of the lung tissue by the influence of pathogenic microorganisms, such diseases include abscesses, gangrene of the lung, destructive pneumonia or abscessed pneumonia.


The main forms of infectious destruction are undoubtedly gangrene and lung abscess.

Lung abscess is a cavity that is somewhat delimited by the formation of purulent fusion of the tissues of this lung.

Gangrene of the lung - this is a more complex pathology, which is characterized by ichorous( putrefactive) decay and extensive necrosis of lung tissue. In this case, there is no clear delineation and rapid melting.

Gangrenous abscess of the lung is a transitional form from abscess to gangrene, in which decay and necrosis of lung tissues is less common than it happens during gangrene. In addition, a cavity with sequestrants is formed in the lung tissue, which slowly melts.

The destruction of the lungs in children is not quite the same as the above-mentioned forms, so it has a different approach and a separate consideration.

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Etiology or causes and effects of infectious lung destruction

Pathogens:

  1. Anaerobic microorganisms that do not form a spore.
  2. Staphylococcus aureus.
  3. Aerobic gram-negative microflora formed by rod-shaped bacteria.
  4. Streptococcus, which can lead to the disintegration of the lung.
Pathogenesis or development and onset of the disease in its individual manifestations

Infectious agents can enter lung tissue through:

  1. Nose, during breathing.
  2. Oral cavity, in the presence of such diseases as: gingivitis, periodontitis, caries, Staphylococcus aureus, and also a number of different microorganisms.
  3. Open lung damage.


Important aspiration of infected material, i.e., removal of emetic masses and mucus from the nasopharynx and oral cavity:

1. Such conditions are created primarily for people prone to developing a favorable area for infection:

  • to alcoholics;
  • to epileptics;
  • to persons who have a swallowing act damage;
  • to people with the presence of a gastroesophageal reflex;
  • with some problems in the application of anesthesia and in a number of other cases.

2. For the following diseases and symptoms:

  • anaerobic etiology of lung destruction;
  • chronic obstructive bronchial disease;
  • intrabronchial infection;
  • mechanical bronchial injury;
  • influenza;
  • diabetes mellitus;
  • diseases of the hematopoietic organs;
  • for temporary use of corticosteroids;Immunosuppressive drugs;Cytostatics and other similar drugs.

During hematogenous( through blood) and pulmonary infection, microorganisms enter the capillaries of the lung and settle there.

What subsequently leads to such diseases as:

  1. Bacteremia.
  2. Embolism of the branches of the pulmonary artery.
  3. The appearance of an abscess.
  4. Repeated bronchogenic infection of the aseptic lung and the appearance of a foci with necrosis in the tissues associated with clotting of the artery by clots;

An important role in the pathogenesis of destruction, necrosis and further decay of lung tissue is played by:

  • toxins;
  • thrombosis and embolism;
  • as a result, ischemia.

Foci, which appeared due to infectious destruction, are caused by a pathological manifestation on the whole organism of the patient.

These pathologies include:

  1. Purulent-resorptive intoxication.
  2. Fever.
  3. The defeat of the toxins of the parenchymal organs, that is, the aggregate of cells that provide the basic functions of the body: cardiomyocytes( hearts), hepatocytes of the liver, neurons of the spinal cord and brain.
  4. Suppression of immunogenesis and hematopoiesis;
  5. Hypoproteinemia.
  6. Violation of water-salt metabolism.
  7. Loss of huge amounts of electrolytes and protein.
  8. Dense purulent or ichorous exudate.
  9. Violation of the function of the liver.
  10. Hypoxemia.

Anatomy of the pathology of

In different forms of destruction of the structure( destruction) in the early days, the following symptoms are noted:

1. Bulk infiltration, affected by lesions of the lung tissue:

  • airless, dense and have a gray appearance.

2. Mini-infiltration of lung tissue:

  • exudate with a large number of polynucleated leukocytes;
  • clearance in the alveolus.

3. Extended blood vessels, sometimes clots.

4. Abscess:

  • purulent fusion of pulmonary tissue;
  • the appearance of a cavity with a spherical shape.

5. Breakthrough pus in the draining bronchi:

  • cavity decreases;
  • decreases infiltration in its circumference;
  • formed a pyogenic membrane( wall of an abscess);
  • scars.

6. Cupping:

  • formation of a cyst-like cavity;
  • the pyogenic membrane is preserved;

7. Formation of gangrene:

  • is a massive necrosis zone that is not prone to rapid rejection or melting;
  • pulmonary tissue is grayish-black in color, it can be brown;
  • flabby consistency;
  • multiple formation of cavities with a deformed form that contain tissue detritus and pus( ichoric);

During gangrenous decomposition in the area of ​​this decomposition, in the presence of detritus, a lot of blood pigment and elastic fibers are manifested. From the site of destruction, closer to the periphery, leukocyte infiltration is detected, which does not have sufficiently clear boundaries and passes into untouched lung tissue.

In the presence of a gangrenous abscess in the area of ​​destruction, a drainage, rather large cavity appears with receding masses and often free sequestration of lung tissue.

With a suitable process and correct bias, the necrotic substrate gradually melts and separates, including from untouched pulmonary tissue. Subsequently, a pyogenic membrane is formed. Similarly, there is a process with gangrenous abscess, the truth of complete closure of the cavity, in principle, never happens.

Classification of

1. The etiology is subdivided according to the causative agent of the infection.

2. Pathogenesis:

  • is bronchogenic;
  • aspiration;
  • is hematogenous;
  • traumatic lung destruction.

3. Clinical and morphological indications:

  • purulent abscess;
  • of gangrene of lung;
  • gangrenous abscess: central and peripheral.

Clinical indications

This disease is most common in such individuals:

  1. Male gender of middle age.
  2. Most of the alcoholics.
  3. In patients with a mild abscess: it starts immediately acute and chills, fever, pain in the chest.

At first, before the pus penetrates into the bronchi, as well as the initial emptying of the abscess, there is basically no coughing or it is quite insignificant, with spitting phlegm and pus discoloration.

In the affected area, the following factors appear:

  1. Dullness of percussion sound.
  2. Weakened breathing.
  3. Noise of friction of the pleura.
  4. Leukocytosis.
  5. Homogeneous shading on the radiographic image.

Once the pus penetrates through the bronchus, and the purulent cavity is emptied, the clinical picture is considered commensurate. With natural drainage, the patient immediately begins to cough up a lot of purulent sputum.

Clinical picture:

  1. Body temperature decreases.
  2. Improvement of well-being.
  3. Blood counts are normalized.
  4. The image clearly reveals a roundish cavity with a horizontal surface.
  5. The cavity is reduced, and the level of the liquid is increased.

Within three months the general condition of the patient becomes positive.

Healing of infectious lung destruction

  1. Drainage of suppuration.
  2. Removing pathological contents.
  3. Etiotropic effect.
  4. Enhance the protective functions of the body.
  5. Elimination of endotoxicosis.
  6. Operative radical treatment.