Diabetes mellitus type 2 and its treatment
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease caused by a decrease in the sensitivity of human tissues to insulin. A characteristic manifestation of diabetes mellitus is a violation of the metabolism of carbohydrates with an increase in the level of glucose in the blood.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine diseases. Its frequency varies on average in the region of 1, 5-3%, increasing in developed countries( up to 5-6%).On the planet, there are about 200 million people with diabetes, while 90% of them have diabetes mellitus of the second type. Often, type 2 diabetes mellitus is affected by persons whose age exceeds 45 years. The maximum percentage of the incidence of this disease can be observed in obese people. Thus, people with a moderate propensity to obesity have a frequency 4 times higher, and people with the most pronounced obesity have a frequency that has increased by 30 times.

Diabetes occurs when the body does not react appropriately to insulin. This condition is called "insulin resistance"( a decrease in sensitivity to insulin).In comparison with people with type 1 diabetes, people with type 2 diabetes are characterized by continuing insulin production( occasionally it is produced in a number higher than physiological), but insulin loses its ability to react with cells and help absorb glucose from the blood.

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The true cause of type 2 diabetes is not defined. According to modern studies, the cause of its development is considered to be the change in the sensitivity and number of receptors for insulin( there is a reaction of the receptors with insulin, and a decrease in their number decreases the tissue sensitivity of insulin in relation to insulin).There are a number of conditions and factors that increase the risk of an increase in diabetes due to the growth of tissue resistance against insulin.

Factors in that lose resistance to the body

  • Insulin resistance increases by about 30% during maturation, due to the influence of growth hormones.
  • Women. It is generally accepted that women have the greatest propensity to increase resistance, in comparison with men.
  • Race. Resistance to insulin in African Americans is 30% higher than in other races.
  • Obesity.

Diabetes of the second type is sometimes found in members of the same family, but it was not possible to find out its true nature( determine the factor genetically).

The main symptoms of the disease are

  • The most frequent urination, in comparison with the usual;
  • Thirst;
  • Increased hunger;
  • Increase in the number of urine;
  • Weakness;
  • Decreased body weight or fast dialing.

The remaining signs of the disease include

  • Frequent infection;
  • Numbness and tingling of the legs and hands;
  • The formation of hard-to-recover ulcers;
  • Progressive decline in vision.

To confirm the emergence of a suspicion in the presence of an observed patient with diabetes mellitus type 2, determine the amount of sugar in the urine and blood. In most situations, diabetes is diagnosed when the patient already has complications, i.e., about 5-7 years after the onset of the illness. In this case, experts of the American Association of Diabetics were asked to introduce the next criteria for diagnosing the disease, which help to determine diabetes at an early stage.

In the case of plasma fasting glucose

  • Below 6, 1 mmol / l - there is no hyperglycemia, and then there is no diabetes.
  • In the range of 6, 1-7, 0 mmol / l - worsened fasting glycemia.
  • More than 7, 0 mmol / l - the initial diagnosis of the disease, but with further confirmation.

Such conditions as impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glycemia are not rarely considered as pre-diabetes and require follow-up and preventive treatment.

Consider the second type of diabetes and its treatment.

His treatment includes: physical activity, diet, drugs that lower the concentration of glucose in the blood.

In the treatment of type 2 diabetes, diet is of great importance. In some situations, the problem of the disease can be solved completely without medication. Often, patients who suffer from type 2 diabetes are overweight, for this reason, the main goal of the doctor in the case of a diet is to reduce the patient's weight.

Consider the main principles of the

  • diet Exclusion of easily assimilated carbohydrates( sweet fruits, sweets, bakery products);
  • Separation of food intake for 4-6 small portions throughout the day;
  • 50% fat is required to have a vegetable origin;
  • The diet must satisfy the body's nutritional needs;
  • The strictest mode of food intake;
  • Daily consumption of vegetables.

It is advisable to use such products with diabetes

  • Lean meat;
  • Bread is about 200 grams, mostly black;
  • Greens and vegetables. Carrots and potatoes should preferably be consumed in quantities not exceeding 200 grams per day. And other vegetables( cucumbers, cabbage, tomatoes, etc.) can be consumed almost unlimitedly.
  • Berries and fruits of sweet and sour and acid varieties about 300 grams per day;
  • Drinks. Black and green tea is allowed, milk is allowed, not very strong coffee, tomato juice, fruit and berry juices from sour varieties.

The purpose of physical exercises in the disease of type 2 diabetes, like diet, is, on the one hand, weight reduction, and on the other - a reduction in the risk of complications. Patients are allowed dynamic loads of medium intensity. For example, such as charging, walking, swimming. The duration of exercise should be no more than half an hour.