Methods of treatment of peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum

With peptic ulcer of the stomach, mucosal defects are formed. Most often, this disease affects men, whose age is 25 - 50 years.

The disease is characterized by relapses, they occur in the autumn or spring period.

The regimen for treatment of peptic ulcer disease should be prescribed by a doctor, while the diet must be observed by the patient necessarily.

Causes of the disease

Specialists note two reasons that can cause a peptic ulcer:

• increased production of hydrochloric acid, which leads to increased acidity. As a result, the gastric mucosa is destroyed, ulcers appear;
• , the bacterium Helicobacter pylori enters the body and destroys the mucous membrane of the organ, leading to the formation of ulcers.

It's not always that patients who get into the body of a bacterium can get sick with this ailment.

The disease will develop only if there are certain factors:

• the patient takes medications that destroy the mucous organ. Most often, these tablets belong to the group of anti-inflammatory non-steroid agents;
• in a history of the patient there are ailments associated with chronic diseases of the body, which can subsequently lead to the appearance of ulcerative defects;
• the patient often experiences nervous tension, as a result the production of hydrochloric acid increases - acidity increases;
• gastric acidity is increased as a result of genetic predisposition, while a strict diet is not observed, disease prevention is not performed;
• diet is not observed by patients, between meals large breaks, eating dry, as a result, the process of producing gastric juice is disrupted;
• the patient often uses sharp, salty, spicy, is carried away by alcohol, smoking.

External signs of a patient suffering from peptic ulcer disease are: a very thin man, picky in food, constantly wrinkles.

Patients with peptic ulcer of duodenum are young people who lead an active lifestyle, they often do not follow a diet, preventive maintenance of the disease is not carried out.

Symptoms of the disease

Patients who have stomach ulcers and 12 duodenal ulcer mark persistent pain in the epigastric region.

The duration of pain can vary from a week to several months, depending on when the patient starts taking the medication.

Unpleasant symptoms can manifest themselves most vividly in the spring and autumn if the disease is not prevented.

The intensity of pain depends on the depth of the mucosal defect and on the patient's patience. Most often, duodenal ulcer brings pain more than with stomach ulcer.

Unpleasant symptoms in this disease occur together with food intake. Discomfort occurs more quickly if the ulcer is located closer to the esophagus.

A few hours after eating, the pain calms down. In this case, a strict diet is very important - the patient can eat only those foods that will not provoke the development of ailment.

The pain subsides after the patient is given medicines or "soda" water.

The patient has increased pain in the abdominal cavity after taking fatty, spicy foods, alcoholic beverages. Often patients observe the symptoms of an illness in the period of solar or geomagnetic activity.

Exacerbation of the disease can occur after a strong emotional shock. Thus emotions can be both negative, and positive.

You can take medications that calm the nervous system.

In patients with peptic ulcer, heartburn occurs. This phenomenon is felt not only in the epigastric zone and esophagus, but also in the oral cavity.

If an unpleasant sensation appears early in the morning before eating, then this indicates an increased content of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice.

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The aggravation of the disease in a third of patients is characterized by the appearance of vomiting, whose mass has a sour taste. Together with vomiting there is a violation of defecation.

In some cases, severe symptoms are absent. But when the patient is examined, the doctor presses on the "ulcerative" points and the patient feels pain.

Do not wait for the development of the disease. With frequent heartburn and mild pain, you should consult a doctor to find out the causes and receive timely treatment.

What is the danger of peptic ulcer?

With improper treatment or in the absence of it, complications of peptic ulcer of stomach may occur.

Among the most common are the following:

1. the appearance of bleeding. This complication is most common with peptic ulcer. Gastric juice negatively affects the walls of the stomach, eating them. Bleeding can occur secretly or profusely. Symptoms of complications are as follows: the patient may experience severe vomiting. Vomit in this case is dark in color, in appearance it resembles the thick of coffee. Cal is also colored - it becomes black;
2. perforation of the ulcer. If the depth of the ulcer increases, then its perforation may come - the organ wall breaks into the abdominal cavity. Signs of perforation - acute severe pain in the peritoneum, nausea. In this case, you should urgently call an ambulance, as the patient needs surgery. Otherwise, peritonitis begins;
3. obstruction. This complication can occur if the ulcer is located in the antrum part of the stomach. The ulcer blocks the outlet gastric opening, as a result of which the food can not move from the stomach into the intestine. Symptoms of obstruction are vomiting and nausea. Such a complication is necessary to operate;
4. relapse. Ulcer disease often occurs in chronic form. From time to time there is an exacerbation of the ailment. Relapses are promoted by a wrong way of life: smoking, drinking alcohol and some medicines, the diet is not observed by the patient, the treatment scheme is not performed;
5. body cancer. The bacterium Helicobacter pylori secretes carcinogens, which provoke the development of a malignant tumor on the site of an organ with an ulcer. Over time, the tumor grows into a stomach cancer. It is worth noting that the duodenal ulcer does not grow into cancer.

There are symptoms that indicate the degeneration of the ulcer in stomach cancer:

• the taste or smell of the patient is disrupted, there may be aversion to a number of foods( most often these are meat products);
• pains appear regardless of meal intake;
• gastric acidity gradually decreases;
• patient is quickly tired;
• a bad smell comes from the patient's mouth;
• body temperature rises.

How to diagnose?

When looking at a patient's pose, an experienced specialist will be able to diagnose a peptic ulcer.

If there is an exacerbation, the patient lies on his side, bends his knees, his hands are pressed to that area of ​​the abdomen, where the pain is felt.

This pose makes it possible to reduce the tension of the abdominal muscles. If the ulcer is located on the back of the organ, the patient becomes lighter with this attitude: lying on his stomach with a padded cushion.

This pose helps to reduce pain.

The patient's language must be examined. In patients with peptic ulcer in the language of white-yellow plaque.

When palpation, the doctor slightly presses on the stomach or slightly tapes on its surface, thus revealing a painful area.

In pyloroduodenal cicatricial stenosis in the abdominal cavity of the patient, a splash is heard when tapping.

If the patient has had an organ perforation, the movements of the abdominal cavity are asynchronous with breathing.

After the patient verbally describes the causes of the illness and symptoms, the doctor will appoint a series of examinations that will help clarify the diagnosis.

Only then the treatment regimen is assigned:

• endoscopy is the most common method. With its help, you can determine the place where the ulcer is located, its depth, appearance, detect inflammatory processes that occur on the mucous organ, the presence of bleeding, scars, Helicobacter pylori bacteria and other pathological processes. In this survey, tissue can be taken to confirm or exclude gastric cancer, to perform local therapy to stop bleeding, to kill the ulcer or perform other manipulations;
• chromoscopy helps to determine the excess production of gastric juice or to detect changes in tissue arising in the precancerous state;
• morphological analysis makes it possible to identify ulcerative lesions, it is also possible to study the nature of inflammation;
• fluoroscopy allows you to determine the place where the ulcer is located, to clarify its size, to determine the presence of scars. During the survey, a barium suspension is used;
• by means of roentgenography it is possible to define free air which has got to a peritoneum. This happens when the organ is perforated;
• assays, which help to determine the presence of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori - histology, seeding of biopsy specimens, serological tests and others;
• if there is a suspicion of cancer infiltration, the patient can be assigned endoscopic ultrasonography;
• to determine the acidity of the stomach will help pH-metry.

Treatment of pathology

To cure a patient who has gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, a scheme of complex treatment is applied: the use of medicines, the use of folk methods, and in some cases, surgical intervention.

Patients must adhere to a diet, prevent illness. You can only eat foods that do not increase acidity.

If the disease is in remission, then the patient should lead a healthy lifestyle, do not smoke or drink alcohol, choose the correct cooking mode.

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You can eat only cooked foods or steamed food. If there is a possibility, then it is necessary to undergo sanatorium-and-spa treatment. If there is an exacerbation and signs of an ulcer appear, then the diet should be very strict.

If the condition worsens, you need to take medications. Their action is aimed at eliminating the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, reducing acidity.

For the treatment of such medicines are used:

• antibiotics - they help to fight with pathogenic microbes. The group of antibiotics is quite extensive, so the doctor will choose those drugs that will effectively remove the causes of the disease with increased acidity;
• antacid preparations - neutralize the action of hydrochloric acid, which in excess is produced in the stomach. The patient should take one of the following medicines: Maalox, Almagel, Fosfalugel and others. These drugs are effective for heartburn, normalize the digestive process, accelerate the healing of ulcers;
• antihistamines - they reduce the secretion of the stomach, as a result of the normalization of acidity, and the walls of the stomach is not a negative effect. Topsin, Gastrosedin, Kwamatel can be classified as such.

Not always conservative treatment helps a patient.

If complications occur, for example, bleeding has opened, organ perforation has occurred, the gatekeeper has narrowed or other pathologies have been noted, then the patient needs surgical intervention.

Prevention of peptic ulcer

Prophylaxis of the disease includes a number of actions aimed at preventing the appearance of an illness.

The patient must adhere to the rules that will help avoid the disease:

• the patient should get enough sleep, so sleep must be at least 8 hours;
• should not eat fatty, spicy, smoked - like food provokes the appearance of ailment, the right diet is important;
• if the patient has aching teeth, then they must be cured, because the food must be thoroughly chewed;
• try not to be nervous, because after emotional excitement, pain in the stomach may increase, drugs can be taken that will calm the nervous system;
• should exclude smoking and drinking alcohol;
• is contraindicated in taking very high or low temperatures;
• is not worth eating foods that promote acidity.

If a patient has slight signs of illness, he should visit a doctor and undergo the necessary examination. Preventing the disease, a strict diet is extremely important.

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You can eat food that does not irritate the mucous organ. Otherwise, the disease will develop, the integrity of the organ tissues will be broken, which will lead to unpleasant consequences.

The classification of peptic ulcer disease includes three degrees of the disease:

• ulcer occurs in the antrum of the stomach or on the body of the organ;
• ulcer is formed in the subcardial compartment of the stomach;
• is affected by the pyloric department of the body.

Regardless of what causes the disease, patients should adhere to the treatment scheme prescribed by the doctor, a strict diet.

If signs of illness have appeared recently, then the patient should make the diet more stringent. The food should be grinded and very soft, so as not to injure the mucous organ.

Nutrition for gastric ulcer should be about 6 times a day in small portions. The patient can eat porridge, jelly, boiled vegetables, cutlets cooked on steam.

It is important to know that peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum is an ailment that affects not only the digestive organs. Disease is a problem of the whole organism.

It is necessary to carry out preventive measures to prevent the appearance of the disease, because otherwise the treatment will take a lot of effort, time, financial resources.