Symptoms of salpingoophoritis

Among the large number of gynecological diseases, one of the most common, especially among women who have an active sex life, is salpingoophoritis.This ailment in the absence of adequate and timely treatment can lead to the development of infertility, and several of its forms - tubal and hormonal.Therefore, every woman should know how this disease manifests, so that in case of his symptoms appear immediately to the gynecologist.

Salpingo-oophoritis is an inflammation of the uterine appendages: the fallopian tubes and ovaries. The causes of inflammation of these organs are microorganisms that penetrate into the internal parts of the female reproductive system both from the external environment( during sexual intercourse, non-observance of the rules of intimate hygiene, abortion, etc.) and endogenously( through blood, lymph from the foci of inflammation inOther bodies).

Contents: causes and precipitating factors Complications Symptoms salpingoophoritis salpingoophoritis How is it diagnosed salpingo Treatment Prevention salpingoophoritis

causes and triggers

often leads to the development of salpingoophoritis following microorganisms:

• Staphylococci.
• Streptococci.
• Gonococci.
• Chlamydia( these microorganisms especially like living in the epithelium lining the fallopian tubes).
• Intestinal sticks.
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

However, it should be noted that even if these microorganisms penetrate the fallopian tubes or ovaries, inflammation of the appendages does not necessarily occur.For example, in women with strong immunity, the body can effectively resist these pathogens. The following factors may provoke the development of salpingo-oophoritis( or exacerbation of the chronic form of the disease):

• Subcooling.And it is not necessary to get very cold, for some women it is enough to soak your feet or dive into cool water once.
• Overstrain.
• Stresses.
• Abortion( this is, firstly, the strongest stress for the female body, and, secondly, a high risk of infection into the uterus and its appendages).
• No normal power supply.
• Immunodeficiency states.
• General acute diseases.

Symptoms of salpingo-ophoritis

There are two variants of the flow of salpingo-oophoritis :

• Acute.
• Chronic with persistent relapses.

In acute salpingo-ophritis patients are concerned:

• Severe pain in the lower abdomen, in the genital area, in the lower back.
• Elevated body temperature.
• Weakness and general malaise.
• Violation of urination( painfulness may appear during urination).

Chronic salpingo-oophoritis, as a rule, develops due to the absence of treatment for acute disease. Symptoms of chronic inflammation of the appendages can be:

• Violation of menstrual function.The cycle becomes irregular, menstruation is painful, plentiful and prolonged or, conversely, short and meager.
• Periodic aching pain in the groin.
• Discomfort during intercourse.

Under the above-mentioned provoking factors, chronic salpingo-oophoritis is periodically exacerbated, and patients notice the appearance of symptoms characteristic of the acute form of the disease.

Complications of salpingo-oophoritis

Due to the chronic inflammatory process, the appendages of the uterus are partially replaced by scar tissue.As a result, there is obstruction of the fallopian tubes, dysfunction of the ovaries( decreased production of sex hormones, the inability of the egg to leave the follicle due to compaction of the organ capsule, etc.).In addition, the body, trying to resist the spread of infection in other organs, begins to protect the infectious focus with a connective tissue - spikes are formed between the peritoneum and the ovaries, tubes and uterus. All this entails infertility, which in this case is very difficult to treat. To restore the patency and mobility of the fallopian tubes, to clear the ovaries of adhesions, doctors have to resort even to surgical intervention.

Another serious and life-threatening disease that develops as a result of the chronic inflammatory process in the uterine appendages is an ectopic pregnancy. Due to the presence of a soldering process in the small pelvis and the violation of the patency of the fallopian tubes, a fertilized egg can not penetrate into the uterine cavity and for the time being continues its development in unsuitable places - the fallopian tubes and even the peritoneum.Due to the germination of chorionic villi in the tissue and their integrity( for example, breaking of the uterine tube), severe bleeding develops, which can be fatal for a woman.

How is salpingo-oophoritis diagnosed

Patient examination plan with suspicion of salpingo-oophoritis usually includes:

• Interview with a physician( collection of complaints, anamnesis, etc.).
• Gynecological examination with all accompanying procedures( taking smears for bacterioscopy and cytological examination).
• Ultrasound of the uterus and appendages.
• General blood and urine tests.

If necessary, a bacteriological study( material from the vagina, menstrual blood, scraping of the endometrium), hysterosalpingography, diagnostic laparoscopy( in its course the specialist can see the changes characteristic for tuberculosis of the genital organs) and other diagnostic procedures.

Treatment of salpingo-oophoritis

The treatment strategy for patients with salpingo-oophoritis is determined by the clinical picture: only conservative treatment can be performed or combined with surgical intervention and subsequent drug therapy.

In acute form of the disease, hospitalization of patients in the gynecological department is almost always recommended, but chronic salpingoophoritis can be treated on an outpatient basis( a woman can take all medications prescribed by a doctor at home, go to physiotherapy, etc.)

As a medicamentThe following groups of medicines are used in the acute period of the disease:

• Antibiotics.They prefer those that act immediately on a large number of microorganisms and penetrate well into tissues and cells( for example, fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins of the last generation, macrolides).
• Drugs effective against protozoa and anaerobes, - Metronidazole, etc.
• Anti-inflammatory drugs that also have analgesic activity.Apply drugs of this group, both rectally and orally.
• Antihistamines.
• Vitamins that have antioxidant effects.
• Immunomodulators( prescribe preparations of recombinant interferons).

In the recovery phase, a preventive formation of adhesion therapy is mandatory, which includes the use of both drugs( Wobenzima, etc.) and various physiotherapeutic methods( diathermy, ultrasound, etc.).

In addition, with acute salpingo-oophoritis, various homeopathic remedies can be used( Ginekohel, etc.).These drugs have anti-inflammatory efficacy and contribute to the normalization of ovarian function.

If a woman is diagnosed with purulent salpingo-oophoritis, one must resort to surgery. To date, gynecologists prefer laparoscopic operations, during which by using special equipment through small incisions on the abdomen, doctors open and sanitize pyosalpinks( cavities in the fallopian tubes filled with pus).After the operation, patients must prescribe antibiotic therapy.

In addition, if salpingo-oophoritis is specific( caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis), antituberculous treatment is performed.

In chronic salpingo-oophoritis in the period of exacerbation, patients are prescribed therapy, the same as with acute disease, and in the period of remission - resorption treatment. In addition, in such cases, oral hormonal contraception( for 6-8 months) is shown, but not for preventing pregnancy, but for normalizing the hormonal background in the patient's body.

In case of severe pain syndrome and pronounced adhesion process in the pelvic region, surgical intervention is also performed, during which spikes are dissected, the patency of the fallopian tubes is restored, fluid formations are removed in the uterine appendages.Such operations help women increase the chance to become a mother.

As for folk methods and self-treatment at home, then with salpingo-oophoritis, neither the first nor the second is permissible. Without properly selected antibiotic therapy, acute salpingo-oophoritis can quickly become purulent, and a breakthrough of pus beyond the appendages of the uterus threatens the development of a very serious complication, pelvioperitonitis.The only thing a woman can help with severe pain before going to the doctor is to take an anesthetic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and apply cold to the stomach( heat is contraindicated).Douching, herbal infusions, ointments and other home remedies for salpingoophoritis are ineffective.

Prophylaxis

Prevention of salpingo-ohoritis is as follows:

• In protected sexual intercourse.
• In refusing abortions.
• In the timely treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases( any localization).
• In the right intimate hygiene.

In addition, in order to protect their genitals from inflammatory processes and maintain their reproductive function, every woman should eat well, be physically active, have a rest, do not overcool, and generally take care of her health.

Zubkova Olga Sergeevna, medical reviewer, epidemiologist