First pre-hospital care in case of traumatic brain injury

Head injuries occur due to severe damage to the skull. They can be of different types, depending on the severity of the wound. First aid in cases of head injury can not only improve a person's condition, but also save his life. The most common causes of injuries are:

• car accidents;
• a strong blow to the head with something solid( ice, stone);
• drop off the bike.

How the cerebral trauma of

manifests itself. You can detect craniocerebral trauma by its distinctive symptoms, which usually appear gradually. As a rule, after getting injured a person loses consciousness for a while.

After the patient regains consciousness, he will have a nagging headache, severe nausea and vomiting. In more severe cases, it is difficult for a person to speak and walk. At the same time, his speech will be incoherent, and his face will acquire a reddish tinge. With a sharp rise to his feet, he will be dizzy, and dumb limbs.

If the bones of the skull or soft tissues are severely damaged, a hematoma or bleeding may appear on the head. Also, fragments of bones can be seen. If a person has a temporal lobe of the head, then it may have seizures, partial or complete loss of memory and sensitivity( the patient will not feel pain).If the first aid was not timely provided for head injuries, the patient may develop mental pathologies, strabismus, hearing or vision impairment.

First aid

Quite often people get lost at the sight of the injured person, because they simply do not know what to do if they have a head injury. The first aid procedure includes the following:

1. Carefully put the injured person on a flat surface with his back down.
2. If a person is unconscious or unconscious, he must be turned slowly to the right side to allow vomit to safely exit( so that the person does not suffocate lying on his back),
3. Inspect the wound. If it bleeds, a clean( preferably sterile) bandage should be applied from above. If fragments of bones are seen from the wound, then a dressing should be applied around the wound, without affecting the protruding particles. To probe the pulse and heart rate.
4. Check the patient's airway for blood clots, broken teeth, etc., which may interfere with normal breathing. If so, carefully remove them from the mouth.
5. If a person does not have a pulse, then you need to do an indirect heart massage.
6. With closed wound( hematoma) apply cold. It will help reduce pain and swelling.

Rules for the transportation of a patient with brain injury

In order not to harm a person, after a traumatic brain injury, it should be transported only when lying down. Thus the person should be reliably fixed by belts to a couch, differently in case of an attack of seizures it can fall or do much harm to itself.

When to call an ambulance

What should I do if my head is hurt? Call an ambulance at the first suspicion of injury, especially if it is accompanied by manifestations such as bleeding, seizures, severe headaches or speech disorders. The danger of such a trauma is that sometimes it can appear only after a few days, so it is better not to allow complications and to contact the doctor in time. After TBI a few days later, dizziness, nausea, or vomiting may appear. In this case, you need to call an ambulance urgently.

What can not be done with a brain injury

It is very important in case of head injury that does not harm the patient. To do this, remember that the victim can not be lifted and try to plant. It should be in a reclining position.

It is also important to remember that even if a person claims to be okay, he should not get up, because in a shocked state the patient simply may not feel the symptoms of the injury.

If the victim has foreign objects( glass, iron) or splinters of bone protruding from the wound, then they do not need to be removed on their own, as this can cause severe bleeding.

It is also important not to leave the patient without constant supervision, as at any moment his condition can change dramatically( a heart attack, loss of consciousness, a convulsive syndrome may occur).First aid for craniocerebral trauma is aimed at stabilizing the general condition of a person.

Important! Carry out an independent medication( giving painkillers anesthetics or administering pain medication) is strictly prohibited, as only an experienced doctor should prescribe medicines.

It is very important to use a sterile dressing during first aid in case of traumatic brain injury, otherwise you can put an infection into the brain tissue that will cause blood infection.

Basic rules for the provision of emergency care for head injury should be known to every conscious person in order to be able to help the victim if necessary. After rendering assistance, the injured person should be observed by the doctor. If there was a head injury in a child, parents should carefully monitor his condition.