Colon polyps

Polyposis of the colon is a serious disease characterized by multiple polyp lesions on the mucosa of different parts of the colon. Colon polyps have a high malignancy index, that is, often turns into intestinal cancer. Often polyposis is combined with various extraintestinal manifestations of endodermal, ectodermal and mesodermal origin.

Clinic and diagnosis of colon polyps

Diagnosis is based on the symptoms of a disease, a patient's history, sigmoidoscopy and a colonoscopy, and also after a thorough X-ray examination. The main clinical symptom associated with the increase in the size of the polyp is the appearance of unstable pains in the lower abdomen, mainly in its left half, abundant discharge of blood with feces, diarrhea. Often, based on these symptoms, a false diagnosis is made - "acute dysentery."The family of this disease and the characteristic rectoscopic picture of acute polyposis make it possible to timely diagnose correctly. This can sometimes be done even before bacteriological research. Due to a loose stool and intestinal bleeding, the patient develops anemia, accompanied by loss of electrolytes, weight loss and general weakness. When studying the composition of blood - the content of potassium, chloride, sodium, magnesium and calcium, there is a decrease in the value of cell potassium and plasma sodium, as well as a decrease in the concentration of magnesium and calcium. This is associated with frequent diarrhea in this contingent of patients, as well as with restrictions in food and general intoxication of the body.

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Changes in the composition of blood and blood-forming organs with such diagnoses as polyps in the colon can lead to blood and protein loss, a violation in the absorption of folic acid, vitamins K and B12, as well as inflammation and other causes. With total polyposis, the prothrombin index decreases in some patients, down to 60%.This directly indicates a violation of the basic functional activity of the liver. There was also a decrease in the ability of blood to clot and increased antithrombin activity. Malignancy of polyps leads to an increase in blood clotting due to thromboplastin activity.

Treatment of polyposis of the colon

The polyp gut itself, as already noted, is a precancerous state with a high index of malignant transformations. Currently, the only effective treatment for this disease is radical surgical intervention. It is aimed at removing the affected area or the entire colon. It is possible to maintain the rectum or its anal canal with the sphincter. The polyp from the colon is removed both before the operation itself, and during and even after it through the rectoscope. Such intervention allows to restore the naturalness of intestinal contents by imposing an ileorektal anastomosis, as well as by anti-peristaltic use of all the right divisions of the colon directly.

Conservative treatment is suitable only for a small group of patients with a rare type of uncomplicated total polyposis of the gastrointestinal tract without malignancy and bleeding. Also, this is relevant for patients mostly mature and elderly with a number of serious concomitant diseases, which are absolutely contraindicated in any surgical intervention.