Abstinence syndrome
The withdrawal syndrome is a siptomocomplex that manifests itself upon withdrawal, which is formed when a person is dependent on a particular psychotropic drug. The withdrawal syndrome introduces inconvenient inconveniences, is capable of creating consequences, with which it is not easy to cope with, and push the person to illegal actions. There is a very common opinion that the withdrawal syndrome is the prerogative of alcoholics. In reality, the withdrawal syndrome is inevitable with any long-term addiction, medication is no exception. In persons with mental problems, it may appear on the drug Cyclodol, used to remove neuroleptic side effects.
Abstinence syndrome - what is it?
The withdrawal syndrome originates, as a medical term, from the Latin word, which has a much more extensive meaning and means abstinence. It is obvious that initially this word was used to explain deprivation from any action or good, but later in the scientific world it was used to refer to the syndrome that occurs with a prolonged withdrawal from psychotropic substances of any composition.
For any person it should be clear that the abstinence syndrome does not arise in the addict under the buzz or drunk alcoholic. But if the person has already reached the "handle" and has accustomed the body to the stimulating substance so much that in his absence is incapable of normal life activity, then this syndrome arises.
The state of the withdrawal syndrome is very hard to tolerate, and there is a correlation, the heavier the drug, the worse the person when he abolishes. And, if the reception of any psychotropic drug is initially spent to get high, then in time a person needs to take the drug simply to live. Only with each dose they are capable of sleeping, eating or other vital needs. But without a dose they do not have the ability to do anything, even to search for a dose, so abstinent syndrome is so expressive.
According to new data, almost any dependencies leave this unfortunate consequence. But how expressive it will be, depends on the substance itself. Not for nothing that they say that there is no possibility to get rid of dependence, there is a chance only to replace it with another. Coffee, tea, sweets, adrenaline sports( and even intimacy), in their special measure, leave an abstinence syndrome, especially when suddenly abolished, but since these substances are weak, the body is quite easily able to compensate for needs independently. But with cocaine and even vodka so will not work. Therefore, it is very important to think about all actions, no pleasure is worth the consequences that it entails.
ABSTRACT SYNDROME IN ALCOHOLICISM
It is important to realize that the withdrawal syndrome does not occur instantaneously, but is formed gradually. With alcoholism, the withdrawal syndrome is formed at a key stage, when the consequences of dependence are irreversible. Alcoholism is not just a frequent intake of alcohol, but a disease caused by the systematic intake of alcoholic beverages or any alcoholic substances. In this case, there is a pathological inadequate craving for them, leading to expressive disorders, both social and mental.
To clearly distinguish the withdrawal syndrome, it is important to correctly distinguish the stages of alcoholism. In beginners with a primary stage, the first thing that causes anxiety is the craving for alcohol. At this stage, it manifests itself as a craving for companies that like to drink, as well as the search for occasions, holidays. The alcoholic is looking for a reason only at the first stage and can still suppress his passions with willpower. At this stage, the withdrawal syndrome is impossible. Also characteristic is a decrease in control in quantity, both in principle and quality, they are not picky about the types of alcohol and are in a hurry to drink with each toast. They gnaw, if something is left undone, they are trying to finish everything. The first thing that they disappear is protective reflexes, for example, vomiting. The culminating second stage of alcoholism occurs with prolonged admission, usually the anamnesis of such people is burdened for not less than a dozen years. That's where the alcoholic is already visible to everyone and the family starts to sound the alarm. These people are already struggling to maintain social success, while there are conflicts, sobering-up stations and absenteeism. All this does not bother the patients themselves, but their relatives on the contrary. Such personalities no longer need any reason to drink, they will drink simply. Here a new symptom complex is added: binges and abstinence syndrome. Personality is not able to control the amount of drunk and even a small dose of taken on the soul pulls huge quantities. Tolerance to alcohol is huge and can reach liters per day. At the final stage, the lethality is already very high, there is a complete social decay of the person. The thought of these people is only about any drink and they are ready for anything to get their own alcohol. The loss of any control over oneself, the urge to drink overcomes any instincts, even self-preservation. Tolerance changes the polarity, now the person gets drunk from small doses, but she needs to drink so often that the debts into which he climbs become irreplaceable. There is already a clear picture of intoxication, with irritation, spitefulness and filthiness without it. The motivation and life of the person completely changes, becoming similar to a half asleep. It is this stage that has a vivid picture of the withdrawal syndrome, which brings the entire family of this poor fellow to the utmost misery.
Causes of abstinence syndrome
To determine the causes of withdrawal symptoms, you need to remember the list of all drugs that are narcotic and all drugs that are not legalized, but from this their effect does not become less dangerous. Narcotic drugs are included in the list of banned trafficking in countries. Amphetamine, which causes bright hallucinatory experiences and allows you to experience an unprecedented fun. Many drugs are not widely available and have different names in the common people: Noxiron, Buprenorine, Spasmoproxy, Diphenoxylate, Methylpentanyl, Catobemidone, Dymethylprodin, Thiofentanil, Monoacetylmorphine.
Especially dangerous narcotic substances with prohibited turnover cause dependence on the expressed abstinence syndrome literally from the first receptions: Brolamfetamine, Hydroxymethylene, Diethyltryptamine, Dimethoxyamphetamine, Ethycyclidone, Catinon, Mescaline, Tenocyclidine, Tetrahydrocarbinol, Fencyclidine, Salvinorin, Bufotenin, Ethylone, Chlorphenylpiperazine, Methylon. Nowadays LSD is also capable of causing abstinence, especially dangerous cocktails from different drugs that are popular in certain disadvantaged circles.
Many plants are also prohibited, due to the presence of narcotic substances in them. In our region, it is often possible to see poppy straws and all plants of the poppy-like type. They contain opium in their composition, which has a powerful narcotic effect, which is a provoker of the withdrawal syndrome. Plants from the genus kanabioids, in the common people hemp, can also provoke the formation of an abstinence syndrome, but it develops slowly enough.
Severe withdrawal symptoms of are typical when taking heroin, but it is more common abroad. The fetus and any part of the fungus that contains psilocybin or psilocin is also dangerous with regard to addiction, and, withdrawal symptoms. Cocaine and coca leaves belong to illicit drugs.
With drug drugs, Morphine is considered to be used in deadly patients. The famous cough medicine Codeine, which suppresses the cough center, was very common in past generations, but is banned in our time. Barbital, a strong hypnotic and all its analogues also have a side effect of addiction and are capable of provoking withdrawal symptoms. Diazepam, which is used in premedication and as an antiallergic agent. Such partially prohibited drugs also belong to: Galanzepam, Delorazepam, Estazolam, Estil loftazepad, Clonazepam, Midazelam, Nitrazepam, Oxazolam, Phenazepam, Phentermine, Zolpidem, Cyclobarbital, Flunitrazepam.
Philistines think that alcoholism is formed only with the intake of strongly alcoholic drugs, but any ethyl alcohol, even in small quantities, alcohol with prolonged reception causes withdrawal symptoms.
Symptoms of withdrawal syndrome
All clinic of this problem appears when a person refuses a pleasure-giving drug. And the longer the refusal, the sadder the clinic. Such persons become psychomotor excited, while there is high aggressiveness. The body hurts, it breaks down in the common people, and the pain can be so intolerable that the person is ready for anything.
Signs of withdrawal symptoms - body aches and disorders. Sleep is broken, in severe cases it is simply impossible, if it is even there, then it is intermittent, with nightmares.
An important manifestation of the intoxication mechanism of the problem is nausea and vomiting, which in some cases are extremely pronounced. The body very often begins to show its soreness, there is an arrhythmia, the pressure rises, a person may think that death is just around the corner. The head absolutely ceases to think, the thought is one, to get a dose, thus there is a giddiness, the head simply "splits".
The condition of the withdrawal syndrome is often accompanied by a change in temperature, while the person feels that he is thrown into the cold, then unexpectedly heat. Severe withdrawal symptoms can be accompanied by frequent disorders, diarrhea. Symptoms of withdrawal symptoms manifest themselves in the form of convulsive seizures, sometimes similar to epileptiform ones.
Alcoholics symptoms of withdrawal symptoms are manifested in the form of a bad mood, unreal fatigue, pain in the body and trembling. In this case, a bad appetite is combined with belching and heartburn, frustration and unpleasant discomfort. Occasionally, psychiatric manifestations are added, like senestopathies, crawling ants, unpleasant sounds. Vegetatics is considerably affected, which is manifested in sweating, considerable tremor and pressure changes. Alcoholics in a severe withdrawal syndrome are very depressed, behave hysterically, anxiously and depleted.
In persons with a problem of smoking, the problem is expressed much less, but there is an abstinence syndrome, because it is so hard to refuse smoking. Such individuals are seen, because they are very eager to smoke, envious contemplate, if someone smokes. In addition, they are very irritable, can break down on trifles. There may be problems with the body, pain, nausea, dizziness, but the appetite is usually elevated. The dream of such people is problematic, they become more despotic.
In general, there are always symptoms from the psyche, regardless of the type of dependence, all people are irritable, grumpy and easily go to a conflict.
Stages of abstinence syndrome
Abstinence is formed by a similar mechanism, regardless of the type of dependence, simply depends on the strength of the drug. And the more powerful the drug, the faster the dependence is formed and the sooner the stages go, becoming irreversible.
First there is only a psychological need, which manifests itself as a separate symptom. At the initial stage, the problem is only at the psychic level, but it already causes a significant discomfort to the dependent person. An important criterion for the emergence and risk of abstinence syndrome is a decrease in tolerance, that is, the person is forced to gradually increase and maximize dosing.
A psychotropic substance for a person is required to begin with in order to relieve discomfort. It acts as a social catalyst, simplifying communication in society. Usually it at this stage is divided into negative motivation, that is, with the purpose of forgetting something. He knows that by introducing a drug, he will become cheerful and vigorous, forget about his grievances, sadness and adversity. But in the case of positive motivation, a person takes for the sake of the pleasure he receives. Negative and positive motivation is subdivided by psychiatry( for disabling symptoms or their appearance), but on the human side, any use is always negative. Reception of such means weakens the control of the person, the person feels itself almighty, interesting and successful. Well, who will refuse such, but if to throw, then at this stage, then it is almost impossible to continue. The duration of this, as if, an inoffensive period, varies depending on the organisms of the person and the type of drug. Already at this stage there are neurotic disorders, sleep deprivation and irritability.
Physical dependence is much more complicated than being copied. In this outcome, the psychotropic drug has already entered the metabolism of the dependent person and without it normal behavior is impossible. This is where the classical abstinence appears with all its consequences and fragility. The person is already so badly without a drug that he can not even think that he should not be taken. It's just a necessity.
At the last stage of the withdrawal syndrome, the psychotropic drug is already used at the level of vital necessity, that is, without it the personality is already incapable of anything. She no longer feels the slightest pleasure from all this, but just to live and get rid of the pain of withdrawal is forced to use.
Treatment of abstinence syndrome
With abstinence syndrome, complex treatment is used because the drug affects negatively all organs. At home, withdrawal symptoms are not the best idea, but sometimes there is a need.
Abstinence syndrome should first be removed. For this purpose, agents with anti-toxication effect are administered. First, you need to use a dropper with properly calculated salt therapy and glucose solutions, you must use diuretics to prevent edema of any localization, but the most dangerous manifestation will naturally be swelling of the brain tissue. Such therapy is very conducive to the removal of malignant metabolites and toxins, which very adversely contribute to the person. With mental disorders, tranquilizers are added: Meprobamate, Andaxin, Elenium, Librium, Tazepam, Nosepam, Nitrazepam, Mebikar, Trioxazine, Diazepam, Seduxen, Relanium.
Symptoms of withdrawal symptoms are well compensated by maintenance therapy. To restore the organism level, it is very important to support every organ. In some cases, there is a need to use antihypertensives: Lozap, Hypothiazide, Vasar, beta-blockers, Valsartan, calcium antagonists. Severe withdrawal symptoms are manifested by sleep disorders, so it is necessary to use sleeping pills: Barbiturates, Persen, Meloxin, Donormil, Corvalol, Novopasit, Persen, Phytosedan, Glycine. Analeptics to maintain the heart muscle and respiratory muscles. Severe withdrawal symptoms are cured by glucocorticoids, which have a strong anti-inflammatory effect. To maintain vital organs apply Karsil, Glutargin, Fish oil, Piracetam, Asparcum, Cocarboxylase, Aevit, Holosas, Gepabene.
To restore the body very effective drugs are available from the narcologists, they are able to quickly promote the recovery of an addicted person. But for complete recovery from dependence, only willpower and an iron desire to stop is needed. Suggestive techniques in some cases are effective. In the following cases, the psychoanalytic technique is very effective. Behavioral conditioned reflex methods work well for creating a conditioned reflex with aversion to a psychotropic agent.
For the subsequent socialization of a person, labor-and social therapy is simply necessary, facilitating direct adaptation in the conditions of life.
Withdrawal and withdrawal of withdrawal symptoms at home
For all protocols, it is not recommended, if possible, to stop this piquant problem at home, but in the absence of any other possible options, it is necessary in some cases to resort to extreme measures.
The most effective method will be a nutrient dropper, designed to maintain the body, but there must be a person who can supply it: Glutargin 40% 5 ml in an ampoule with 250 ml of physiological solution injected drip into the legs many intoxication problems. Intramuscularly, you can inject Thiamin and Pyridoxine, which very effectively nourish the entire nervous system. For nutrition at the organism level of each organ and sedative psychic effect, we use Diphenhydramine 1 ml, Asparcum 5 ml, Pyracetam 5 ml, Cocarboxylase 50 mg, Ascorbic acid 2 ml.
It will be very useful to use absorbents that contribute to the removal of toxins and partial purification of the body: White coal, Sorbex, Activated carbon, Smecta. But with abstinence syndrome it is very important to distinguish the pursued goals, if you consider that the drug person is needed for normal functioning, then a complete cleansing of the body will lead to immense aggression. Thus, in order to stop the abstinence state in individual cases, it is simply necessary to give a small dose of the drug, on which the personality depends. This can significantly help to stop the symptoms and bring a person to the necessary institution.
But this is a popular method that physicians do not welcome, because, thus, a breakdown is provoked. If the person is determined not to drink, then apply Medrochronal, added nutritious food, flooding with medicinal mineral waters and vitamin therapy. The whole family necessarily supports and encourages the dependent person even with minimal success.
