Treatment of Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter gastritis occurs when Helicobacter pylori enters the human body. Helicobacter can enter the body, namely into the stomach with saliva through contaminated food, through insufficiently sterilized medical instruments. There is always a small amount of urea in the human stomach. It will get through the blood.

Using its own enzyme with urea, Helicobacter forms such a chemical compound as ammonia. It neutralizes hydrochloric acid, creating favorable conditions for the development of pathogenic microorganisms. The second enzyme that the bacterium produces is called mucinase. It adversely affects the mucin protein, that is, it destroys it in the gastric mucus and promotes its liquefaction. At the same time, the protective reactions of the body decrease, which allows Helicobacter to freely penetrate into the mucous layer of the stomach, where it attaches to the epithelial cells in the antrum part of the stomach. Naturally, it is better to treat Helicobacter pylori gastritis on time so that complications do not arise.

instagram viewer

Helicobacter

Helicobacter is able to attach only to the cells of the cylindrical epithelium. It damages the cell of the epithelium and reduces its function. Bacteria Helicobakter pylori are able to multiply rapidly, over time, bacteria colonize almost all of the gastric mucosa in the antrum. Due to the fact that the majority of other enzymes that produce microorganisms lead to the destruction of cells, this results in alkalizing the normal medium of the stomach, which is acidic. Subsequently, the mucous membrane becomes inflamed. Ammonia acts on the endocrine cells located in the stomach, which contributes to the enhancement of the production of the hormonal substance gastrin, as well as the reduction of somatropin. As a result, secretion of hydrochloric acid increases.

Inflammatory reaction from the mucous membrane of the stomach is constantly increasing. Helicobacter produces substances - cytotoxins, which damage cells located in the mucous membrane, which leads to erosion and further gastric ulcers. In the event that Helicobacter does not excrete these substances, in this case, the ulcer does not form, but the process stops at the stage of the onset of chronic gastritis. Bacteria settle first in the antral part of the stomach, that is, in the region where the stomach passes into the duodenum. At this stage, the patient has a secretory function or slightly increases, because the main secretory cells of the stomach are located not in the antral part, but in the body or the bottom of the stomach.

There are several forms of Helicobacter pylori lesions.

  • Latent form or carriage of Helicobacter pylori infection. In a patient, the bacteria live very long on the mucosa of the antral part of the stomach. At the same time, there are no complaints about the occurrence of any symptoms. But nevertheless during carrying out of researches of a mucosa of a stomach find signs of a gastritis.
  • Acute gastritis. This condition with Helicobakter pylori occurs very rarely. Acute gastritis usually occurs with the onset of pain in the stomach, and the disease is accompanied by nausea and vomiting. These phenomena quickly subsided and become chronic gastritis.
  • Chronic atrophic gastritis. This disease develops gradually. In the initial stage, an atrophic process is formed in the part of the stomach where helikobacteria, that is, in the antral part, are located. Then the process absorbs the entire stomach. At the same time the inflammatory process decreases, and atrophy spreads practically throughout the gastric mucosa.
  • Chronic gastroduodenitis. This form of the disease is characterized by the involvement of the duodenum. First there are changes in the bulb of the duodenum, and then spreads along its entire length. There is swelling, redness, inflammation and erosion.
  • Peptic ulcer disease. The disease is formed against a background of chronic gastritis.

Various studies are being carried out to establish the diagnosis of Helicobacterial gastritis. Diagnosis is established using X-ray, histological studies and fibrogastroscopy. A cytological study is also conducted. To do this, the analysis is taken smears or prints of pieces of the mucous membrane of the stomach, which were taken with fibrogastroscopy. The study of the secretory function of the stomach is carried out using a thin probe or an intraventricular pH-metry is used.

Treatment of Helicobacter pylori is usually performed according to the general rules for the treatment of common gastritis. In some cases, gastritis is erased, so in this case, no specific treatment is required. In the event that there are exacerbations, erosions are formed on the gastric mucosa, it is necessary to treat gastritis Helicobacterial, namely, to carry out measures for the destruction of Helicobakter pylori.

To cope with the disease, there is a triple therapy.

  • antibiotics are prescribed, usually clarithromycin or amoxicillin is used, and tetracycline is also used.
  • antimicrobials are prescribed. It can be metranidazole( trichopolum, tinidazole).
  • proton pump inhibitor, this drug omeprazole, or rabeprazole, as well as preparations of bismuth.

This is the treatment regimen for gastritis Helicobakter pylori used for 7-14 days. In 90% of patients, the bacterium is completely destroyed. After passing the course of treatment with drugs, it is necessary to conduct studies of the gastric mucosa in order to determine with accuracy whether there is a presence of bacteria. In some cases, the examination is conducted at the relatives of the patient so that there is no re-infection, the frequency of which does not exceed 2%.