Implantation of teeth: stages and types

Implantation of teeth is an advanced technology that allows to restore the natural functionality and aesthetic appearance of the oral cavity.The use of reliable fasteners and identical natural enamel crowns can forever forget about gold and silver teeth, restore bite after bruises, bumps and injuries.Recently, a good choice of materials and technologies has appeared, that is why people are increasingly interested in what are the stages of dental implantation, whether it is a painful procedure, what is the service life of structures, etc.Before considering the stages, you should familiarize yourself with the types of structures, the features of the fasteners and the rules for choosing the appropriate implantation technology.

Types of implants

All designs have a different shape, size, embedding technology, service life, material, etc. Consider the most popular types:

1. Plate .Such a system is used in the narrow jawbone of a patient.Fill a large enough space, so not popular.
   

   Plate implant

2. Root-shaped .The most common kind.Has a cylindrical or conical shape with a special thread.If the patient's bone is characterized by sufficient width and height, then installation is not difficult and is the least traumatic.Otherwise, an additional service will be required - the build-up of bone tissue with the help of the "sinus lifting" technique.Also, such structures are rarely rejected by the body, since they have balanced dimensions, close to physiological ones.
   Implants of the root type are programmed for severe loads( crushing, chewing, etc.), they are also aesthetic and natural.
3. Combined .These types of dental implants are a combination of the previous options.They have large dimensions, require a painstaking installation, and are also rarely used.
4. Subperiostal .Such a system is massive and is used in extreme cases, when the bone tissue in the area is too thin.
5. Mini-implants. Miniature designs of root-shaped implants allow stabilizing removable prostheses.
6. Special root stabilization system .

Design features of the implant

In dental practice, cases of rejection of foreign structures often occur, which is accompanied by unpleasant symptoms( discomfort during chewing, prolonged pain, inflammation, etc.).To avoid this, the implant system should be selected correctly.

For the manufacture of dental implants recently used medical alloy of titanium.It is his inherent increased strength and durability with physiological compatibility with the bone.He successfully survives in more than 93% of cases.

implant design Despite the fact that the same basic component is used in production, the designs differ from manufacturer to manufacturer.The structure of the implant contains a connector element, which can have a hexagonal or conical shape.It is this element that helps to fix the crown to the abutment.Hexagonal form is considered morally obsolete.But the Morse cone connection, on the contrary, has been improved and offers a number of advantages:

• the longest service life, the strength of the connection;
• connection of the implant and abutment occurs without the presence of a micro-slot, which makes the system stable, to prevent loosening and breaking in the place of attachment;
• no gaps( as opposed to hexagonal joints), which avoids the ingestion of residues of products and saliva into the structure and, as a consequence, to avoid bad breath, inflammation in the oral cavity, bacterial imbalance in the gastrointestinal tract;
• conical structures repeat the physiological structure of the bone, so the bite and chewing load is uniform throughout the implant surface, and the gum is reliably protected from mechanical injuries.

Selection of the implant system

As a rule, the implant specialist selects the most effective system, crown size, attachment method, etc.But he is obliged to provide complete information from the manufacturer of the design, because this will depend on the stages of implantation of the tooth and the quality of the final work.It is the dentist who selects the most effective system, the size of the crown, the method of attachment, etc. The

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Let's see what characteristics affect these factors:

• equipment that allows you to manufacture fastening systems and crowns;
• technology and scientific innovations that are applied by the manufacturer;
• place of implantation( metropolitan dental centers often recruit more professional and experienced implantologists, unlike a small suburban clinic);
• import or local production of materials( the best quality is currently demonstrated by Europe);
• possibility of combining structures with plastic procedures;
• availability of all comfortable conditions( efficiency and painless installation, excellent survival rate, good aesthetic performance, durability and long service life, availability and warranty period);
• availability of product certificates.

Current implantation technologies

There are several modern techniques.Keep in mind that the process is not always associated with surgical intervention.

Consider the basic implantation technologies:

1. Intralucosal .It is used for the most qualitative and durable installation of removable structures( prostheses) in the case of an underdeveloped alveolar process, pathologies of sky development.It implies the use of metal push-button materials in which the prosthesis is planted.
2. Intraosseous .
   

   Intraosseous implantation

   This technology allows the introduction of various designs( cylindrical, plate, conical, etc.).An incision is made in the soft tissues and periosteum, after which the implant is implanted directly into the bone.

3. Subperiostal .The dentist forms a cast from the patient's jawbone to produce an individual system.Implants for teeth are made by casting.The finished version is mounted under the periosteum, which allows to carry out the procedure even in the case of defects and injuries of the jaw, mass loss of teeth.
   The design is used for all types of prosthetics.
4. Intraosseous-subperiosteal .Intricate technology allows you to mount structures consisting of neck, head, sub-and endostal part.A complex system combines the advantages of other technologies, getting rid of shortcomings.Mounted material in the anterior zone of the jaw in case of loss of several teeth.
5. Intra-teeth-intraosseous. Allows to avoid unnatural mobility of teeth in the diagnosis of diseases( periodontitis, periodontitis, etc.) and in case of damage or splitting of the crown.The technology makes it possible to make teeth more resilient, in which the root element has been removed.The design implies the use of pins made of metal.
6. Submucosal .This technology requires pre-installation of magnets under the mucosa of the oral cavity.This allows to stabilize and fix the prosthesis most reliably.

The main stages of the tooth implantation process

We examined what are implants for teeth, possible fastening systems and factors affecting the quality of the installation.

We now turn to the main stages of the technological process:

1. Planning .This stage is the primary, regardless of the materials and systems selected, the expert's experience and working conditions.Consultation of an implantologist involves visual examination of the oral cavity, X-ray and other examinations to identify the natural anatomy of the jaw and dentition.
   

   The planning stage of dental implantation includes consultation of the dentist and other specialists

   Planning A competent doctor will send you in addition to the narrow specialists who will check the complex state of health, will identify possible contraindications.After all, one of the stages of implantation is surgical intervention, and this is always a stress for the body.

   It is also necessary to consult an anesthesiologist who will determine the presence of an allergy to an anesthetic and will select the necessary doses.
   At this stage, the need for the procedure, the methods of mounting the structure, the types, shape and color of the crowns, other personal requirements of the patient are discussed.
2. Operative intervention .Dental implantation is carried out at this stage under local anesthesia.The tooth root of the titanium alloy is implanted in the jaw bone, which makes it possible to create a support for the construction.In some cases, prior treatment is necessary( pathology of bone development, increased brittleness, subtlety, insufficient size for manipulation, etc.).
   

   Implantation of teeth

   Here it is necessary to use a bone plastic called "sinus lifting".Also often in the dentition there is not enough room for a new element.In all these situations, osteoplastic structures or membranes are additionally introduced.The duration of the stage is up to 1 hour.

3. Installation of the abutment.The stage implies minimal surgical intervention in a small area of ​​the mucosa.A week after its installation, you can complete the implantation.
4. Orthopedic part .The implantologist installs on the abutment a bridge or removable prosthesis, a crown.

Implantation is a stress for the body, so read more about process technology, types of designs, indications and consequences, which will help to avoid unexpected situations in the future.