Dyslexia

Dyslexia is a specific learning disability inherently neurological. It is characterized by an inability to quickly, as well as correctly recognize words, perform decoding, and master spelling skills. All these difficulties are associated with the underdevelopment of phonological components of the language. These difficulties exist with the preservation of other cognitive abilities, as well as with full-fledged learning conditions. Secondary, emerging signs are violations related to a lack of understanding of the text, a lack of reading experience and a dictionary.

In Russia, two approaches are used to determine dyslexia, this is pedagogical and clinical-psychological. Pedagogical refers to a partial, as well as a specific violation in reading, caused by a violation of mental functions and characterized by a repetition of errors.

The clinical and psychological approach is understood to mean specific reading disorders, while having an intellectual level, as well as disturbances in speech development, in the absence of disturbances in the auditory and visual analyzer, and the availability of optimal learning conditions. One of the main violations is the inability to master slogging, as well as automated reading of whole words, which is often accompanied by a lack of understanding of what has been read. It is generally accepted that the basis of the disorder is caused by specific cerebral processes that represent the functional basis of the reading skill.

Dyslexia from Greek means denying the positive meaning of words and speech. Characterized by selective violation of the ability to master reading, as well as letters with the ability to learn.

What comes first to mind when a person first hears this diagnosis? In some, dyslexia is associated with reading problems, writing, and spelling. In others, dyslexia is represented with reversing words, as well as letters, and individuals associate dyslexia with a lag in the program. But all unanimously endow dyslexia with inability to learn. But in fact the problem of inability to learn is one of the facets of dyslexia.

Now let's look at the positive aspects of dyslexia. Currently, information is widely available that success has not bypassed dyslexics in life. Their prosperity was due to dyslexia. These people include Hans Christian Andersen, Albert Einstein, Tom Cruise, Leonardo da Vinci.

Many parents are concerned about this strange diagnosis and are perplexed, because the child is curious, understands the technique, it is developed, with a fantasy order, and by some parameters even goes ahead of peers. But still something creates problems in interpersonal communication with classmates. A child prefers an adult society. School realities disappoint you and the child. Chad does not want to read and the Russian language is not his fad. The child on the shoulder is mathematics, and the solution of everyday situations leads to a dead end. Additional shifts do not work. You are in a panic and seek help from a speech therapist, a psychologist, as well as a child psychiatrist, but all is vain.

The child has dyslexia and sees the world with different eyes, the thinking is developed figuratively. Your child, immersing himself in his world of images, perceives them as an existing reality.

. Dyslexia - the causes of

. The following causes of dyslexia, as well as difficulty in reading: eye defects, mental retardation, hearing defects, neurobiological causes( brain zones in the patients are functionally less active, As well as changes in the structure of brain tissue), a hereditary factor.

The term dyslexia literally means difficulties in reading and writing. In Russian speech therapy, violations of the letter are diagnosed as dysgraphia or disor- phography. Dyslexia itself, as a result of neurobiological features, does not apply to mental disorders.

In other areas of its activities, the child is able to show exceptional abilities. He can succeed in sports, music, painting, mathematics, and physics

Dyslexia - symptoms

Symptoms of dyslexia are: slow reading by syllables, and by letters;Guessing reading with a number of errors in the form of replacements, as well as permutations of letters;Awareness of the meaning of the material read is broken in different sequences. All the symptoms indicate disorientation.

The term dyslexia was introduced by ophthalmologist Rudolf Berlin in 1887.The term was used for boys who have difficulty learning to read, as well as writing letters, while children have intellectual abilities in other areas.

Since 1925, neuropathologist Samuel Orton studied this phenomenon and put forward a version of the existence of the syndrome, which was not associated with brain damage. Orton noted that reading problems do not have a connection with visual impairment. According to his theory, this state is caused by interhemispheric asymmetry in the brain. The theory was often challenged by scientists who believed that the main cause of the disease were all sorts of problems that arose from the visual perception of information.

Since 1949, the problem of dyslexia has been deepened in the work of Clement Laune. She studied the anomaly in adults experiencing this ailment from childhood.

Her research on dyslexia has established the possibility for these people to read texts from left to right, as well as from right to left. And only in 10% suffering from dyslexia, the speed when reading from the right to the left is revealed above. Results on dyslexia indicated changes in the field of view, which in turn led to the perception of the word not as a whole and significant, but as a set of non-significant letters.

Since the 1970s, theories have been advanced that dyslexia is the result of defects in phonological as well as meta- phonic development. Now this theory is welcomed in the West.

Diagnosis of dyslexia

Dyslexia is difficult to diagnose. During cognitive testing, the reading level and comparison with other readers are revealed. Reading indicators are fixed, and during the diagnosis of dyslexia, notes are made specifically where reading is broken. In other tests, the hearing is examined, as well as the ability of the child to reproduce the speech. Identified in the diagnosis of the perception of information: orally( conversation) or tactile( perception through the hands).The conclusion of the study summarizes and analyzes which of the systems works best for the child.

An important condition in the diagnosis - the child should be in a good mood and not guess about the study. To do this, choose the form of the game. Before the test the baby should sleep, be well fed. Before the diagnosis of dyslexia begins, talk with the child, explain who will come and why. Parents are not present when testing by specialists.

There are a number of problems that each dyslexic is endowed with.

Symptoms of dyslexia:

- delay in reading, writing, memorizing spelling

- disorientation and disorganization

- difficulty with perception

information - difficulty in recognizing words, as well as a lack of understanding of what was read

- clumsiness andviolation

coordination - the presence of ADHD ( with the presence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder)

dyslexia correction

treatment, as well as correction of dyslexia can not be in the usual sense of the word. Being a neurobiological feature, it is possible to lightly help a child cope with the difficulties that arise with dyslexia, but not cure for good.

Dyslexia Correction is carried out by the method developed by Ronald D. Davis. The purpose of the technique is to give the printed words imagery. Knowing that patients respond well to the three-dimensional images, so rearrange them pretty hard. Thanks to techniques printed words are transformed into figures of speech and no longer pose a problem for dyslexics