Trauma of the trachea and bronchi Trachea is a cartilaginous tubular organ that lies below the larynx and passes into the main bronchi. Through it, the inhaled and exhaled processes are carried out. The trachea is part of the lower respiratory tract.


Trauma types of trachea

Occur in the life of a situation where the trachea is exposed to dangerous effects. Sudden rash or rupture can occur as a result of squeezing the chest, a powerful blow, gunshot, stabbed or cutting action of another person.

Depending on the injury, the trachea distinguishes between open and closed injuries, and depending on the penetration of the wound into the lumen of the hollow organ into penetrating and non-penetrating ones.

Injuries of a closed type occur with strokes, violent actions, when the trachea is pressed against the spine. At such times, inter-ring ligaments break. They entail the separation of the tracheal rings from the integral state.

Group of open injuries consists of gunshot, stabbed, cut injuries.

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Penetrating group of injuries include damage resulting from violent or careless behavior with sharp piercing objects. Including knife, razor, spoke, sword, rapier, scissors.

Non-penetrating group is characterized by a fall, bruises, as a result of which fractures are performed, inter-ring ruptures, etc.

Open trauma of the trachea

A gunshot wound is the most dangerous for a person's life, because not only the trachea, but also the arteries, veins, neural connections, esophagus, cervical and vertebral sections are damaged. There is the possibility of getting an unwanted object into the spinal canal. One of the consequences of such wounds is damage to the carotid artery, which eventually leads to death.

Fragmented gunshot injuries rank first in danger. As with such injuries, foreign substances enter the larynx, the thyroid gland, arteries, veins, and infectious infection of the organism through the wound takes place. In general, such situations end in death, but there are exceptions. A person is saved only after emergency hospitalization, provided that the arteries and veins are intact.

Crushed injuries are dangerous due to the penetration depth of the piercing object. They can arise as a result of an accidental fall on a sharp object, in some sports competitions, etc. The danger of this type of injury lies in the formation of subcutaneous hematomas and emphysema. Bloody discharge can appear through the wound canal. Such damage leads to difficulty in breathing, the appearance of a bloody phlegm cough, and also kvozdeystvuyu on the vocal cords. If such trauma does not have more significant damage, then it heals with time. Promotes such a mandatory course of antibiotics with ancillary cough. If the vessels and the thyroid gland are still affected, the person suffers suffocation, which is caused by the appearance of a large amount of blood in the trachea. In this case, a person needs immediate hospitalization with subsequent surgical intervention. During the operation, the surgeon removes the hemorrhage.

The reason for the appearance of cut wounds is a knife. Such a wound leads to a violation of the upper trachea, which is accompanied by damage to the neural bundles. They, in turn, cause paralysis of a certain group of muscles. Another consequence of this injury is the heavy bleeding caused by the damage to the small vessels.

In such cases, assistance must be highly skilled, on which human life depends.

It should be in the following order:

  1. To transfer the victim on his side is a convenient and harmless position to assist.
  2. Release the wound from foreign objects and things that will interfere with further action.
  3. The use of the endotracheal tube - it is inserted into the trachea and provides air to the lungs, preventing the strangulation of a person.
  4. Elimination of bleeding, by clamping the arteries - damaged blood vessels need to be bandaged, in order to prevent heavy blood loss and other consequences.
  5. Applying a wound swab - the wound should be "drained".
  6. Overlapping the dressing - it will protect the wound from getting various undesirable elements and substances, creating the so-called "sterility".
  7. Introduction of essential drugs - in the absence of traumatic shock sedatives, atropine and diphenhydramine are administered.
  8. Immediate hospitalization - is to evacuate the victim to the nearest surgical department, where as a result of the operation, the consequences of the trauma will be eliminated.

Closed trauma group of the trachea

The closed type of trauma is characterized by a violation of the normal condition of the tracheal tube rings. With trauma, they can come off each other, and rarely there are oblique fractures or longitudinal ruptures. If the posterior membranous wall remains in the intercellular tear, the gaping edges of the rupture of the anterior surface diverges by a maximum of 1.5 cm. With complete detachment, the detached part enters the middle of the thorax, which leads to the appearance of dyspnoea, a bloody coughing of blood, and shock. Such injuries are obtained when a stupid object strikes, with forced strangulation.

Tracheal injuries can have the following consequences: the appearance of puffiness, asphyxia, severe soreness, aphonia. There is also a hemorrhage in the mucosa and surrounding soft tissue, displacement of the cartilage or their debris.

Dangerous in nature and fractures. The cause may be a bruise or a strong breath. As a result, the intra-tracheal air pressure increases, which leads to a longitudinal fracture of the cartilaginous arches or to the rupture of the inter-ring bonds. Consequences: the appearance of hematoma and emphysema, asphyxiation.

A special place is occupied by injuries associated with ingress of foreign bodies into the trachea. Their danger lies in the presence of sharp edges, which can easily cause significant damage to the mucosa. The most harmful is the situation of infection of the wound with an infection. If the foreign object is successfully removed from the injury site, the wound will quickly heal. But if the wound succumbed to infection, the consequences can be complicated.

As a result of falling from a height, as a result of various traffic accidents, there are injuries to the thoracic trachea and bronchi. They are accompanied by a shock state of a person with a clear change in the respiratory process. Trauma trauma often entails and violation of the integrity of the bronchi. The consequence is the appearance of atelectasis, hemato- and pneumothorax, rupture of the parenchyma, bronchi, and alveoli. Significant force of impact falls on the heart, which under pressure stops.

Most injuries of the thoracic trachea and bronchi are fatal. Because it is usually impossible to provide qualified medical assistance in a timely manner. The elimination of the consequences of such injuries is under the power of reanimatologists and thoracic surgeons.