Polyp of the gallbladder

Polyp is a benign neoplasm that occurs from the mucous membrane of an organ. Polyps can be formed on different organs, including the gallbladder. They occur quite often, moreover, in half of cases this disease lives in parallel with the gallstones. Most of the disease affects women under the age of 30 years.

Types of polyps of the bile organ

There are several types of polyps:

  1. Polyp of an inflammatory nature. It is formed from a growing granulation tissue, the mucosa of which has undergone an inflammatory process.
  2. Papilloma. It is a tumor of the mucous membrane of a benign benign character, which in appearance is a drooping outgrowth.
  3. Cholesterol polyp. This formation is not dangling, but represents a slight elevation on the mucosa with deposits of cholesterol.
  4. Adenoma of the gallbladder. In this case, we speak of polypoid growths of a benign character on the glandular tissue.

Symptoms of polyps and their diagnosis

As a rule, patients do not express obvious complaints about their health. When there are polyps, there is a possibility of manifesting common symptoms: there may be intolerance of some products, slight discomfort behind the right rib. Most often, polyps are found when examining the body with the help of ultrasound. In this case, white dots from polyps are visible on the screen, against the background of the outline of the gallbladder, since they do not give a shadow with ultrasound radiation.

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A second method of examining a patient and detecting polyps is endoscopic ultrasonography. The essence of the method is that the patient swallows a long endoscope tube with a small ultrasound sensor at the end, through which one can inspect the state of the bladder. After that, the device is pushed further and through the duodenum enters the gallbladder. With such a survey it is possible to look through all the details.

Treatment of bile organ polyps

Unfortunately, polyps on the biliary organ can be cured only through surgical intervention.

Indications for operation

Surgical intervention is performed only when there are indisputable reasons for the operation, namely:

  1. If the polyps rather strongly signal their presence: bring severe discomfort or pain to the patient, then they perform the removal, not the polyps themselves,but the entire gallbladder.
  2. If the size of the detected polyps is more than 10 mm, then they must be urgently removed, as there is a risk of converting them into polyps of malignant nature.
  3. Also, the removal of polyps should be carried out in the case when they are constantly growing. To begin with, ultrasound is performed, according to the results of which, the sizes of polyps and their development are judged. Polyps that have a leg and their size of at least 10 mm are examined through ultrasound for two years every six months. Then the inspection can be done less often - once a year. If the growth of the polyp is noticed during this time, it will need to be removed. If the patient has polyps without a leg, which seem to rise above the gallbladder mucosa, then they need to be controlled much more often - every 3 months for 2 years. Then, if there is no growth, control can be carried out once a year. But if the polyp appreciably increases in size, it is removed. This frequency of control is due to the fact that it is these polyps that are prone to degeneration into malignant formations.

Performing the operation

You can delete polyps in two ways.

The first is the complete removal of polyps by cutting the entire gallbladder. And this procedure is called laparoscopic holicystecomia.

The second method is called endoscopic polypectomy and reduces to removing only polyps. The gallbladder does not touch. But this method appeared relatively recently, because it is recommended with caution.

After surgery, the patient must comply with the 5 th diet, in which you should avoid cholesterol-containing foods, fried and fatty, limit yourself in the health department and visit a sanatorium.