Tuberculosis of the upper respiratory organs as a complication of pulmonary tuberculosis


Basically, there are two known forms of tuberculosis of the upper respiratory tract: it is infiltrative and ulcerative.

Infiltrative form is more common, it is characterized by the presence of an infiltra on the wall of the bronchus, with no pronounced secretion of bacteria. Ulcerous form is manifested with ulcerative attacks against the background of infiltration. The release of bacteria is more pronounced.

Symptoms of

In tuberculosis of the intrathoracic lymph nodes and other form of pulmonary tuberculosis of the infiltrative form, bronchial tuberculosis occurs. In primary pulmonary tuberculosis, the process of inflammation passes to the bronchus wall from the intrathoracic lymph node. Clinical manifestations rarely reveal it, although bright symptoms may include coughing with sputum, blood spitting, chest pain, dyspnea, sputum detection of specific mycobacteria tuberculosis.

Trachea tuberculosis is more rare. It occurs in patients with cirrhotic and fibrous-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis. Tracheal injury is possible in the case of the spread of inflammatory processes on the tracheal wall with paratracheal tuberculosis of the lymph nodes. The main symptom of this disease is a strong, "barking" cough. Many patients suffer from a recurrent cough, so trachea damage can be recognized only with bronchoscopy( examination of the bronchus from the inside with a special device), which allows to identify the form of tuberculosis of the upper respiratory tract.

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Tuberculosis of the larynx is expressed by bright symptoms: changes in voice, pain when swallowing, shortness of breath and even weight loss. The leading method of diagnosis is laryngoscopy, and in rare cases, biopsy( study of cellular composition).Tuberculosis of the larynx is both infiltrative and ulcerative. There is a defeat of true and false vocal cords, inter-head space and epiglottis.

Causes of

  • as a result of complication of malignant, destructive forms of tuberculosis with metastases and spread of mycobacteria in sputum;
  • In the spread of inflammatory infiltrations with bronchial involvement;
  • As a result, lymphohematogenous reproduction of MBT in patients with secondary pulmonary tuberculosis and screening of mycobacterium in bronchial mucosa;
  • In rare cases, tuberculosis of the bronchi and trachea occurs as an independent disease. The causative agent of such a process can be bronchitis, hypothermia and smoking.

As a rule, the disease is often associated with reduced immunity. This factor can result in chronic diseases, malnutrition, HIV infection, drug addiction, long stay in places of accumulation of tuberculosis patients of different forms, nervous or physical overstrain.

Diagnostic tests

X-ray semiotics

For the diagnosis of upper respiratory tract infection( bronchi, trachea, larynx), the radiographic examination will be of little informative. Computer tomography reveals constriction and deformation of the bronchi. This radiographic picture is typical for bronchial tuberculosis complicated by atelectasis.

Since tuberculosis of the larynx, bronchi and trachea is not always the only localization of pulmonary tuberculosis, in this case it is worthwhile to perform an additional tomography of the mediastinum and a radiography of the lungs.

Laboratory investigations

In patients with ulcerative tuberculosis of the upper respiratory tract, sputum is often detected by MBT( the main causative agent of mycobacterium tuberculosis).

In the absence of malignant pulmonary tuberculosis, the endoscopic thorough examination can be determined by the source of the MBT itself. They may be a tuberculosis pathogen in the bronchus and trachea.

Bronchoscopic examination of

This study is the leading method in the diagnosis of upper respiratory tract tuberculosis. Visually diagnose tuberculosis of the larynx and trachea can be with laryngoscopy. To inspect the mucous membrane to the very mouth of the subsegmental bronchi, a fibrobronchoscope or bronchoscope with a metal tube is used.

Tuberculosis clusters in the body tissues are soft and hard, and the surface is smooth or granular, with shades from red to gray.

Ulcers on irregularly shaped walls, with distorted margins, often shallow with granulation coating. For bacteriological and morphological confirmation of the analysis, use different methods of biopsy, examining the contents of ulcers and unusual tissue with granulations.

Treatment of

Diagnostic studies can correctly direct the treatment process directly to the underlying disease. For the treatment of tuberculosis, bronchi and trachea are often attributed to two or three antituberculous drugs for topical use. For the removal of inflammatory processes, reducing edema of the bronchi and trachea, recommended inhalation of hydrocortisone. Fillings using a laryngeal syringe are also used. The results of pathogenetic and hormonal therapy are shown.

Tuberculosis of the larynx is easily treated by chemotherapy. If there is a sharp pain that is not removed by a specific treatment, prednisolone is often prescribed to quickly eliminate inflammatory changes.

In accordance with the nature of the disease, effective treatment with special drugs occurs within two months.

For a rapid resolution of inflammation in the bronchi and trachea, laser radiation has recently been widely used. It leads to an effective cure, leaving minimal changes in the body.

Treatment with folk remedies

The most effective is the treatment with medicinal herbs, which are prepared strictly individually, taking into account all the peculiarities of the patient's condition. Such treatment helps to completely remove foci of the disease, cleanse the lymphatic system and strengthen the body's resistance to these pathogens.

Honey tincture is one of the effective means against bronchial tuberculosis.

Recipe: take linden honey( 1 l), sliced ​​aloe leaf, olive oil( 100 g), birch buds, linden color. Honey is melted with 2 glasses of water and mixed with aloe, give it boil for 8 minutes. Then all components are mixed and insisted for about 20 minutes. The strained tincture is consumed 3 times a day on a tablespoon.

With hemoptysis eating cooked cowberry with honey.

Symptoms of tuberculosis of the larynx are well helped by the root of licorice, which can be chewed all day and do not experience abrupt changes in the vocal cords.