Jak syfilis w ustach: fotografia i diagnostyka

Syphilis in the mouth is a common disease of the modern generation, which ignores the rules of healthy sexual contacts, regular check-ups.In some cases it is enough to simply use the subject of an infected person - a toothbrush, a fork, a toothpick, etc.Unfortunately, the disease is treated only in the early stages, which are not always diagnosed in a timely manner.

Why syphilis develops in the mouth

In this article we will look at the causes of infection by treponema, the main symptoms at each stage of the disease and the methods of effective therapy.

Many patients have no examples of infection with syphilis for life.And, nevertheless, it does not make the disease more rare or less dangerous, as it can be infected absolutely anyone at any age and place.

In the mouth, the disease can manifest itself for several reasons.

The patient visited the doctor with non-sterile instruments and tools .As a rule, this concerns specializations aimed at working in the oral cavity( dentists, ENTs, infectious disease specialists, therapists, etc.).
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Triponeme is easily transmitted through the blood, the remains of which can be found even on medical instruments.Sometimes the microorganism gets into the patient's blood due to an illiterate injection or operation, unsterile syringes, scalpels, etc.

Syphilis of the oral cavity
Occupational disease .Simultaneously with the patient, a doctor( dentist, gynecologist, venereologist, therapist, etc.) may be at risk, who directly contacts sick syphilis.As a rule, the transmission of the pathogen is carried out through microcracks on the hands( the doctor did not wear gloves), or instruments and instruments( did not undergo appropriate treatment after contact with the syphilitic).
Intrauterine transfer of the tryponema .Unfortunately, some doctors allow a sick woman to give birth and do not do proper therapy, after which the baby is born with symptoms of syphilis in the mouth.Infection occurs in utero through the mother's blood.
Injured mucosa .The presence of wounds, bleeding gums, ulcers and microcracks in the mouth are ideal conditions for the existence of a pathogen.

Any oral contact with infected syphilis, as well as a normal kiss, can lead to infection.
Household path . Trypponema feels comfortable in conditions of high humidity, therefore, using a mug or fork, toothbrush or other object after the patient, you also risk getting syphilis of the mouth.

Stages of the disease and characteristic symptoms

Many patients are interested in what syphilis looks like in the mouth( photo below).As well as the usual, it passes through 3 stages and has characteristic visual manifestations.The first phase is characterized by the appearance of a specific solid chancre( painless ulcers), in the second phase they disappear and are replaced by roseola( a rash on the mucous membrane), at the end of the third phase there is a gum( knot) that changes the structure of soft tissues and even bones.Let's consider each of the stages in more detail.

First phase

On the picture chanter syphilitic

The first phase - develops chancre. In the area where the pathogen penetrated the oral cavity, a round, reddish, and sufficiently firm sore appears, which does not cause any discomfort to the patient.Chancroid can appear in any area of the penetration of tryponema - the inner part of the cheeks or lips, tongue, palate, tonsils and even the gums.The diameter of the ulcer does not exceed 20 mm, and the edges are slightly higher than the center.In some cases, there is not one, but several nearby chancre.

When it comes to syphilis of the tongue, the chancre can resemble a deep furrow, hidden in a fold of the mucosa.

Subjective sensations of the patient at this stage: compaction in the oral cavity of unknown origin, increase in a number of located lymph nodes.

Second phase

The second phase is the attachment of papules, stomatitis and other formations.In the second stage the chancre disappears, and various eruptions on the body and the mucous surface come to replace it.After 7-9 days in the oral cavity, reddish roseoles are formed, which combine into the affected areas, increase.As a rule, this process flows into acute diffuse stomatitis.

Roseola does not cause discomfort to the patient, so they are also difficult to notice in a timely manner.

Spots are located in the sky and the tongue, the inner edging of the lips.Inside them contains a high concentration of pathogens.If you do not start taking antibiotics in this period, then the process of relapse begins.The spots then disappear, they reappear, but already in the form of papules and plaques.

Papules, unlike roseol, are located in the mouth not symmetrically, forming so-called "drawings".If you try to remove their top layer, then the peeling begins at the edges.In case of location in the tongue, the receptors and papillae in the area are atrophied.

On the photo of the manifestation of secondary syphilis on the lips

In some cases, purulent abscesses( pustules) may appear in the second stage.This process is accompanied by a sharp swelling of the lymph nodes of the entire body and hyperthermia.

Symptoms in the second stage are very contagious to , since the formulations contain high triponemal density.During this period the patient should be immediately placed in a hospital and isolated from others.

If the second phase does not begin effective therapy, pathogens will seize the larynx and pharynx, which will cause syphilis of the throat.

Third phase

The third phase is the appearance of gum, glossite .The disease in this phase is quite neglected, so new formations - nodules( gums), abscesses and mounds - join the papules.This process can last about 4-5 months.

At the beginning of the phase, the nodes are seals in the language or in the sky, after the disappearance of which there are voluminous ulcers.When the wound heals, an atrophic scar remains in its place, which strongly deforms soft tissues and even jawbones.In rare cases, a channel appears between the nose and mouth or mouth and sinuses.

During this period the patient can not speak articulately.To the syphilis of the oral cavity, diffuse glossitis joins, which provokes the development of connective tissue.The tissue of the tongue becomes denser, which makes it virtually immobile, interfering with food intake and communication.

Pathologies developed in the third phase are not amenable to treatment or natural recovery.In most cases, the patient is prescribed therapeutic plastic or prosthetics.

Diagnosis of the disease

Initial examination and detection of the formation may indicate the possibility of infection of the patient with syphilis.Inflamed areas, roseola, spots, chancres have clearly delineated boundaries.When diagnosing such formations, the physician should direct the patient to the dermatovenerologist, who in turn will send a study for the isolation from the cavities.The study is carried out under a microscope, which reveals the content in the pathological fluid of triponemia.

Unfortunately, positive confirmation can be obtained only 2-3 weeks after the appearance of primary foci of inflammation.Also, the allocation of chancre can not contain an agent, so the venereologist will try to find them in the lymph nodes.

Positive confirmation of syphilis can be obtained only 2-3 weeks after the onset of primary inflammation

Serological tests and procedures detect syphilis of the oral cavity at any stage.Wasserman's reaction reveals an increase in the number of antibodies.However, the method does not always show reliable information, as pregnant women and people with autoimmune diseases can have a false positive reaction.

An effective method of detecting a disease can be immunodiagnostics, an analysis of a puncture from the spinal cord fluid, a blood test for syphilis.The latter is assigned to people at risk( health workers, unprotected strata of the population, pregnant women, employees of children's institutions and catering, donors).

Also, analysis is mandatory for people who have an active sex life, entering into oral and homosexual acts.

Treatment of the disease and possible complications

Therapy in this case is aimed at suppressing the vital activity of tryponema.Also, effective symptomatic treatment is required and the earlier, the safer for the patient( lower risk of complications and relapses).

As a rule, the doctor prescribes bactericidal medicines of various groups and forms, as well as immunostimulants.Treatment is conducted by several courses, between which it is necessary to withstand long pauses.

Symptomatic treatment means taking antipyretics, applying local wound healing and tissue regenerating agents, applications, baths, rinses, etc.

At the end of the course of treatment, the doctor conducts serological blood testing for several months.

If the therapy is not scheduled in time, the disease will cover not only the soft tissues of the oral cavity, but also internal organs and systems, which will lead to a general deterioration in the patient's condition.

With each month, the symptoms of syphilis in the language( photo below) and other areas of the oral cavity will fade, which patients mistakenly write off for improvement.

Syphilis in

However, serious complications should be expected after a while:

necrosis of soft tissues in the area of infection;
affects not only the mucous membrane, but also internal organs, bones;
disrupting the functioning of the circulatory and vascular systems, the occurrence of local bleeding;
damage to soft tissues of the face and neck, asymmetry of the contours of the face;
slow destruction of brain cells.

Remember that a complete cure for 2 and 3 stages is almost impossible.Regularly visit the dentist, take tests, spend a weekly self-examination of the oral cavity, avoid promiscuous sexual contacts.It is also important to know that the body does not develop immunity to syphilis, which means that repeated infection is possible.