What is periodontal disease: the symptoms of this pathology, what can be treated with gums, what medications are treated

What is periodontal disease?It is not an inflammatory disease of the tissues that surround and hold the tooth.It usually affects the entire oral cavity.Symptoms in this pathology are rather meager, so a person does not even guess about this ailment for a long time.

Parodontosis is discovered by chance, during a visit to the dentist for other diseases.This disease is rare and usually occurs in those people whose ancestors also suffered from such pathology.Let us examine in more detail what parodontosis is, the symptoms and treatment of this disease.

Classification of periodontitis and the causes of development

In terms of prevalence, this ailment is of two kinds.Localized, when the necks are exposed in a restricted area of ​​the dentition and generalized - pathological changes span one dentition or both jaws.

Parodontosis can pass in acute and chronic form and distinguish five stages of the disease development.Parodontosis is a disease that occurs most often due to vascular diseases of the body.

As a result of impaired blood supply to the gums and tissues of the teeth, nutrition and oxygen begin to go badly, resulting in a shortage of vitamins and trace elements, and toxins, on the contrary, accumulate in large quantities, causing gums to slowly decay .

The most common causes of vascular disorders leading to the development of periodontitis are the following diseases:

• diabetes mellitus;
• atherosclerosis;
• hyperthyroidism of the thyroid gland;
• liver disease;
• metabolic and endocrine disorders;
• increased acidity of gastric juice.

As well as the development of periodontosis, the contributes to the incorrect bite of the , because it often disrupts the correct blood supply to the gums and jaws.But this pathological condition plays an indirect role in the formation of the disease.And although the wrong closing of the teeth increases the risk of periodontal disease, but is not the main reason for its occurrence.

The development process of the disease and symptoms

Periodontal disease begins to develop suddenly and unnoticed.A person can for a long time not pay attention to the fact that he has problems with the gums, especially if there are various deposits( stones, plaque) on the teeth in large numbers.

The tooth stone is close enough to the neck of the tooth and starts to slowly grasp the surface, which gradually expands as the periodontitis progresses.

Starts the pathological process of insufficient intake of vitamins and nutrients through the blood vessels of the periodontal tissue( tissue surrounding the tooth).This leads to a decrease in metabolic processes and destruction of bone tissue, as well as gum descent .

Paradontosis can develop for years without causing any discomfort to a person.Parodontosis has five stages of development, each of which has its own symptoms.Let us consider them in more detail.

Initial stage .Her symptoms are very weak and difficult to see even a specialist, and the patient does not notice any changes at all.The initial stage is characterized by the fact that the pathological process starts in the gingival tissue of the gums and jaw and the necks of the teeth are exposed.X-ray examination shows nothing.

The first stage of the .Her symptom is an insignificant lowering of the gum.From time to time there is increased sensitivity of the teeth.X-ray shows the initial destructive changes occurring in the bone tissue.

The second stage is .In this case, the neck of the teeth is already significantly exposed, between the teeth, crevices are formed, in places where the gingiva is lowered, the enamel transition to cement, which is a solid substance covering the dental roots, is noticeable.The patient begins to worry about the increased sensitivity of the teeth.X-ray clearly shows atrophic changes in the alveolar process.

The third stage is .The symptom of this stage of the disease is the protrusion of the roots more than half for the gum.The crevices between teeth become even more, there are unpleasant sensations at reception of hot, cold and sour food.There is mobility of the teeth.X-rays determine a decrease in the alveolar process by 1 cm.

The fourth stage is .This is the most extreme stage, because it serves as the basis for the extraction of teeth.Roots are exposed to two-thirds of their length.Because of the mobility and sensitivity of the teeth, it is difficult to talk and eat.X-ray shows that the tooth roots stick to the bone only with their apex.

With a decrease in immunity and poor oral hygiene, periodontal disease is often associated with inflammation: the gingiva swells, becomes red, there is a suppuration.This complication is very serious, because you can quickly lose all your teeth.

Methods of treatment

Depending on the stage of development of periodontal disease, the degree of damage to bone tissue and gums, the physician chooses the treatment tactics.It determines how extensive the affected area is, how many teeth can not be restored and only then makes a comprehensive therapy program.

In dental clinics treatment of periodontal disease is carried out as follows:

1. Oral examination.
2. X-ray and other diagnostic tests.
3. Removal of tartar and plaque.
4. The intake of vitamins, anti-inflammatory drugs, hormonal drugs.
5. Physiotherapy.
6. Sanitation of the mouth.
7. Shinning, which reduces the mobility of loose teeth;
8. Surgical treatment.
9. Prosthetics.

The complex of these measures is complemented by such auxiliary techniques as laser application or gum massage .The patient is taught proper oral hygiene, because improper dental care leads to the progression of the disease.

Laser therapy is not the main way to treat periodontal disease, it only helps to reduce bleeding gums, relieve edema and increase the effectiveness of the therapeutic effect.

Medical treatment

After removal of all dental deposits, drug treatment is provided, including general and topical therapy. Assign the intake of vitamins , drugs that increase immunity( immunomodulators), as well as injections into the gums that help to relieve inflammation, eliminate dystrophic changes in soft tissues, and saturate them with oxygen.

If the disease is acute, the doctor prescribes the antibiotic .General therapy is an antibacterial effect on the entire body, the course of treatment is 10 days.Drugs for the treatment are as follows:

• biogenic stimulants;
• methyluracil;
• antitoxic serum;
• FIBS;
• extract of aloe;
• Lidase, etc.

Conducting local therapy is antiseptic, consisting of anti-inflammatory gel applications, rinses.Treatment with these funds is carried out as follows: immediately after breakfast and cleaning teeth it is necessary to rinse the mouth of .

Do this for at least one minute, gauze swab dampen the gums and apply a healing gel around all the teeth.After this, should not be taken for 2-3 hours by , and in the evening it is repeated.The course of treatment is 10 days.

Physiotherapy for Periodontal Diseases

The effectiveness of the treatment of periodontitis largely depends on the set of methods used.One of such methods is physiotherapy, which eliminates gingival hypoxia, oxygenates the periodontal tissues, and improves their blood supply.

Physiotherapy includes the following procedures:

• Darsonvalization - is the impact of alternating high-frequency current on gingival tissue with the aim of removing pain, improving blood supply and reducing the sensitivity of the mucosa.It is carried out with the help of a special apparatus.
• Laser treatment - used to combat infection in the paradontal pockets.This procedure helps regenerate tissues, relieves inflammation and swelling.
• Vacuum therapy - spend it in order to improve nutrition of hard and soft tissues of periodontal and to suspend their atrophy.The procedure consists in affecting the affected capillaries and stimulating the defenses of the body.Vacuum therapy is carried out in conjunction with other therapeutic methods.
• Respiratory physiotherapy is the treatment of negatively ionized air.The purpose of this method is to expand the capillaries and normalize the morphological composition of the blood.Conduct sessions using a hydro - or aeroionizer.
• Calcium gluconate electrophoresis is an effective way to eliminate hyperesthesia of the teeth.

Massage and gymnastics for gums and teeth

You can treat periodontal disease in such ways.The purpose of gymnastics( massage) is to increase the flow of blood, lymph, increase the exchange of nitrogen, oxidation in tissues, which contributes to their healing.The procedure is performed manually or with the .

If a manual massage is performed, then the index finger should be wrapped in a layer of cotton wool, moistened with vaseline and placed on the gums from the tooth's neck up vertically or in a circle.The procedure should last 20 minutes, but there are some contraindications to it:

• malignant tumors;
• hemophilia;
• purulent inflammation;
• pregnancy;
• cardiovascular diseases;
• hemorrhagic diathesis.

Effective folk remedies

It should be remembered that folk methods of treating periodontal disease are auxiliary.Do not treat periodontal disease in this way, without consulting a doctor.Folk remedies are used for rinsing and massage.

They have anti-inflammatory, astringent, antibacterial and hemostatic effect.Thus, periodontitis is treated with the following broths and herbal tinctures :

1. Oak bark - use an astringent decoction after brushing your teeth.
2. An infusion of walnut membranes is used for loose gums, it is recommended to rinse the mouth at least six times a day.
3. The infusion of the blackberry leaves is used from the bleeding gums, they should rinse the mouth 3-4 times a day.
4. A golden broth is used to make a decoction, which is used to prevent the exacerbation of the disease, and with purulent inflammation, you can add the infusion of officinal chamomile.

A very effective treatment for periodontal disease is performed by with hydrogen peroxide .They wipe the gums, using a three percent solution.You can also add peroxide to the toothpaste, when applied to the brush.

Orthopedic and surgical intervention

These methods are used if the disease is in a failed state when it is already useless to use physiotherapeutic and medical measures.Thanks to the surgical intervention, deep parodontal pockets are eliminated, which allows to stop the progression of the disease.

Prosthesis consists of in the installation of metal-ceramic bridges , but they are allowed only if all teeth have a fan-shaped discrepancy.Shinning braces help to fill lost teeth.

Thus, periodontal disease is a very unpleasant disease, which starts invisibly and shows itself usually too late when the teeth and gums are already in a deplorable state.Many are interested in: how to treat periodontal disease?Methods for eliminating pathology are many and usually they are effective in the early stages of development.