Psychasthenia
Psychiatry is a neurotic disorder that does not resemble the classical views of pathologies and is so diffuse within its framework that it is classified in a completely different way.
Psychasthenics are people very special, manifesting themselves as anxious or more suspicious. And although this pathology is consonant with asthenia, but it has a perfectly different framework with actual components that are relevant today. Psychiatry as a diagnosis is very rarely seen, since staging of this type of disease rarely requires inpatient relief, it is rather a problematic psychotherapists.
What is psychasthenia?
Modern society is daily exposed to stressors, and if for some people it is a petty annoyance, then for psychasthenics it is a great test. Psychasthenics, showing self-criticism, are able to deliver a lot of trouble to their surroundings. More often than not, they themselves are unconscious of it, they expect people from the unknown because of low self-esteem and excessive severity.
Psychiatry, as the term has a Greek origin and stands for weakness or impotence of the soul. At this stage, psychiatric disorders in the ICD 10 are classified as neurosis under the number F 48.8.This pathology arose already in the international classifier. Before that, there was no such neurosis in Soviet psychiatry, but psychasthenic psychopathy was singled out according to Gannushkin, who developed an excellent and current classification of psychopathies. But the modern classification does not distinguish such a psychopathy, which complicates the separation of psychasthenia, as a pathology, and the psychasthenic type of personality. A kind of similarity to the type of person, a similar equivalent can be considered an anxious personality disorder. This is mainly due to the nature of psychasthenics, which is known as anxious-hypochondriac.
Psychiatry, as a psychiatric term, introduced to Jean in the late 19th century. Then the scope of this term was much broader and the reasons were more extensive, but on the whole some consonance remains, confirming the inviolability of psychiatry. Many learned psychiatrists later worked to protect psychiatry from the circle of "attached" to her other people's symptoms. All the works describing psychasthenia fall at the beginning of the 20th century, including Raymond, Sukhanov, and Yudin. An important discovery was the separation of psychasthenia from asthenia and neurasthenia, as well as its exclusion from schizophrenic and anancast states.
A pathology of this type, similar to psychopathy, is most often found in childhood. Still, calls to doctors are made by more mature people, in children it is simply reset to personality traits. Thus, the disease is most common at the age of 18-35 years, that is, at the peak of work capacity and cheerfulness. Psychosis is much less annoying individuals after the fortieth. Psychiatry in women in statistics is more rare compared with men, and the prevalence of men with this pathology is twice that of women.
Causes of psychasthenia
Psychiatry from the category of modern diseases, and this should not be surprised, because it used to be trivial to chew the same thinking cud, thinking about a trifle. Earlier, life was shorter and harder, and instead of groundless reflections, the individual had to think about feeding and preserving his family. The obvious causes of the disorder, and even more so of its progression, have not yet been studied, there are only presumptive factors.
The factors that provoke psychasthenia include many influences and this affects individuals of all age groups. Stresses have their influence with negative consequences, of which psychasthenia is quite common. Stresses of our society - this concept is extensive, it includes a lot of events:
- Personal-level stresses, such as school examinations or working certification;
- Family-level stresses, for example, dismissal, divorce, problems with the child;
- Large-scale stressors, for example, heavy military situation, defaults, massive bankruptcies, instability, polar changes in society.
The most common course, which can lead to psychasthenia, is a great personal responsibility, which pushes the individual to great overstrain.
Even without a high level of stressors, unnecessary reboots of both the mental and physical spectrum are capable of provoking psychasthenia. Especially dangerous is the lack of quality rest with the replacement of it for bad habits and parties. Sleep deprivation is also very dangerous and is a provocateur for a lot of bad habits and pathologies, among them, psychasthenia. The nervous system is excessively quickly exhausted and ceases to withstand the loads of even the usual volume.
Above, the danger of overloading was already indicated, but hypodynamia, the scourge of office plankton, is also no less dangerous. Hypodinamy is a decrease in the overall level of motor activity. It is harmful not only by metabolic and weight effects, but also by the deterioration of the nervous system. Physical activity is simply necessary for the normal functioning of the individual. Harmful habits fill the nervous system with toxins, thereby reducing its opposition to the daily, hardened on the individual, tests. Endocrinological health is also very important, as the lack or overdose of hotel hormones severely destabilizes the nervous system, leading to a variety of disorders of the psychasthenic spectrum. The pathology of the thyroid gland and adrenal glands in the bed of psychasthenia is dangerous, as well as the disturbance of the regulatory properties of the pituitary or hypothalamus. Psychiatry in women can occur with hormonal imbalances.
Poor environmental conditions also do not contribute to the healthy development of the individual. Particularly unfavorable are all kinds of radiation, wrong and not useful food with a disturbed regime of the day. Carefully reading this can say that there is no person in the world to whom such factors are not affected, but still the importance is played by the frequency and strength of these factors, as well as the personality characteristics of the individual.
The special nervous and mental peculiarity of the individual can become the basis of psychasthenia, which, after exposure to negative factors, will progress, developing into this disorder. The personal organization is affected by upbringing and its pathological manifestations have the ability to provoke this disease.
Symptoms of psychasthenia
The clinic of psychasthenia has no classical symptoms, it is more appropriate to describe the personality than to talk about pathology within the symptoms. Individuals with psychasthenia during work are excessively fixated on the lesion. This keeps them from the slightest risky actions and does not allow them to go beyond the plan. Psychasthenics are excessively indecisive and overly pedantic, which is reflected in all spheres of life, leading to difficulties. The plan of psychasthenics is thought through to the smallest detail, but if one nuance is not taken into account, they will depart from the plan and will not do this. Often the slightest inconsistencies can lead an individual to total inaction.
In the intellectual plan, psychasthenics are very highly educated. Basically, the psychasthenic level of intelligence is above average, but due to frequent obsession with little things and some strange "importance", psychasthenics do not achieve high results in studies or work. Individuals of this type rarely become public people: all their intellectual attempts are often closed by shyness and excessive seclusion. Such people depend on external evaluations and consult with others, which often prevents them from remaining themselves and make an acceptable decision for themselves. It is easy to press the psychasthenic, knowing its weak points.
Psychiatry in women strongly affects the choice of men, partners and girlfriends, in other men, the selectivity of choice is also strengthened. About these individuals say that they have inflated the expectations framework. Psychasthenics are punctual and pedantic, and yet very hardworking. Such individuals are completely trouble-free, due to their fear of offending and long reflections on this. Once in a bad company, they are difficult to get out of it.
Psychasthenic patients are usually prone to hypochondriacal reflections and experiences, they do not spare money for their health, and sometimes they over-bend with treatment. About psihastenikov say that this person is a doubt. Thinking processes are so logical that sometimes this is unnecessary, because they are forced to logically comprehend each of their actions, completely excluding the possibility of spontaneity.
Psychiatry pushes individuals to a permanent dependence on society, this encourages the individual to become even more complex and withdrawn. Psychasthenics can reveal the fullness of their personality only before the years of proven people.
Personal features are also characterized by constant development, which is not at all satisfying to psychasthenic. That is why such individuals are very difficult partners and parents, because they can not stop and enjoy the work done.
Jean himself said that psychasthenia affects several spheres. In the field of intelligence, that is, of thought processes, psychasthenia is expressed by obsessive over-thinking and exhausting doubts and reflections. In the emotional sphere, the most unpleasant is the constant decline in mood, often turning into a reactive depression. Indecision is evident in the sphere of the volitional sphere. In addition, many have organ troubles, hence the hypochondria.
Treatment of psychasthenia
Psychiatry can not be cured, as it is more like a specific type of personality than a disease. But nevertheless at heavy, taking away an opportunity of normal functioning displays, kupirujushchuju therapy to appoint or nominate it is simply necessary. The difficulties of psychasthenics are mainly manifested in communication, which separates them from the collective.
Treatment should be selected as needed, based on the need to relieve the bothersome symptoms. The most unpleasant for the individual can be considered obsessions, then the treatment is selected for their maximum removal. Also no less painful can be considered excessive anxiety, paranoid. These symptoms also have the possibility of docking, which makes it easier for an individual to stay with psychasthenic tendencies in society and allows him to join all areas of activity. The type of personality psychopharmacology naturally does not correct, but will definitely contribute to the removal of affective states and the establishment of personal life.
Psychopharmacotherapy includes anti-anxiety drugs, including tranquilizers and sedatives.
How to treat psychiatry with the use of tranquilizers? They are applied depending on the severity of the symptoms and tension, which is taken into account objectively when viewed and subjectively, by the patient himself. The drugs of choice include Phenazepam, Tofizolam, Diazepam, Cloxazolam, Chlordiazepoxide, Clothiazepam, Persen, Medazepam, Valerian, Ethizolam, Oxazepam, Ethylloflazepate, Hydroxine, Meprobamate.
How to treat psychasthenia using sedatives? There are many sedatives, but they have their own negative effects, so we need to weigh the risk and benefit. Most applicable: gidazepam, lorazepam, ketazolam. In some cases, obsessions are only able to correct neuroleptics, as well as feelings of anxiety. Neuroleptics of different groups are used, when applying classical it is sometimes necessary to use Cyclodol. The most common: Aminazine, Eglonil, Azaleptol, Clopixol, Haloperillyol, Rispaksol.
Stabilization of mood is very important, especially at a risk of depressive inclusions formation. Timostabilizers are used for long courses and thoroughly remove mood swings: Valproate, Valprokom, Valprronat, Valpromaks, Lithium salts, Lithosan, Lithium carbonate, Depakin, Depakin chrono, Carbamazepine. If the depressive inclusions are obvious and prevent their manifestations, then antidepressants are used, they include: Fluoxetine, Fevarin, Prozac, Miasser, Mianserin, Anafranil, Maprotiline, Tritiko, Melipramine, Nardil, Amitriptyline, Protiaden, Dosulepin, Fluansoxol, Sertraline, Serdolect.
How to treat psychiatry with psychotherapy? To change the psychasthenic personality behavior the most effective is psychotherapy, aimed at developing the skills of socialization. It is very important to socialize the psychasthenic. Applied and group and personal techniques. For efficiency, it makes sense to combine psychoanalysis and cognitive-behavioral techniques.
The test for psychasthenia
Tests for psychasthenia are most often based on psychological techniques. There are also different supplementary questionnaires for individual home use. It is worth pointing out that the identification of a predisposition to psychasthenia in such a survey shows nothing. If an individual does not have complaints and is adapted to society, then we can assume that this is only a psychasthenic inclination that does not affect the general vital needs of the individual.
The most relevant for the psychological definition is the questionnaire on Leongard. It includes a large number of scales, which includes psychiatry. This definition of character accentuation, that is, the extreme degree of the norm. An alarming or psychasthenic type of this scale is described as an individual experiencing for himself and his family. These experiences gradually turn into fears, often annoying relatives, while the mood background is lowered. In behavioral characteristics, excessive shyness and shyness that interferes with normal existence prevail. Indecision is manifested in its extreme form, there is a long uninterrupted experience of failure, as well as continuous groundless doubts. All this with the help of the interrogator is calculated in the right questions.
Depending on the subspecies of psychasthenia, different questionnaires are used. For anankastnogo it is most important to identify obsessions, and for the alarming duration of decision-making and excessive doubts. It is important to distinguish the psychasthenic type from pedantic and other accentuations. That is why independent tests only approximately correlate with the true detection of psychasthenics, and the final diagnosis can be made only with the help of a full psychological examination.
