Pancreas resection: indications and consequences of surgery
Each human body has its own function and performs important functions. Is it possible to live without any of them? The pancreas is one of the largest organs of the abdominal cavity. It synthesizes hormones and enzymes, without which it is not possible to digest and assimilate nutrients. This organ consists of small glands, which are connected by ducts. It is in these glands that the necessary substances are synthesized. Therefore, the removal of the pancreas can dramatically change the life of the patient.
When should surgery be performed?
Pancreatic diseases develop due to excessive consumption of alcohol, fatty foods, smoking, infections, autoimmune damage, injuries, toxins and other causes. The disease can begin after a prolonged dysfunction of the stomach, gallbladder, duodenum. The cause can serve as a spasm of sphincters of the pancreas, obstruction or swelling of the ducts, disturbance of blood circulation, as a result of which the gland juice is thrown back. These factors lead to the emergence of such pathology: acute purulent-non -ctrotic pancreatitis, the formation of cysts, abscesses, hematomas, pseudocysts, oncological benign and malignant diseases of the organ.
An attack can be triggered by the ingestion of fatty fried foods, alcohol consumption, stress or infection.
In any, even the most complex pathology, the body tries to maintain, conduct intensive infusion therapy, medical treatment, physiotherapy.
If the above methods are ineffective, deterioration of the condition progresses, resort to a pancreas resection. Removal of the gland is complete and partial.
Distal resection of the pancreas is indicated with :
- progression of pain;
- appearance of mechanical jaundice;
- formation of concrements in the gallbladder and ducts;
- presence of fistula, tumor, cyst, pseudocyst;
- organ trauma;
- massive bleeding;
Samples of the removed tissue are sent for histological examination, which results in the determination of further tactics. If a malignant tumor is detected, a complete examination of the body for metastases is necessary. Complete resection is performed with: extensive injuries of the pancreas, destructive pancreatitis, multiple tumors.
Stages of operation
Pancreas resection is one of the most complex operations in surgery. The average duration is 6 hours. The choice of operational tactics depends on the localization of the pathological process. When the head of the pancreas is damaged, Whipple's operation is performed. It is conducted under general anesthesia and consists of two stages. On the first remove the affected area of the organ. The next stage is aimed at restoring the passage of food through the intestines-the plastic of the bile ducts and duodenum. The method of intervention is laparoscopy.
Distal resection of the pancreas is performed if the pathology is localized in the tail. It also passes under general anesthesia, and the removed material is sent to a histological laboratory.
Complications
Surgery on the pancreas has certain complications, a high incidence of complications and high lethality. During the removal of the body, such consequences can occur: bleeding, the intersection of nerve trunks, infection, trauma to nearby organs. In the postoperative period, diabetes mellitus and enzymatic insufficiency, thromboses can develop. If the spleen is removed, the risk of infectious diseases increases.
How to prepare for the operation?
To perform complex surgical interventions, careful preparation of the patient is necessary. The examination of vital organs and systems is carried out: cardiac electrocardiogram, chest X-ray examination, general and biochemical blood analysis, blood clotting, EFGS, ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity, CT, MRI.Taking medications that dilute blood, stop a week before the proposed intervention. Before the operation, consultation of an anesthesiologist is mandatory.
can not perform surgery in such cases: a sharp decline in blood pressure, shock intoxication, lack of urine output, high numbers of pancreatic enzymes in the blood, massive glycosuria.
After resection
Immediately after surgery the patient was placed in intensive care. In the early days, complete fasting is prescribed. In the following days, you can drink alkaline still water, decoction of rose hips. For 2-3 days they allow themselves to get up. The average duration of the postoperative period is 1.5 to 2 weeks.
After the operation, a person has to make up for all the functions that the pancreas performed with the help of medications. Be sure to follow a strict diet. Exclude fatty, fried, spicy foods, coffee, flour products, food containing coarse fiber, whole milk, potatoes. The diet should contain protein products. Recommended fractional frequent meals - 5-6 times a day. The volume of the liquid must be kept within 1-1.5 liters.
With this in mind, we can give an example of a diet for a day :
- 1-and breakfast: oatmeal, cooked with milk, boiled meat, weak tea without sugar.
- 2nd breakfast: a protein omelette for a couple, a broth of a dogrose.
- Lunch: vegetable melkoproterty soup, vegetable stew with low-fat meat, stewed fruit.
- Snack: low-fat cottage cheese, tea with milk.
- Dinner: vegetable puree, steamed fish, tea without sugar.
- It is allowed to drink a glass of kefir before going to bed.
enzymes disadvantage is compensated by using such preparations :
- Creon,
- Pankreazin,
- Panzinorm,
- pantsitrat.
As diabetes develops, insulin injections are necessary. In addition, it is recommended to take vitamins and minerals, as they are absorbed in less than normal. To prevent a possible infection, it is recommended to vaccinate against the most common pathogens.
In general, it can be said that one can live without a part of the pancreas. In this case, it is important to follow the recommendations on nutrition and diet, to avoid infection, stress, increased physical exertion.
