Surgical treatment of cerebral aneurysms and rehabilitation after surgery

An aneurysm is a small unnatural formation that is located on the wall of the brain vessels. It has the property of rapidly increasing in size and filling with blood. According to official statistics, this pathology is found in every 17th person in the world. Most often it is observed in individuals from 40 to 60 years. More than 50% of patients die within 30-40 days after aneurysm rupture. In surviving patients, after the operation of cerebral aneurysms, various neurological disorders are subsequently observed.

Types and causes of cerebral aneurysms

Three types of aneurysms are distinguished:

1. The saccular species is the most common in medical practice. It is a small convex pouch attached to a blood vessel.
2. The spindle-shaped type is formed on the vessels, as a result of expansion along the entire length of a significant section of the artery.
3. Mixed type.

Aneurysms are formed for a number of reasons. The main factor is the presence in the patient of congenital dysfunction of the walls of the vessels, pathologies of connective tissues. Other predisposing factors include:

• polycystic kidney disease;
• thromboembolism;
• pathological changes in the cerebral vessels( coarctation of the aorta), leading to circulatory disorders;
• external lesions of the head and skull( injuries and injuries);
• elevated blood pressure;
• atherosclerosis;
• infectious effect;
• abuse of drugs and alcohol.

Diagnosis of the disease

During the diagnosis, you determine the obvious and additional symptoms of aneurysms. The first category includes the signs found in almost every patient:

• general weakness;
• vision impairment;
• fear of light;
• dizziness;
• nausea;
• hearing impairment;
• bifurcation in the eyes;
• frequent headaches;
• numbness of the face, limbs.

Also in patients there may be additional signs of pathology:

• tinnitus;
• enlargement of the eye pupils;
• weakness in the legs;
• of paresis of the facial nerve;
• omission of the century;
• jerking of the pupils.

Diagnosis of pathology is performed with the help of MRI or CT( the most effective method is still MRI).Modern diagnostic measures are able in 98% to determine the presence of an aneurysm, including before its actual rupture. One of the most accurate methods for detecting pathology is sub-stratum angiography. Carry out diagnostic measures when the above symptoms are detected.

Aneurysm treatment methods

The development and growth of aneurysms leads to an irreversible consequence of them - a rupture, which, in turn, is the cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage or intracerebral hematomas. When it ruptures, the patient is paralyzed, vomiting, instant pain in the head, possibly the onset of a coma.

In this case, an operation is performed to remove the aneurysm of the cerebral vessels. There are two main methods of treatment.

1. Open surgery( clipping of the brain aneurysm) consists in carrying out trepanation of the patient's skull, after which an aneurysm is detected by a neurosurgeon on a blood vessel. Further, the blood flow is blocked in the direction of the aneurysm through the setting of the clip on its neck.
2. Closed surgery is the treatment of cerebral aneurysms through the intravascular method. In this operation, doctors use a small tube( catheter) that penetrates the cavity of the aneurysm and blocks further flow of blood into its body.

Rehabilitation after treatment of cerebral aneurysm

After removal of aneurysm of cerebral vessels, the patient needs a long and consistent rehabilitation. The duration of rehabilitation is about 2 years. Medical and home observation of the patient is aimed at restoring memory, adapting to the negative consequences of hemorrhage, reproduction of social and physical functions.

Tip! Rehabilitation after an aneurysm of cerebral vessels includes training to improve memory, speech. It is necessary to ensure hygiene, proper diet, light physical exercise.

Preventative measures to prevent pathology

Prevention of cerebral aneurysms is almost not developed. Persons who are predisposed to the formation of this pathology need frequent medical examinations from neuropathologists and neurosurgeons. Private preventive measures include:

• maintaining an active lifestyle;
• control of stress in life;
• diagnosis and treatment of cardiac and vascular pathologies, hypertension.

Conclusion

Thus, an aneurysm presents a widespread dangerous pathology of the present, detection of which at an early stage is almost impossible. At the same time, timely diagnosis and proper treatment in modern medicine can save the patient's life and return it to normal living conditions.