Horner's Syndrome

Horner's syndrome is a pathological disorder of the autonomic nervous system caused by a violation of sympathetic innervation. In most cases, this clinical sign associated with certain diseases, but the syndrome Horner there passing idiopathic form, which is not connected not with any known pathology, and clinical signs of the form regress spontaneously without conducting any - any treatment

causes of Horner syndrome

Horner's SyndromeDevelops due to various pathological processes, the development of which affects the resulting sympathetic ways at the level of the cervical spinal cordHa, brainstem and hypothalamus:

• Spinal cord and brain tumors
• Spinal and brain injuries
• Inflammatory processes of the central nervous system
• Inflammatory diseases of the first ribs
• Inflammation of the upper parts of the spine
• Hemorrhage in the brain( stroke)
• Various intoxications( more oftenAlcoholic)
• Multiple sclerosis Myasthenia
• Migraine
• trigeminal neuralgia
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• ear Swelling Pancoast(Located in the apex of the lungs)
• Aortic aneurysm
• Neurofibromatosis( 1 type)
• Syringomyelia
• Cavicular sinus thrombosis
• Thyroid enlargement( hyperplasia) in the goiter
• Symmatectomy

Symptoms and signs of the Gorner's syndrome

There are a number of rather specific symptoms that indicateOn the development of the patient's Horner syndrome. Having all of the following features are optional, but at least two of them must be present, is:

• Pupillary constriction( Miosis)
• Omission of the upper eyelid, so that there is a narrowing of the palpebral fissure( ptosis)
• Elevated lower eyelid( Inverted ptosis)
• delay mydriasis- in bright light, the pupil narrows, and in case of low illumination it broadens. In the presence of this disease process slowed down the expansion of the pupil during the transition to a dark room
• retraction of the eyeball( enophthalmos)
• Different color of the iris of eyes( heterochromia).In congenital Horner syndrome may occur in different eyes of different color irises
• Uneven iris coloration, wherein the color pigment for the iris distributed unevenly
• in the affected eye is observed reduced production of lachrymal
• liquid on the affected side of the face is decreased sweating( anhidrosis)
• Half face on the affected sideHyperemic
• From the affected side, the shell of the eyeball( conjunctiva) of a more vivid coloring

In addition, for Horner's syndrome typicaln Pty so-called syndrome - is the abundance on the eyeball dilated blood vessels, as detected during the inspection of ophthalmic

Horner syndrome Diagnostics

to determine the presence and severity of Horner syndrome following tests are used:

• cocaine drop test. When the special eye cocaine drops are instilled, the norepinephrine reuptake is blocked, as a result of which the pupil dilates. In the presence of Horner's syndrome, due to a lack of synaptic cleft norepinephrine, the pupil will not expand
• The test is paredrin( oxamphetamine).This test helps in determining the cause of the myosis.
• . The test determining the delay in the dilatation of the pupil.
• X-ray examination, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging. These studies are used to identify various pathological entities capable of provoking the development of Gorner's syndrome

Treatment of Gorner's

Syndrome

Treatment of Horner's syndrome is aimed at nervous and muscular stimulation( it is necessary to "make" nerves and muscles work).For this, kinesiotherapy is used in combination with myoy neurostimulation. The myoi technique of neurostimulation is based on the effect on the affected nerve or muscle by current pulses. With this stimulation, absolutely all excitable structures( smooth or / and transversely striated muscle cells of the eye apparatus, nerves) are involved. Mioi neurostimulation allows you to work out and prepare for future regular loads well enough even lazy and very weak muscles. This procedure is carried out with the help of skin electrodes under the obligatory supervision of a doctor and is quite painful, but as a result, the lymph drainage and blood circulation significantly improves, the metabolism is activated, and the muscles return to the state of tonus for further adequate work.

However, after the improvement, you should not stop at all. It is necessary to continue to deal with your muscles by yourself. This will help kinesiotherapy. This therapy includes a specially designed dynamic complex of physiotherapy exercises: breathing exercises, sports and applied games, training on simulators, various outdoor games.