Adherence of the testicle - structure, function and disease

Eggs attachment is a paired organ of the reproductive system of a man. The segment serves for ripening, accumulation and transportation of spermatozoa. Inflammation and damage to the epididymis causes a deterioration in well-being and a decrease in fertility. If the pathological process occurs on an ongoing basis, a man risks acquiring a status of infertility. Therefore it is necessary to address to the urologist at the first sensations of a dyscomfort inside of a scrotum: to pass or take place inspection, to receive adequate treatment.

Anatomy and function

An attachment is a narrowed canal intended for carrying out spermatozoa. Despite the fact that anatomically it reaches 8 m in length, the appendage is compact, because it is folded several times, adjacent to the testicle. Spermatozoa fall into this structure from the tubules, moving along the epididymis channel for two weeks.

The movement of male germ cells along the duct is sufficient and occurs due to the reduction of the cilia of the epithelium. As they move forward, spermatozoa are transformed: it is at this stage that they acquire a fertilizing ability. The accumulation of spermatozoa occurs in the dilated and thickened epididymis section.

Fig.1 - Structure of epididymis( epididymis).

The appendage is divided into three divisions: the head, body and tail( it terminates in the vas deferens).The process from the moment of development to the isolation of mature cells takes about 2 weeks. During this time, spermatozoa morphologically morphologically, and physiologically, their composition is also formed, which predetermines the fertilizing property of the sex cells.

Functionally, the epididymis is a physiological reservoir designed to store spermatozoa, limiting them from negative effects, which is a protective function. Male reproductive cells located within this segment of the reproductive system retain their viability.

Diseases of the epididymis of the

Disturbance of the functional activity or structure of the epididymis occurs due to the action of the inflammatory process or the transferred mechanical damage.

The most common diseases:

• Kista. Volumetric neoplasm, filled with serous fluid, arises from the violation of the function of the excretory ducts, the cessation of the full evacuation of sperm. Predisposed to the formation of cysts are sciatic injury. The first symptom that attracts attention is the condensation inside the scrotum. Surgical removal is performed only when the neoplasm interferes with normal motor activity of the man. Despite the benign character of the cyst, a man needs to undergo a regular check-up to exclude the possibility of its degeneration into a cancerous tumor.
• 

  Fig.2 - Inflammation of the epididymis( epididymitis).

  Epididymitis. Inflammation of the epididymis. The pathological process occurs as a response to the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms, more often - bacterial microflora. No less often, inflammation develops as a result of venereal diseases, suffered damage, hypothermia, the entry of pathogenic urine from an over-filled bladder, and the administration of medications of certain pharmacological groups. Symptoms of the disease - swelling of the scrotum, pain, fever.

• Cancer. Rare urological condition of the appendage in men. Malignant neoplasm has a tuberous structure and is located in one of the two parts of the epididymis - inside the tail or body. The danger of a tumor mechanism is the presence of metastases in distant organs. Treatment of the disease is surgical. To avoid recurrence, lumbar and pelvic lymph nodes are irradiated.

Diagnostics

Establish a focus and the nature of the pathology, as well as the spectrum of damage is possible thanks to ultrasound of the testicles, where the presence of new structures, inflammation, purulent masses, cyst filled with serous contents is well visualized in its structures.

Often, this type of diagnosis in conjunction with the patient's complaints of scrotal pain is enough to plan a therapeutic approach and begin to implement it. But if the preliminary diagnosis is an oncological neoplasm, the computed tomography acts as an auxiliary survey method, where the entire epididymis tissue is examined layer by layer.

Treatment of

Inflammatory process. The inflammatory process that occurs inside the epididymis is stopped by the use of antibiotics. The specific drug, its dosage and the frequency of application is determined by the urologist - this specialist treats such diseases. Further therapy of epididymitis is symptomatic and reduces to the appointment of antipyretic, analgesic, antispasmodics. The variant of application of physiotherapeutic methods is considered.

Read more: Treatment of inflammation of the epididymis of the

If the cause of the inflammatory process is hidden in the presence of a man in a venereal infection, a consultation, examination and treatment with a venereologist will be required. Eliminating the root cause, it will be possible to get rid of its consequences - epididymitis.

Cancer. With oncological neoplasm of the appendage the treatment involves surgical removal of the affected area of ​​the organ, the passage of chemotherapy. To maintain a general condition, men are prescribed immunomodulating drugs.

Cyst. The cyst of the epididymis is removed in case of its suppuration with damage to other organs and membranes, and also when it is transformed into a cancerous tumor.

Prevention

Pathologies of epididymis can be completely avoided - in many respects it depends on the way of life of a man. In order not to face reproductive health problems, it is necessary: ​​

• to observe protective measures during sexual contact with an unfamiliar partner;
• in time to empty the bladder, avoiding unnecessary stretching of the walls of this organ;
• at an early stage to treat diseases of the urinary tract;
• to avoid hypothermia;
• do not allow injury or damage;
• to give up excessively tight underwear( see "What can lead to overheating of the scrotum?");
• to revise its diet in favor of vitaminized food.

If the therapeutic course is interrupted, the inflammatory process will acquire a chronic course: the chances of eliminating the pathology will be significantly reduced, and the likelihood of complications will increase. Therefore it is necessary to fulfill all the appointments of the urologist, without neglecting the recommendations of healthy nutrition, observance of sexual dormancy, restriction from lifting weights.

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