Down Syndrome

Children with Down's syndrome have always been born, but this syndrome was first described by the English doctor John Down in 1886.And already the secret of this syndrome - an extra forty-seventh chromosome was discovered in 1959 by the French geneticist Jerome Lejeune. The extra chromosome is the result of a disruption in the maturation of the sex cells. This pathology is not uncommon. On average, one case for 700 newborns, but thanks to prenatal diagnosis, the birth of children with Down syndrome decreased to one in 1,100 babies.

Causes of

Causes until the end are not established, but the doctors withdrew the category of women at risk:
- Late pregnancy( ageMothers directly affect the birth of a child with Down syndrome, since 80% of children with this syndrome are born in women of 35 years of age)
- Multiple births
- Presence of people with Down syndrome
- Cases events during the formation of gametes and pregnancy diagnosis

Medicine to diagnose the presence of Down's syndrome in early pregnancy. Diagnosis includes testing( amniocentesis, chorion biopsy, cordocentesis), which will help to determine whether the future fetus is affected by this syndrome. To do this, the cells of pregnancy are studied under a microscope and the set of chromosomes is counted. The essence lies in the study of cells of the chorion - the future placenta or fetal epithelial cells floating in the amniotic fluid. If there are forty-seven chromosomes in the fetus and three of them are 21st, the future child will have Down syndrome.

Amniocentesis and chorion biopsy are considered risky examinations. In the womb, women are injected with medical instruments that can damage the walls of the uterus, the fetus, lead to miscarriage of

. Symptoms of

. They are so unique that it is impossible to confuse with any other genetic disease. Children with Down syndrome do not look like parents, but they are similar to each other. Most of the symptoms are noticeable at birth, but with adulthood they are more pronounced.
- One of the symptoms is a delay in mental and physical development( people with Down syndrome remain at the level of development of a seven-year-old child)
- Dysplasia of bone( low growth of people), muscle hypotension, shortening of all fingers
- Characterized by slanted eyes, Tongue, flat face and occiput
- Cardiac heart disease
- Changes in dermatoglyphics( "monkey", or four-finger fold on palm)
- Small head, short neck and deformed ears
- Failure to reproAs well as the treatment of concomitant diseases is possible, because a child with Down's syndrome is born with a whole bunch of defects. After the birth of a child, a medical examination is conducted to confirm the diagnosis and determine the related problems. The pediatrician tactfully on the second day should report a suspected diagnosis to both parents. During this period the newly-made parents especially need psychological support and help. And only after two to three weeks is the analysis of the test for detecting a karyotype - a chromosome set in a baby - becomes known. If the diagnosis is confirmed, then with first days, help the baby adapt to a new life, and doctors will follow the development of the child and the appearance of diseases characteristic for this syndrome. Follow the doctor's recommendations and take the proposed tests. If there are congenital malformations,

surgery is performed. Prospects of

The development of a child with Down's syndrome depends on both congenital factors and the way in which the child is engaged. Children with this pathology are trained, but require more attention and patience in the learning process.
In children with such pathology immunity is very weakened. They are susceptible to various infections, pneumonia, often suffer from cardiac diseases, Alzheimer's disease .Life expectancy with Down syndrome increased to fifty or more years. Many people marry. Men are mostly barren, but women can have children.