Perianal dermatitis: photos, symptoms, treatment

Perianal dermatitis is manifested by an inflammatory process in the anal region and is accompanied by hyperemia, edema and excruciating itching.

This form of the disease can be allergic, contact, fungal and bacterial in nature. The most common provoking factors are cracks in the anus, inflammation, hemorrhoids, enterobiasis and dysbiosis. The analysis of the perianal scraping with subsequent symptomatic treatment is of primary importance in diagnosis.

This form of dermatitis can occur in patients of different ages and genders. In newborns, symptoms are often associated with poor hygiene, in adult patients perianal dermatitis can develop as a result of pathological processes in the large intestine and direct intestines.

Causes of the disease

In newborn babies, the symptoms of the inflammatory process in the perianal folds are similar to the pattern of a diaper dermatitis that develops upon contact with diapers, dirty clothes, accidental injury to the delicate skin of the anus child.

Symptoms of perianal dermatitis are triggered by the following factors:

• prolapse of hemorrhoids;
• dysbiosis;
• underwear made of synthetic fabrics;
• enterobiasis;
• anal fissures with subsequent scratching;
• bowel diseases (proctitis, colitis, paraproctitis, etc.);

• mechanical damage to the anal area contributes to secondary infection, as a result of which fungal dermatosis is possible;
• "Driver's syndrome" is an abscessed form of fistular perianal inflammatory process, which is observed during prolonged driving in a car or on a horse.

Patients with an allergic predisposition often suffer from perianal dermatitis, since a decrease immune forces with a simultaneous suppression of tissue barrier functions contribute to easier penetration infections. Similar symptoms can be present in infants, HIV-positive people and the elderly.

Common symptoms of the disease

The perianal form of dermatitis has characteristic symptoms:

• the appearance of unbearable itching in the anus;
• the inflamed area is swollen, hyperemic and slightly compacted (pictured);

• a watery rash may appear;
• with hemorrhoids, pain syndrome is possible;
• erosive ulceration, which subsequently crust over.

If perianal dermatitis lasts a long time, then the buttocks may be involved in the inflammation process. At the same time, there is a sharp reddening of the skin with ulceration, as well as a deterioration in the general condition of the patient.

Symptoms for the forms of perianal dermatitis:

At ALLERGIC FORM perianal dermatitis symptoms are expressed by the appearance of vesicles with transparent contents and severe itching (pictured). As a rule, negative symptoms disappear as the allergens are eliminated.

At FUNGAL DEVELOPMENT perianal dermatitis, there is redness in the perineum and peeling of the skin at the site of the lesion. The inflammatory focus has clear uneven forms, which can be covered with a white bloom (pictured) and a fine blistering rash.

BACTERIAL DEVELOPMENT accompanied by unbearable itching, flushing of the skin at the site of inflammation, up to erosive formations (pictured). Purulent vesicles can open up on their own, followed by the formation of crusts. In some cases, an increased body temperature is possible.

"JEEP DISEASE" characterized by the spread of multiple purulent vesicles, which are able to open up on their own. As a rule, after this, a long-term non-healing ulcerative surface remains. The complications of this form of the disease include the appearance of fistulous tracts, which requires the obligatory intervention of a surgeon.

Diagnostics

The diagnostic examination begins with the collection of the necessary anamnesis, taking into account the symptoms of the disease and the patient's complaints. In addition, the laboratory response to dysbiosis and fungal microflora is assessed.

The doctor can prescribe a number of necessary examinations to the patient, which include:

• ultrasound;
• radiography;
• coprogram results;
• performing colonoscopy and rectogram.

Based on the results of the examination, the doctor prescribes individual treatment, taking into account the characteristics of the disease.

Tactics for the treatment of dermatitis in children

Before starting treatment for a child, it is necessary to consult all specialists and especially a proctologist and dermatologist, since only a highly qualified specialist can establish an accurate diagnosis.

The perianal form of dermatitis negatively affects the emotional state of the child. He loses appetite, sleep is disturbed, anxiety and agitation are possible, and in some cases even a delay in physical development.

First of all, various antipruritic ointments are prescribed to relieve acute symptoms, but it should be remembered that perianal dermatitis should be treated taking into account the individual characteristics of the baby. As a rule, external drugs are prescribed that have antipruritic and anti-inflammatory effects. These include:

• Bepanten;
• Drapolen;
• Clotrimoxazole, etc.

If a small patient has such concomitant diseases as dysbiosis and enterobiasis, it is necessary to prevent helminthiasis. For this, the use of Pirantel is recommended, which is the most effective among the group of these drugs. In addition, it is recommended to consume plenty of fluids and especially pomegranate and carrot juices.

With any method of treating children, it is mandatory to observe hygienic care for the anal area. It is recommended to wear underwear made from natural fabrics, use hypoallergenic diapers and wash the anal area several times a day.

With an allergic form of dermatitis, it is recommended to take antihistamines (Diazolin, Tavegil, etc.). Further treatment depends on the nature of the disease.

Perianal dermatitis is effectively treated with traditional medicine (decoctions, lotions, creams, medicinal baths, oils, etc.).

The most common traditional medicine recipes are:

SEA BUCKTHORN OIL. It is necessary to rinse and dry the sea buckthorn berries and pass them through a juicer. The resulting juice is filtered and poured into an opaque container, which is infused for 24 hours. After that, it is necessary to collect a liquid oil base from the surface of the solution, which should be used to treat the areas affected by dermatitis.

BREW FOR BATHING. It is recommended to take equal amounts of black tea, St. John's wort, chamomile flowers, oak bark and pour 4 tablespoons of the herbal mixture of 1 liter. hot water. The solution is infused for 1 hour, after which it is added to the bath when bathing. It is important to consider that herbal solutions are used only in the absence of purulent skin lesions.

It must be remembered that, despite the fact that treatment with folk recipes is practically safe, nevertheless, consultation with the attending physician is required. Only he can adequately assess the severity of the development of symptoms, especially in a child.

Treatment of perianal dermatitis in adults

Treatment of perianal dermatitis is based on external treatment of the affected areas and, if necessary, the use of medications orally. This comprehensive treatment promotes rapid recovery. Often, local antiseptic preparations with the addition of zinc (Dexpanthenol, etc.) are used for the fastest healing.

Most often, the perianal form of dermatitis is treated with the following antibacterial drugs:

• Mycoseptin;
• Candide;
• Triderm;
• Kanesten.

Quite often, Triderm is used in the treatment of dermatitis, which has earned positive reviews from patients. However, it should be borne in mind that Triderm can cause intolerance, manifested by allergic rashes on the face, limbs, etc., which is also confirmed by reviews. In addition, Triderm should not be used by children under 2 years of age and pregnant women.

Symptoms of dermatosis provoked by BACTERIAL INFECTION, in addition to antibacterial ointments, are removed with a solution of brilliant green, blue or Fukortsin.

If the cause of dermatitis is ENTEROBIOSIS, anthelmintics are prescribed:

• Nourished;
• Medamin;
• Vermox;
• Pirantel;
• Piperazine.

Perianal dermatitis usually requires the appointment of antihistamines (Claritin, Zodak, Loratadin, etc.). These products effectively relieve swelling and itching in the anal area. If it is impossible to neutralize the symptoms of dermatitis with local drugs, the doctor may prescribe antimycotic and antibiotic therapy.

Of the rectal drugs, the most commonly prescribed are:

DOLOPROKT. This cream is used rectally, 2 times a day for 1-2 weeks. It reduces the inflammatory-allergic reaction, while relieving swelling and pain.

AUROBIN. Ointment for rectal use is recommended for patients to neutralize the inflammatory process, relieve burning and itching, as well as for quick healing.

Olestezin. This drug comes in the form of rectal suppositories. Appointed 2 p. during the day in a course of 10-12 days.

If the diagnosis of perianal dermatitis has revealed the mycotic nature of the development of the disease, Candide, Clotrimaxozole, Nizoral, Exoderil, etc. are prescribed.

IN SEVERE DEVELOPMENT OF PERIANAL DERMATITIS, external glucocorticosteroids (Prednisolone, Hydrocortisone, etc.) may be prescribed. The weakest of this group of drugs is hydrocortisone. However, it should be remembered that, despite the fact that the drug has a milder effect, it has the same contraindications as all drugs in this group. In addition, hydrocortisone should not be used in children under 2 years of age.

AT HOME you can use herbal baths. With cracks in the anal canal and exacerbation of hemorrhoids, it is recommended to introduce suppositories cut from raw peeled potatoes. Patients with a weakened immune system are shown a course of vitamin therapy. In addition, physiotherapy using ultrasonic waves, laser therapy and magnetotherapy is recommended.

It must be remembered that the development of the perianal form of dermatitis can be avoided by performing elementary preventive measures (wearing natural tissues, timely sanitation of chronic foci of inflammation, personal hygiene). In addition, in the event of the first unpleasant manifestations, it is recommended to consult a proctologist and dermatologist.