Diseases of the intestine

Each of us had to deal with various problems of the intestine. Bloating, increased gas production, diarrhea or constipation - these symptoms are not accepted to speak out loud, but from time to time they make themselves felt. Most people do not attach any importance to them. At best, the patient tries to cure himself with yoghurts and pills, but does not hurry for help to the doctor.

Fermented milk products are undoubtedly useful for the intestines, however they are recommended to be used only for preventive purposes. But to eliminate the cause of the symptoms, you need to see a doctor. It is best to consult a gastroenterologist. The doctor will examine and prescribe a further examination. In this article we will consider the most common diseases of the intestine.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

IBS is a complex digestive disorder in the intestine that is not associated with intestinal damage. Symptoms of the disease last at least three months. In this case, the patient complains of a feeling of discomfort in the abdominal area, pain in the abdomen, rumbling and meteorisms. In addition, patients are often concerned about the feeling of incomplete emptying of the intestine, as well as stool( diarrhea, constipation).

Causes of

The most common syndrome of irritable bowel affects people with unstable psyche, as well as those who are exposed to stress. In addition, IBS can occur due to eating disorders, sedentary lifestyle, lack of fiber in food, because of hormonal disorders, because of gynecological diseases, because of acute intestinal infections with dysbiosis.

Symptoms of the disease

Under the influence of various factors, the sensitivity of receptors in the walls of the intestine changes, as a result of this there is a disruption of the bowel. Pain occurs as a result of excessive gas formation or spasms. With irritable bowel syndrome, the patient complains of: diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea, a feeling of heaviness in the stomach.

As a rule, all symptoms occur after experiencing or stress. Often with the main symptoms there are additional: insomnia, headache, dry mouth, tinnitus, a sense of lack of air, as well as increased urination.

Diagnosis and treatment of the disease

To establish the correct diagnosis, the doctor - gastroenterologist prescribes such tests and examination: biochemical and general blood analysis, stool analysis, colonoscopy, irrigoscopy, sigmoidoscopy.

After confirming the diagnosis, the doctor prescribes a special therapeutic diet, as well as some medications that will help eliminate the main symptoms of the disease.

Colitis

Colitis is an inflammation of the inner mucosa of the large intestine. Colitis can occur in two forms: acute and chronic. In acute form, as a rule, in addition to inflammation of the large intestine, there is inflammation of the small intestine and stomach. Colitis is infectious, ulcerative, medicinal, ischemic and the like.

Causes of the disease

Colitis may occur due to: intestinal infection, due to a violation of the blood supply to the intestine, after taking antibiotics and other medications, due to improper nutrition, due to food allergies, due to intestinal dysbiosis, because ofWorms and poisonings, because of foci of infection in the pancreas and gallbladder.

Symptomatic of the disease

Colitis occurs as a result of damage to the intestinal mucosa. Colitis caused by intestinal infection is very violent. Microbes and bacteria that enter the mucous membrane damage it, resulting in an inflammatory process. The walls of the intestine swell, the peristalsis and the secretion of mucus are disrupted. At the patient there are desires on a defecation, diarrhea, pains in a stomach. Sometimes the temperature rises. In feces, mucus and blood may appear. As a rule, colitis in acute form can last from several days to several weeks. In chronic form, the disease can take much longer.

Diagnosis and treatment of the disease

This disease is handled by two doctors - a coloproctologist and a gatroenterologist. To diagnose colitis, the doctor prescribes a series of examinations: irrigoscopy, colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy. An ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity may also be prescribed.

After confirming the diagnosis, the doctor prescribes a special diet, as well as drugs that will help to eliminate the original cause of the disease and the main symptoms of the disease.

Diverticulosis of large intestine

In the case of diverticulosis of the colon, small saccular protrusions form on the walls of the intestine. Most often this disease affects the elderly.

Causes of the disease

As a rule, the disease occurs due to insufficient amount of plant food in the diet. It can also occur if the patient eats a lot of meat and flour dishes that lead to constipation. In addition to constipation, the development of diverticulosis can lead to: meteorisms, obesity, intestinal infections, prolonged intake of laxatives.

Symptoms of the disease

With age, the bowel elasticity decreases. As a result of constipation and meteorisms, some areas of the intestine are protruding. This leads to diverticula. As a rule, patients with the disease complain of: abdominal pain, which appear in the left side of the abdomen, a violation of the stool, rumbling and bloating.

With accumulation of fecal masses in the diverticula, inflammation occurs. With inflammation a person's body temperature rises, abdominal pain intensifies, blood and mucus appear in the stool, and the patient is worried about increased flatulence.

If the disease is not treated, it can lead to various complications: to intestinal bleeding, to intestinal obstruction, and to purulent inflammation of the abdominal cavity.

Diagnosis and treatment of the disease

The doctor-gastroenterologist is engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. He appoints a number of examinations: blood and feces analyzes, irrigoscopy, colonoscopy.

In case of complicated diverticulosis the patient is hospitalized. In addition, the patient is prescribed medication. For various complications, the doctor may prescribe a surgical procedure.

Intestinal obstruction

In intestinal obstruction, food is disrupted or stopped by the intestine. Most often this disease affects people who have had surgery on the intestines or stomach, as well as people of advanced age.

Causes of the disease

Disease occurs as a result of a violation of intestinal motility. Dynamic intestinal obstruction occurs as a result of surgical interventions on the abdominal organs, with the administration of certain medications, as well as after complications of other diseases( appendicitis, acute pancreatitis, acute cholecystitis, and the like).

Mechanical intestinal obstruction occurs as a result of intestinal swells, nodules, intestinal jamming. All this can happen because of: adhesions, tumors in the intestine or on neighboring organs, hernias, gallstones and so on.

Symptoms of the disease

Initially, the patient has abdominal pain, then the intestinal contractions are felt, after a time, vomiting and stool and gas retention may appear. In rare cases, diarrhea appears with blood. General health deteriorates rapidly, and the abdomen asymmetrically swells. Most often, the patient needs immediate surgical intervention.

Diagnosis and treatment of the disease

The patient is given an X-ray examination of the abdominal organs, as well as a blood test. In the first six hours of the disease, doctors wash the stomach, make enemas and a dropper. If the condition does not get better, begin the operation.