Gastritis: types, symptoms, diets, treatment

Inflammation of the mucous layer of the inner sides of the walls of the stomach is differentiated in medicine as a gastritis.This disease affects both adults and children, it can occur in acute and chronic form, is diagnosed only after specific surveys and has a classification based on the nature of the acidity of gastric juice( increased, decreased, moderate).

Table of contents: Types and forms of gastritis Causes of gastritis development Symptoms of gastritis Recommended reading:

Types and forms of gastritis

There are two types of gastritis:

1. Acute.Symptoms always occur suddenly, have a high intensity, can be variable and disappear "on their own".
2. Chronic.Discomfort sensations and pain syndrome are present all the time, but differ in weak expression.Exacerbations of the inflammatory process on the gastric mucosa can occur either after persistent diet disorders, or seasonally - most often patients complain of deterioration of well-being in the fall and spring.

A more detailed classification of chronic gastritis is given in the table:

There is a classification of gastritis and the type of acidity of gastric juice:

• gastritis with increased acidity;
• gastritis with low acidity;
• is an inflammation against the background of a moderate level of acidity of gastric juice.

If the gastritis was triggered by a short-term aggressive effect on the gastric mucosa, the physician will need to differentiate the following types of the inflammatory process under consideration:

• catarrhal - the cause of the development is food poisoning;
• fibrinous and necrotic - these types of gastritis occur only when poisoned with salts of heavy metals;
• phlegmonous - can only be diagnosed if there is a history of gastric injury.

It is generally accepted that gastritis can be caused by pathogenic microbes, but most often the inflammatory disease under consideration is of non-bacterial origin. In this case, the classification of gastritis will be the following :

1. NSAIDs due to.This is a long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs - they have a positive effect in the treatment of a disease, but inevitably change the structure of the gastric mucosa.
2. Alcohol.Alcohol abuse can also lead to mucosal damage and the development of an inflammatory process. Please note : it is not necessary for a person to be an alcoholic, it is enough to take alcoholic beverages regularly.By the way, according to statistics gastritis of an alcoholic kind those people who prefer to drink beer suffer.
3. Postoperative.In this case, there are in view of the recovery periods after the involuntary resection of the stomach( removal of part of the organ), when the likelihood of developing gastritis is very high.

Causes of gastritis development

This inflammatory process can occur for many reasons - in principle, doctors say that even an unstable psychoemotional state leads to pathological processes in the gastric mucosa. But still, medicine identifies several main factors that most often provoke the development of gastritis:

1. Negative effect of Helicobacter pylori bacteria on the gastric mucosa. Note : some people generally do not experience any difficulties from the presence of these bacteria in the stomach.Why this happens, scientists and doctors still can not explain.

1. Regular eating disorders.It's about notorious "snacks" - students, office workers and many other people consider it normal to eat fast food, fried cheburek or grandmother's patty instead of a full meal.At the same time, these dishes are drunk with harmful carbonated drinks, and all together give an impetus to the development of pathological changes in the gastric mucosa.
2. Duodenal reflux.This pathology is characterized by regular discharges of bile into the stomach.Getting into the stomach, bile irritates the mucous organ and provokes the development of gastritis.
3. Processes of autoimmune character.This cause of the inflammatory process on the stomach mucosa is not well understood, but doctors are sure that regular immune system disorders lead to destruction of the structure of the mucous organs, including the stomach.

In addition, the importance of physicians give the factor of hereditary predisposition - according to statistics in the presence of any disease of the gastrointestinal tract in the genus can lead to the onset of early gastritis in offspring.

More details about the causes of chronic gastritis are told by a specialist:

Symptoms of gastritis

Symptomatic of the disease under consideration is variable and depends on what form or type of pathology is present.

Gastritis with high acidity

The main symptom is a pain syndrome with localization in the solar plexus area.Characterized by pain of high intensity, paroxysmal appearance. In addition to pain, gastritis with increased acidity is different:

• heartburn in the morning;
• pain in the right hypochondrium;
• with a belch with a rotten smell / taste;
• with prolonged rumbling in the abdomen;
• diarrhea;
• presence of a taste of metal in the mouth.

Gastritis with low acidity

In this case, the pain syndrome will be virtually absent, but patients complain of a feeling of fullness of the stomach even after taking a small amount of food, weight in the abdomen regardless of the schedule of food intake, increased gas production.

Acute gastritis

Always appears suddenly and has pronounced signs:

• paroxysmal pain in the solar plexus;
• nausea and vomiting - these symptoms are variable: they may be absent;
• in the mouth appears a steady metallic taste;
• body temperature rises.

Chronic gastritis

No pain, but there may be a palpable discomfort after eating fatty foods, foods not included in the diet.Periodically, heartburn and "rotten" eructation, bloating.

Methods for treatment of gastritis

All types of gastritis should be treated only under the supervision of medical workers.

First, it will be necessary to undergo a thorough examination and not only to confirm the development of inflammation of the gastric mucosa, but also to ascertain the prevalence of pathology, its exact localization and the depth of inflammation.

Secondly, the selection of medicines must be carried out exclusively on an individual basis - there are many conventions, for example, hypersensitivity / individual intolerance of specific drugs.Thirdly, you need to achieve complete remission with a chronic form of gastritis or cure acute, because "frozen" gastritis can lead to the development of a stomach ulcer - a pathology that poses a certain danger to the health and life of the patient.

Recommended to read:

Medical treatment

When performing therapy, doctors use an integrated approach to appointments. The following groups of medicines are most often used:

• antidotes - Smecta or activated charcoal;
• adsorbents - alum, hydrotalcite;
• antidiarrheal preparations;
• antibiotics of the tetracycline series( doxycycline);
• antiallergic agents.

Diet

In the treatment of gastritis, a leading role in obtaining a therapeutic effect is played by diets.If the patient does not adhere to the recommended diet, then even the most powerful, potent drugs of the last generation will not bring relief.Doctors can prescribe different types of diets, based on the results of the survey.

Diet for gastritis with high acidity

If it is a chronic gastritis with high acidity, then 3 weeks after the next aggravation of the inflammatory process, food should be as gentle as possible. It is allowed to enter non-fat milk in the menu:

• ;
• soups on chicken broths;
• milk soups( not sweet);
• steamed vegetables;
• eggs boiled soft-boiled;
• meat of low-fat varieties and lean fish, steamed or boiled;
• baking from an unleavened dough.

Strictly forbidden to eat:

• pancakes;
• baking pastry;
• rye bread;
• sour-milk products;
• fatty foods;
• sausages and sausages;
• onion, cabbage and tomatoes;Pickles and marinades
• ;
• fried and smoked products.

Diet for gastritis with low acidity

In this case, it is necessary to actively stimulate the stomach to release full gastric juice. And therefore, even after exacerbation of a chronic form of gastritis with low acidity, you can eat:

• soups, broths and vegetable broths;
• cutlets from fish and meat, steamed;
• eggs boiled soft-boiled or hard-boiled, omelets;
• jammed, compotes;
• vegetable purees;
• curd;
• chicken cooked.

The reduced acidity of gastric juice forces us to abandon:

• hard meat;
• spices;
• sauces;
• of fatty milk;
• whole grain bread;
• bakery baking.

Note : for any type of gastritis, patients should eat warm food - hot and cold will irritate the gastric mucosa and provoke new bouts of pain.

Recommendations from specialists

Gastritis is considered a fairly common disease and therefore the methods of its treatment are well known.If patients will adhere to certain recommendations from doctors, the course of the inflammatory process in the gastric mucosa will be "facilitated". Things to remember for patients diagnosed with gastritis:

1. Try not to break the diet - meals should be at least 5 meals per day.
2. If you have to use "forbidden" products( it was a holiday, ate a shish kebab and the like)Then the next day reduce the aggressive effect on the mucous - in the menu should be rubbed soups, broths.
3. Regularly drink teas from mint and balm - they not only correct the psycho-emotional state( nervousness and irritation can cause exacerbation of chronic gastritis), but also reduce the intensity of the pain syndrome.
4. If the exacerbations of the chronic form of the inflammatory process under consideration occur in the spring and autumn, then with the appearance of the first signs of the pathological process, you can take a course of taking Ranitidine( 10 days, 2 tablets per day).
5. At least 2 times a year undergo preventive examinations with the attending physician - this will reduce the risk of developing gastric ulcer at times.
6. During periods of exacerbation of inflammation, it is better not to go in for sports.

It is very important to realize that this disease, proceeding in chronic form, is incurable and therefore some restrictions and prohibitions will have to be observed throughout life.But this does not mean that the way of life will be radically changed - people with diagnosed gastritis are not prohibited from doing sports, giving birth to children, and doing extreme work.

You can get more information about the signs of gastritis, its diagnosis, treatment of gastritis and diets for gastritis by reviewing this review:

Tsygankova Yana Aleksandrovna, medical reviewer, therapeutist of the highest qualification category.