Regeneration of bone tissue after traumatic injury

There are two types of bone tissue regeneration: physiological and reparative. Physiological regeneration is characterized by restructuring of bone tissue, during which partial or complete resorption of bone structures occurs, as well as the creation of new ones. Reparative( otherwise regenerative) regeneration is observed after traumatic injury in fractures of bones. This type of regeneration is true, since normal bone tissue is formed. As

bone regeneration occurs after injury

regeneration of bone damage occurs by proliferation of periosteal cells cambial layer( otherwise periosteum), undifferentiated pluripotent stromal cells of bone marrow, endosteum, and also due to metaplasia paraossalnyh undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue cells. As a rule, the last form of reparative regeneration is more active due to mesenchymal cells of adventitia of growing vessels( blood vessels).According to current concepts, osteogenic precursor cells are considered to be osteoblasts, osteocytes, paratsity, fibroblasts, histiocytes, fat, lymphoid and endothelial cells, and myeloid cells, erythrocytic series. Bone formation that occurs in the place of connective fibrous tissue in histology is called desmal, and in place of hyaline cartilage is called endochronic;In the zone of accumulation of cells( proliferating) skeletal tissue is called bone formation by the mesenchymal type.

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General, as well as local changes after injury are accompanied by damage to bone tissue. In the body, neurohumoral mechanisms include adaptive, compensatory systems aimed at equalizing homeostasis, as well as restoring damaged bone tissue. The breakdown products of proteins and other constituent parts of cells formed at the fracture site are considered one of the triggers for reparative regeneration. The greatest value among the products of cell decay is the chemical substances that provide the biosynthesis of structural as well as plastic proteins.

The following stages are distinguished in the mechanism of reparative regeneration of bone tissue after traumatic injury. This catabolism of tissue structures, dedifferentiation, as well as the proliferation of cellular elements;Formation of vessels;Formation, differentiation of tissue structures;Mineralization, restructuring of primary regenerate, and restitution of bone.

degree reparative regeneration of bone tissue is largely determined by the degree of traumatic tissues in the zone of fracture, and the more sources are damaged bone formation, the slower the formation of callus. In the treatment of patients with fractures, methods that are not associated with additional trauma are preferred.

In the formation of bone callus, compliance with mechanical factors is of great importance. This is an accurate comparison, creating a contact, as well as reliable immobilization of fragments.

Methods to improve bone regeneration after traumatic injury

Nowadays modern conditions can contribute to improving the conditions of reparative regeneration of bone tissue. It is for this purpose that specialists successfully use anabolic steroids, as well as an electromagnetic field and some medications.

themselves are anabolic steroids( otherwise retabolil) significantly affect the processes of protein metabolism, they promote protein synthesis, also hinder the development of posttraumatic catabolic processes in the body and can positively influence all the processes of bone tissue regeneration after injury.

electromagnetic field in our time have created an artificial method: in some cases the bone tissue specific electrodes and immersed them connect an external power supply, and in other cases, the electromagnetic field is generated by means of magnets. In the latter case, a certain part of the limb to be affected is placed by specialists in the zone of action of the electromagnetic field.