Bleeding of the abdominal cavity
Types of bleeding.
As already noted earlier, the causes of bleeding can be very different, both external and internal.
Bleeding from open wounds or natural openings existing on the human body, such as the nose, ears, etc., are called external. If the bleeding opens, accumulating in the internal cavities of the body, they are internal.
External bleeding is most often seen with mechanical injuries, ie, wounds, these bleedings are divided into:
- capillary , it occurs with shallow cuts and wounds, in which blood appears in the wound drop by drop,
- venous, it occurs at deeperDamage such as punctured or cut wounds, while the blood from the wounds flows more abundantly than with capillary bleeding, the blood is then of a deep red color,
- arterial , which arises from deep wounds tootyh, chopped, torn. Arterial bleeding is intense, the blood is bright red, and it flows in the form of a jet due to the pressure in which it arrives in the arteries,
- mixed bleeding, occurs if the wound is damaged and arteries and veins, this typeBleeding observed with deep wounds.
How to diagnose and treat internal bleeding of the abdominal lower abdomen?
To diagnose internal bleeding of the abdominal cavity, possibly with any diseases, the result of which complication may be the occurrence of bleeding, such diseases include: gastric ulcer, various tumors, fibroids, in women ectopic pregnancy or any pathological processes contributing to the negativeEffects on blood vessels. Diagnosis of internal bleeding is more difficult than external. It depends on many factors, which as a result can help specialists to outline the overall picture of the situation. A very important fact is the symptoms, which in turn are caused by blood loss.
For example, pallor, darkening in the eyes, general weakness, lowering blood pressure, frequent pulse, dizziness, and sometimes fainting, can be caused by rapid loss of blood. If blood loss is slow, then the signs pointing to it develop and, correspondingly, appear gradually.
If there is a situation when the opened internal bleeding eventually pours out, for example as a bleeding through the mouth, it can be caused by bleeding from the trachea, esophagus, lungs, intestines and so on. Thus, the external manifestation can not help in determining the cause and source of bleeding, in which case the important factor that the doctor primarily pays attention to is the color and condition of the poured blood that can help in determining the initial diagnosis. In such cases, to detect the source of the bleeding that occurs, it is necessary to perform a number of special procedures in order to make an accurate diagnosis and stop bleeding.
Bleeding of the abdominal cavity, otherwise called hemoperitoneum, occurs due to injuries, closed abdominal injuries, spleen, liver or bowel damage, injuries to female reproductive organs, or ectopic pregnancy.
Among the main symptoms that occur when internal blood loss in the abdominal cavity is noted, weakness, dizziness often with subsequent fainting, tachycardia, cold sweats, pallor and dry mouth, with some types of bleeding there may be perceptible pain in the abdomen. In addition, the abdominal cavity is somewhat boundedly involved in breathing, it is painful, in some cases a weak muscular reaction of the so-called.protection, also slightly expressed symptoms indicating irritation of the peritoneum are possible. In some parts of the abdominal cavity, palpation, precursor sound is detected, indicating the accumulation of large amounts of blood, about 1000 ml. With internal bleeding in the abdominal cavity in women, it is possible to observe protrusion of the posterior vaginal fornix, this fact makes it possible to determine gynecological examinations. In general, a patient with obvious signs of internal bleeding should be immediately sent to the hospital, where they can accurately determine the cause and source of internal bleeding. In addition, patients with suspected hemoperitoneum need to determine hemoglobin and hematocrit in the dynamics, since if these indicators quickly drop, this again confirms the presence of internal blood loss. It should also be noted that there is the possibility of a simultaneous rupture of the hollow organ, in which case the signs of blood loss can be "masked" under the symptoms of the beginning peritonitis. When specifying the diagnosis, the timely provision of first aid and placement of the patient in clinical conditions, where he will be able to take all necessary tests, including a puncture, is of great importance.
When confirming this diagnosis, the patient is shown urgent surgical intervention, with which doctors can stop bleeding, repair it and prevent further complications, one of which can be fatal. Further treatment of the patient will be due to the causes of internal bleeding.
