Rectal prolapse

One of the diseases of the rectum is its prolapse outside - beyond the anal ring. If the rectum is absent, if the disease is not treated, the normal course of life is disrupted. The immune system weakens and the person becomes vulnerable to other diseases. The prolapse of the intestine contributes to the development of the spill of peritonitis, paraproctitis, acute intestinal obstruction.

The forms and causes of prolapse of the rectum

This disease has four forms. The first is the loss of only the mucous membrane beyond the anus. The second form is the loss of all layers of the anal wall of the rectum. In the third form, the rectum falls out, but there is no loss of anus. In the fourth form, the rectum and the anus pass out.

There are also 3 degrees of sphincter deficiency, depending on the pathology of the disease. In the first stage of the disease, the incontinence of gases occurs in the patient;On the second - incontinence of not only gases, but also liquid feces. At the third degree - incontinence of usual feces.

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There are many reasons for the prolapse of the rectum. The disease can provoke acute or chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, operations on the pelvic organs and rectum, trauma to the muscles of the anus( during labor), gynecological operations, ruptures of the perineum. Also, the elasticity of the pelvic floor muscle with time, lose, in the ligaments there are physiological changes that lead to the prolapse of the intestine. More often such a disease of the rectum occurs in the elderly, in men, in children.

Symptoms of prolapse of the rectum

When a large portion of the rectum falls out, severe pains arise in the abdomen area, which are caused by a large tension of the peritoneum, as well as mesentery of the large intestine. Pain in such cases is so strong that a person can experience a state of collapse or shock.

Symptoms of the disease are incontinence of gases and liquid stool. Such symptoms appear in cases of prolapse of the bowels caused by constipation, and most often they occur in women. There are pains in the lower abdomen, worse with physical exertion or during defecation. With a sudden loss of bowel pains are too strong.

From the anus, in some cases mucosal discharge, sometimes with blood, is observed. This is caused by frequent injuries of vessels located in the rectum. Also symptoms of prolapse of the rectum are: false desires, sensation in the rectum of a foreign body. With repeated dropout of this organ, frequent urination may occur. The process of urination is short and intermittent.

What are the methods of treatment of this disease?

In the treatment of rectal prolapse in children, an alternative method is used. This is the purpose of exercise therapy, as well as the use of enemas, which contain sclerosing drugs to facilitate defecation. But this method of treatment for adults to complete recovery is rare.

In the treatment it is recommended to eat foods that contain vegetable fiber, it is necessary to add more vitamins to the diet. It is recommended that children be taught to walk to the toilet at one time. To strengthen the anus, electrostimulation, physiotherapy and exercise therapy are prescribed.

In case of a sudden prolapse of the rectum, it is corrected in the prone position, having pre-lubricated with petrolatum oil, without making any special efforts to prevent damage to the intestinal mucosa.

Adults often have to resort to various methods of surgical intervention to treat this disease: operations aimed at strengthening the perineal muscles and pelvic floor muscles;Colopexy, in other words, fixation to the fixed parts of the small pelvis or to the abdominal wall of the distal sigmoid colon. Also artificially by strengthening the external sphincter or by narrowing the anus. With the help of the operation of rectopexy, or by attaching to the stationary parts of the small pelvis the distal part of the intestine. Full or partial resection( excision) of the fallen intestine.

The prolapse of the intestine, as well as the untimely repositioning of the intestine, can cause the infringement of the portion of the rectum that has fallen out. This infringement leads to a violation of blood circulation, edema, peritonitis, the formation of obstruction, and this can lead to inflammation of the abdominal cavity.