ADHD - is a syndrome in which pronounced attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and it appears as a neurological and behavioral disorders in childhood development of the child.
main distinguishing features of this syndrome on the basis of which is diagnosed, are the following symptoms: difficulty concentrating, hyperactivity( increased activity), as well as unyielding control impulsivity ADHD
Allocated to the leading role in the disease syndrome genetic factor.
In the complex, often accompanying disorders are bipolar affective disorder, Tourette's syndrome, dyslexia, Asperger's syndrome.
ADHD, as well as its treatment and correction in its time caused a lot of controversy. In the real existence of ADHD continues to doubt a number of doctors, psychologists, educators, parents and just the public. Some are convinced that ADHD is not an existing diagnosis, and others are inclined to believe in the existence of genetic and physiological causes of an impulsive hyperactive state in young children.
American psychotherapists view ADHD from a neurological point of view, as a persistent and chronic disease for which there is no cure. This disorder, according to America, affects up to 5% of the child population, as well as an adult.
According to the current diagnostic criteria in Russia, ADHD in children is detected at the end of the preschool, and at later stages at the end of school age. For the final determination of the diagnosis, an assessment of behavior in two social conditions( at home and in school) is required. The revealed infringements in training and social behavior give the bases for installation of the diagnosis of ADHD.The objectivity of the diagnosis of ADHD in children and the real reason for the appointment of Medicine treatment remains open and controversial, as there is no uniform diagnostic criteria and methods for evaluate the symptoms of the disease.
ADHD is more common in boys. Frequency Distribution of boys to girls from 3: 1, but sometimes 9: 1
Diagnosing ADHD Currently, establish the diagnosis of ADHD based on the phenomenological psychological characteristics. Signs of ADHD tend to manifest only after a while and periodically recur.
parallel with attention one of the main signs of ADHD impulsive acts, which manifests itself in the inability to keep control over their behavior under certain requirements on the part of adults. Such children are characterized by a quick reaction to the situation, they do not wait for precise instructions and instructions, they do not adequately assess the requirements for the assignment. And in the end, absent-mindedness, inattention, lightheadedness, carelessness. Such children can not prevent negative, as well as destructive, dangerous consequences caused by their actions. Often kids put themselves at risk, showing unnecessary boldness and quirks in front of their peers. As a result, accidents occur. Children with ADHD are able to easily, without thinking to inflict material damage to property. Difficulty in diagnosing ADHD is manifested in the fact that the syndrome is accompanied by another disorder - is Tourette syndrome
Classification DSM-IV
to establish ADHD diagnosis requires the presence of the test six, as well as more of the following symptoms on a "Inattention" on "Hyperactivity", as well asThe presence of one sign of "Impulsivity".These signs should be observed in the child for six months.
Suggested Symptoms for "Inattention" :
- unable to keep a lot of attention on details, negligently and frivolously mistakes in the performance of tasks
- hardly focuses on assignments, and also during
games- it seems to you that the child does not hear the speech of
addressed to him - the child is often unable to follow the instructions offered and to cope with the lessons on the school program without external causes for the
- the child alone is unable to perform the assignment or commit to other activities
- if possible, avoid tasks that require mental concentration( school homework)
- the child loses school supplies( pens, pencils, notebooks, rulers, erasers)
- the child easily distracted
- shows constant forgetfulness
Suggested symptoms for "ASAP" :
- the child often has restless spontaneous movements in the hands, and also stops
- sitting on a chair the child constantly turns, moves, gets up from his place duringLessons when you want to sit
- shows an aimless activity in the movements: it turns, jumps run, somewhere the
climbs - can not quietly play or quietly engage in something
- is in constant motion,
suggested signs of "Impulsiveness" : the child answers without hesitation and does not listen to the end of the
- there is no patience to wait for something
- prevents others from talking, interrupts the conversation
In adults, whenThe presence of an undetected problem in childhood, the symptoms of ADHD persist throughout life. According to statistics, such people are from 30% or more. In the presence of ADHD in adults, there are difficulties with attention, with the study of new material, in interpersonal relationships. The high prevalence of ADHD occurs in unemployed, unmarried men. And in general, the development of ADHD depends on psychological problems and psychiatric diseases
Opinions of specialists from different countries differ in the methods of treatment and correction of ADHD.But all unanimously consider effective the integrated approach. An integrated approach combines several methods. This includes modification of behavior, psychotherapy, pedagogical and neuropsychological correction.
Drug therapy is recommended for individual indications and only when problems with ADHD can not really be overcome with the help of non-pharmacological methods. Assign doctors atomoxetine, which is not a psychostimulant and does not apply to amphetamine derivatives. When the drug was used, there was no record of an increase in symptoms of ADHD or other undesirable events occurring due to withdrawal.
Since 2010, Australian studies on efficacy have been published, as well as negative indications for the treatment of ADHD stimulants. The prolonged study for the diseased lasted 20 years.
Nootropic drugs are effective in the treatment of ADHD, which improve brain function, metabolism and energy, and also increase the tone of the cortex. Thus, nootropics in the treatment of ADHD activate higher mental functions. In parallel, doctors prescribe drugs consisting of amino acids to improve brain metabolism, as well as antidepressants.
Non-drug treatment includes a neuropsychological method-exercises, through which the patient is "transferred" to earlier childhood and restores neural connections. Correction of the neuropsychological technique lasts nine months. As a result, after treatment, the patient's brain functions more efficiently, all functions are restored.
The syndromic method takes into account the freedom of action, the desire of the ill when selecting a task. The method takes into account that the child is diligent when he is interested.
There are developed mobile games where the victory in games a child with ADHD is due to impulsiveness. But at some point he should still pay attention.
Behavioral psychotherapy( behavioral) includes pedagogical tactics: method of encouragement, as well as punishment. It is recommended to inspire the child, to give a positive definite attitude.
Method of family psychotherapy where the child receives the first communication skills
Strongly acting drugs that are prescribed to patients do not always have a positive effect. There are cases when after receiving drugs, symptoms of unmotivated aggression appeared in children. Attacks of unmotivated aggression are expressed in outbursts of anger directed at the crowd, their peers, adults, relatives with the use of firearms, poisonous substances and other accessible means for children. And despite this, there is a questionable polemic around ADHD about the existence of mental disorder.
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