What are the red spots on the eyes?

Red spots on the eyeball appear when the integrity of the ocular vessels and hemorrhage are disturbed. The size of the stain depends on the diameter of the vessel and the amount of bleeding. Often a red spot in the eye is not accompanied by pain or visual impairment. Then it brings a person only aesthetic discomfort. But sometimes a red spot can not only be accompanied by a change in visual acuity, but also pain.

Causes of the appearance of blood in the eyeball

There are only two reasons for the formation of a red spot: trauma or excessive fragility of the vessel. Different pathologies of the body can lead to a violation of the structure of the vascular wall, its elasticity, the degree of permeability. If these properties are violated, the vessel becomes brittle. And any impact on the vascular wall, increased blood pressure in the vessel can lead to a violation of its integrity. Such pathologies include:

1. Diseases of the blood( acute leukemia, anemia), impaired coagulation.
2. Diabetes mellitus. One of the symptoms of its severe course is a change in the structure of the vascular wall of the eye vessels( diabetic retinopathy).
3. Hypertensive disease, especially with sudden pressure spikes.
4. Diseases of connective tissue( systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, vasculitis).
5. Retinal pathology.
6. Oncological pathologies directly to the eye or brain( exerting increased pressure on the eye).
7. Generic activity. Childbirth is a great burden for blood vessels, including the eye. Significant straining leads to an increase in pressure from the vessels, which can be manifested by hemorrhages. There are also strong physical activities.
8. Prolonged flight in an airplane can lead to hemorrhage from fragile eye vessels, provoked by various diseases of the body. Causes bruising pressure differentials.
9. Overstrain. This is the most innocuous reason for the appearance of red spots on the eye. With a significant load on the eyes when working on a computer, reading. With a long focus on the close range of spasm of accommodation, the regulation of vascular tone is disturbed. This leads to a violation of the outflow of blood from the small veins, the pressure in them increases, and the fragile wall of the vessel breaks.

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When should I contact a neurologist?

When hemorrhagic stroke, when blood is poured and squeezes the brain tissue, there is pressure on the eyeballs. In addition to general cerebral symptoms, the patient sees red spots before his eyes. Sometimes with strong compression there is a rupture of the vessels. In this case, the blood is poured into the eyeball. It should be noted that hemorrhage in the eye can occur when an aneurysm of the cerebral vessels is ruptured, which leads to a hemorrhagic stroke.

Blood in the eyeball may appear with hypertensive crisis. This condition is extremely formidable, as it is the cause of strokes. If the patient after the hypertensive crisis in addition to blood stains in the eyes, there are neurological symptoms, it is urgent to call an ambulance. The main symptoms of the stroke:

• inhibition;
• speech impairment;
• lack of understanding of speech;
• dysarthria;
• bifurcation in the eyes;
• paralysis;
• pareses;
• problems with swallowing;
• sensitivity disorder;
• memory degradation;
• tinnitus;
• impaired coordination.

Blood in the eyes appears with brain tumors both benign and malignant. When the tumor grows, it squeezes the brain tissue and blood vessels. As a result of a violation of the integrity of the vessel, a hemorrhage occurs in the eyeball. Displacement of brain tissue and compression of blood vessels occurs with hydrocephalus. In this case, neurological symptoms are attached.

Localization of visible hemorrhages

Visible immediately become hemorrhages in the sclera and conjunctiva. But can be seen on the eye and hemorrhages in the eye socket, the vitreous. In such cases, bruising becomes visible after a while, when a certain amount of blood is collected.

Hemorrhage in the orbit is possible because of an injury. It is manifested by the eyelashes( exophthalmos), pain in the eye, the inability to move the eye because of it, at the sight of the bifurcation of objects, visible bruises on the eye.

Hemorrhage in the anterior chamber of the eye( hyphema).More common in glaucoma, trauma to the eye. Blood collects at the bottom of the eye and bruises become visible.

Diagnostics and treatment

An ophthalmologist can diagnose the source of bleeding and its severity by conducting an ophthalmoscopy. If there is a hemorrhage in the eyeball, the treatment depends on the cause, degree of visual impairment, the general condition of the patient. If the cause is overfatigue, then it is enough to optimize the work and rest mode for the eyes. Hemorrhages in the vitreous, retina, orbit may require surgical intervention.

If the red spots on the eyes are a consequence of the rupture of the vascular wall altered for various diseases, but it is necessary to treat or at least obtain compensation for the primary disease: monitoring and correction of blood glucose, blood pressure figures. With hemorrhagic stroke, treatment is performed in the intensive care unit( see Effects of hemorrhage).

Often, red spots on the eyes pass independently without treatment, as well as any bruising in the body. But sometimes they can be a symptom of dangerous pathologies of visual structures, which are fraught with loss of vision. Therefore, an ophthalmologist should be examined.

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Summary

To postpone a visit to an ophthalmologist or neurologist is extremely risky. External signs of developing eye pathology, that is, red spots on the eyeball, often do not correspond to the present state of affairs. Since detachment of the retina, hemorrhage in the anterior chamber of the eye, other dangerous eye conditions can threaten complete loss of vision. And the only way to avoid the worst consequences is an urgent examination of the ophthalmologist and surgical intervention.

Hemorrhage in the sclera of the eye can spread to the entire white part of the visible eye, but this does not threaten to lose sight and does not even require special treatment. It's enough just to wait a while and the red spot, which occupied the whole eye and seemed a big problem, will disappear by itself, without any medical intervention. And only doctors after a full examination will determine the exact cause of hemorrhage and will prescribe the optimal treatment.