Exacerbation of colitis of the intestine: symptoms, treatment
Colitis - aAn inflammatory disease that affects the mucous membrane of the colon. As a result of pathology, there is a change in the structure of the intestinal mucosa with disorders of its secretory and motor functions. In the clinical picture of chronic colitis, periods of exacerbation and remission are isolated. Exacerbation of colitis is usually characterized by severe symptoms and the need for hospitalization of the patient in a hospital.
In the acute stage of colitis, electrolyte disturbances and dehydration often develop. At the same time, the quality of human life is seriously affected, which often leads to weakness, general ailments, a depressed mood and insomnia. To determine the exacerbation of chronic colitis is not difficult - this can be judged by the increased symptomatology of the disease.
Causes of exacerbation of colitis
Precisely to say, why there is an exacerbation of colitis, no doctor can. It is known that in every fifth patient colitis is diagnosed by a related line, that is, the genetic factor plays an important role in the development of this pathology of the gastrointestinal tract.
But most often acute colitis of the intestine is the result of the pathogenetic action of viruses and bacteria. However, exacerbation of the disease can cause gastroenteritis, various poisoning, enzyme disorders, helminthiosis, bad habits, prolonged use of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs. More details on how to restore the intestines after taking antibiotics โ
Conditions for exacerbation of chronic colitis
Symptoms of exacerbation of colitis usually occur when the following conditions exist:
- alcohol abuse;
- stresses and disturbances;
- decreased immune defense against the background of infectious pathologies;
- hypovitaminosis, vitamin deficiency;
- low-calorie "hungry" diets;
- inadequate quantity in the diet of fruits and vegetables.
Symptoms of acute colitis can occur again against other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract: gastritis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis and hepatitis.
Symptoms of
The first symptom of acute colitis usually becomes a difficulty directly related to the act of defecation - most often it is tenesmus, or false urge to empty the intestine.
In this case, the patient feels the true urge to defecate, but as a result, the stool masses are either absent or their volume is minimal. At the same time, they have a liquid base mixed with dense lumps, often an admixture of mucous discharge and traces of blood are added to them.
In some cases, exacerbation occurs with alternating alternation of diarrhea and constipation. Less often - only against the background of constipation.
Symptoms of acute colitis of the intestine, in addition to tenesmus, are accompanied by pain in the abdominal cramping and meteorism. If the inflammatory process is pronounced, intestinal spasms will be more intense. In the advanced stage, acute colitis is accompanied by weakness, headache and fever, a general disturbance of well-being.
The aggravation of the disease, as a rule, has an individual character and is directly dependent on a complex set of predisposing factors. Much depends not only on the cause of the pathology, but also on the structural degenerative-inflammatory lesions of the colonic mucosa, the presence of concomitant pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract in the patient.
Symptoms of acute colitis of secondary origin are almost always accompanied by diarrhea. Diarrhea can be mild or severe, with the presence of pus, mucus or blood in the stool. In this case, there are multiple and strong urge to defecate.
Exacerbation of the disease can continue for quite a long time if the pathology affects a large area of โโthe large intestine.
First aid for exacerbation of colitis
The stage of exacerbation of colitis starts unexpectedly, so most patients are not ready for this. The onset of the disease is acute. It begins with severe cramping pains and diarrhea, less often - constipation. When these signs of pathology appear, which can last from several days to a week, you need to urgently call a doctor.
Prior to his arrival should alleviate the condition of the patient, using the following guidelines:
- help reduce pain warmer or hot water bottle applied to the stomach area for some time.
- For vomiting and diarrhea, it is advisable to take activated charcoal at the rate of 1 tablet for every 10 kg of human body weight. If the pathology, on the contrary, is accompanied by constipation, you should take Senada or decoction of Senna( vegetable laxatives).
- With a severe attack accompanied by fever, bed rest is needed.
- You should not eat any food, as damaged tissues of the colon can not function normally without medical assistance.
The above methods of first aid can smooth out the acute onset of the disease, characteristic of exacerbation of colitis. But if you postpone the treatment of a disease and do not seek medical help, all these symptoms will soon return again, but in an even more complicated form. Therefore, it is recommended not to start the disease and not to refuse treatment if symptoms of exacerbation of colitis temporarily subsided.
Treatment of
Treatment of acute colitis should be conducted taking into account the causes of the disease that triggered its onset. In addition to gross violations of diet and psychoemotional loads, exacerbation of colitis often causes infectious agents - viruses and bacteria. Treatment of exacerbation of colitis is aimed at normalizing the intestinal microflora, eliminating diarrheal disorders and fighting with dehydration.
Treatment of acute colitis includes the following pharmacological effects:
- antibacterial and antimicrobial drugs( Tetracycline, Erythromycin, furazolidone, Enterofuril et al.).
- Spazmolitichesie preparations( Nospanum, drotaverine hydrochloride, papaverine hydrochloride, Platifillin).
- Cholagogue preparations provided concomitant gallbladder pathology( Hofitol, Allochol, Holosas, etc.).
- Vitaminotherapy( B vitamins and nicotinic acid, aimed at restoring the damaged mucous colon).
- Enzyme preparations( Mezim, Creon, Panzinorm).
- Anthelmintic preparations under condition of confirmed helminthic invasion( Vermox, Decaris).
Preparations for the treatment of acute intestinal colitis can be complemented by other means of symptomatic character. For example, adsorbents, reducing gassing in the intestine and neutralizing toxins in the body. Most often, activated carbon, Smecta or Neosmectite is assigned for this purpose.
Exacerbation of the disease, accompanied by constipation, requires the use of drugs aimed at removing unnecessary feces from the body. These can be laxatives of plant origin( Senada), saline laxatives( Bisacodyl, magnesium sulphate), stimulants of peristalsis( Dokuzat). Treatment of acute colitis should be performed under the strict supervision of a physician. Self-medication is excluded.
Diet during the exacerbation
diet in acute intestinal colitis prohibits the consumption of raw fruits and vegetables, salt and dairy products should be limited in the diet, and irritant gas-forming foods( beans, cabbage).
Nutrition in colitis in exacerbation should be regular, at least 5 times a day, preferably shredded food, boiled or steamed. It is important to comply with the drinking regime, consuming at least 2 liters of clean water a day.
As the state of health improves, the diet during colitis during the period of exacerbation begins to gradually expand.
In the first hours from the onset of the disease, it is recommended that you refuse to take any food, providing the intestines with complete peace. It is allowed to drink more liquid in the form of green tea and broth of rose hips.
Starting from the second day, you can eat often, but in small portions. Diet in acute colitis requires a gentle relation to the mucosa of the colon, so dishes cooked during the exacerbation of the disease, should not provoke the processes of putrefaction and fermentation in the intestine, enhance gas formation.
The diet for acute colitis can include low-fat broths and soups, fish and meat steamed meatballs, meatballs with chopped meat and rice, liquid porridges on water, liquid vegetable purees, wiped low-fat cottage cheese and various jelly. It is necessary to exclude from the diet fatty dairy products, milk, fried and canned foods, salty foods, flour and confectionery, fresh berries and fruits( can be replaced with boiled).
Patients with chronic colitis are advised to follow a diet for life to prevent relapse of the disease.
Prophylaxis
Persons with chronic colitis are shown sanatorium treatment, ideally in sanatoria of Essentuki, Pyatigorsk and Kislovodsk. Here, the therapeutic effect of baths and lavage of the intestine, microclysters with the use of biologically active substances.
Physiotherapy is recommended in the form of magnetotherapy, acupuncture and mud applications.
General recommendations for the prevention of exacerbations of chronic colitis:
- compliance with diet;
- refusal of alcohol;
- timely treatment of gums and teeth;
- compliance with hand and body hygiene;
- treatment of acute colitis, gastritis, duodenitis and other pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract;
- sufficient physical activity;
- compliance with safety standards in hazardous production.
Prevention and treatment of acute colitis symptoms is also a change in lifestyle. To remission of the disease continued as long as possible, it is important to give up any bad habits, fatigue, stress factors, prevent congestion in the intestines, strengthen immunity and lead a healthy lifestyle. Timely treatment of symptoms of acute colitis is also one of the important stages in the prevention of the disease.
Author: Olga Rogozhkina, doctor,
specially for Moizhivot.ru