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Allergy

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Allergy pictures Allergy is an increased sensitivity of the body's immune defense, which is observed in case of repeated exposure of the allergen to an organism sensitized earlier by this allergen. In other words, the immune system under the influence of a number of certain circumstances begins to react aggressively to often absolutely harmless different substances, taking them for extremely dangerous and alien.

Allergy is a kind of perverse way to protect the human body. For example, in the spring, the immune system mistakenly decides that the pollen of the birch that blooms at this time is a very strong poison for a person and starts from it very actively to protect the body. At the present time, various allergic conditions have spread very widely and according to statistical data, now about 30% of the entire population of our planet are observed.

Some researchers reasonably call allergy a disease of the XXI century, as every year it affects an increasing number of people. In most cases, allergy is not treated, and all basic therapy is reduced to isolating the causative provoking allergen, since it is prevention that has a much greater positive effect than any, even the most modern treatment. And first of all, for the success of preventive actions, it is necessary to draw the right conclusions about the causes of allergy development.

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Allergy is an individual disease, as some people are allergic to dust, others have allergies to animal hair, others have food allergies, etc. That allergy most often provokes the development of such diseases as hives, bronchial asthma and various dermatitis. Accompanying allergy may be some infectious diseases( infectious allergies).In addition, the same provoking allergen in different people may manifest different symptoms at different times.

Over the past few decades, a sharp jump in the incidence of allergies has been noted. This phenomenon is explained differently by different researchers: it is the theory of the effect of hygiene, when compliance with hygienic norms deprives the body of contact with most allergens, which in turn causes a weakening of the development of the immune system;The following theory is that the increasing consumption of various products of the chemical industry every day disrupts the adequate functioning of the endocrine and nervous systems, which in turn creates the prerequisites for the development of response allergic reactions, etc.

Causes of allergy

Today, the following causes allergies that can cause the development of an allergic disease:

• Excessively sterile living conditions. However strange it may sound, excessive sterility in everyday life and rare contact with various infectious agents can lead to a shift in the immune system towards allergic manifestations. This is connected with the much higher incidence of allergies among residents of megacities, than in families of rural residents. In addition, this fact explains the greater prevalence of allergic reactions in people with a higher social status

• Heredity. It is a proven fact that an allergy is capable of being passed on to children from parents, often on the maternal side. In children of allergy sufferers in about 70% of cases, the mother suffers from any form of allergy( if the child has an allergic father, then no more than 30% of children).In case if the allergy is observed in both parents, the risk of its development in the child is at least 80%

• Diseases of the internal organs. The impetus to the development of an allergic reaction is sometimes caused by malfunctions in the adequate work of internal organs, various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, nervous and endocrine systems, the liver, and

. • Environmental factors. Thanks to the "achievements" of modern civilization, from the first day of life each person begins to actively contact with numerous and diverse chemical substances and aggressive aerosols. Almost all modern food products contain hormones, antibiotics, biologically active substances, etc. People are subjected to almost constant exposure to electromagnetic radiation. All this can not pass without a trace, which is confirmed by the rapid growth of the allergic pathology

• Frequent infectious diseases, if they are especially observed at an early age, create serious prerequisites for the future development of the allergy

cause of allergies could be contained in vaccines and donor plasma foreign proteins, molds, pollen, foods, drugs, animal dander, insect bites, various chemicals and so forth.

It is still unclear why some people have the sameEnvironmental factors have an allergic effect, but others do not. Also, there was no trace of any relationship between the development of an allergy and the current state of health, while there is a fairly common belief that an allergy can develop due to a strong slagging of the body. Today, there is no doubt that the allergy in children often develops in the case of changes in the intestinal microflora( dysbiosis) and can cause eczema, food allergies and atopic dermatitis. Some types of allergies can lead to the development of a sufficiently serious diseases like asthma, eczema, atopy, etc.

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False allergic( pseudoallergy)

reaction About pseudoallergic reactions want to talk separately. These conditions externally very much resemble a classic allergy, but they do not directly involve the immune system. There are many reasons for the development of false allergic reactions. This is the excessive use of products containing histamine( the most common cause), disorders of the adequate work of the digestive tract, parasitic diseases, various disorders in the functioning of the liver, etc. The most common provocators of this state are seafood, sea fish, citrus, sauerkraut, chocolate, wine, Some cheeses, etc. The difference between pseudoallergia and true allergy is that the symptomatology develops only after the ingestion of a very large amount of an allergen. For example, a child eats half the chocolate, without any visible consequences, whereas after eating the whole, red spots appear on his face, which are usually manifestations of a false allergic reaction.

Allergy to alcohol is a very common provoker of the development of a false allergic reaction. Especially in this "succeeded" vermouth, liqueurs and wine( red wine leads with a large margin).Experimentally, it was found that the more aged and older the wine, the more it forms substances, leading to the development of a pseudoallergic reaction.

is very principled timely separation reactions to true and false, since their treatment is fundamentally different, but this can only be done by qualified allergist, who had already had a similar disease experience

Allergy symptoms

Allergy symptoms photos Allergy symptoms are both general and localCharacter. The general symptoms of allergies are usually attributed to fever, chills, impaired consciousness, a drop in blood pressure, pallor of the skin, inhibition, or the opposite of excitement. Common symptoms of allergy are also observed with such severe allergic manifestations as anaphylactic shock and Quincke's edema.

Local allergy symptoms can manifest from the side of the bronchial tree, mucous nasopharynx, gastrointestinal tract and skin.

• Allergy symptoms from bronchial tree and nasopharynx appear dry cough, sore throat, nasal congestion, difficulty breathing, rhinorrhea, sneezing, shortness of breath, wheezing in the chest and suffocation. EXAMPLE

diseases with such symptoms as allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis

• Allergy symptoms are manifested by swelling of the eyes age, lacrimation, burning, itching sensation in the eye of a foreign body, redness of the skin around the eyes.

Allergic conjunctivitis is a classic example of allergic

eye disease • Symptoms of the gastrointestinal tract include nausea, loose stools, abdominal pain and flatulence

• Skin allergy symptoms( skin allergy) occur skin rashes on the type of papules or blisters, sensitivity to variousExternal physical stimuli( sun, cold, water, etc.), redness, burning, itching and dry skin. Eruptions from the surrounding skin are sharply delineated, tend to merge and migrate.

Examples of allergic diseases with prevalent skin lesions: allergic contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis.

Often when allergic diseases occur, there are both local and general symptoms( allergy to insect bites, etc.)

Read more → Symptoms of allergy

Thermal allergy

This form of allergy is rare and manifests as a rash as a normal urticaria. In people predisposed to this, this happens with any kind of heat exposure, for example, after taking not necessarily even a very hot bath, skin blisters accompanied by severe itching appear large enough blisters. To confirm the diagnosis, you should apply any object heated to forty eight degrees to the skin and keep it for about three minutes. Treatment is no different from other allergic diseases. As a preventive measure, it is recommended to avoid provoking factors. Often, a thermal allergy is combined with a sun allergy.

Allergy to the sun( solar allergy)

The most common allergy to the sun is the appearance of red spots on the skin, which can occur both immediately after exposure to exposed sunlight and after a certain time. Only open areas of the body are affected.

Strengthen the susceptibility to ultraviolet radiation when ingested or on the skin following substances: St. John's wort, yarrow, figs, lime, fennel, dill, carrots, celery. This ability is also observed in such drugs as tetracycline, vitamin E, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, griseofulvin and some antibiotics, so their use in potential periods of exacerbation is undesirable. To determine the appropriate treatment should determine the causes of this form of allergy. It can be endocrine diseases, liver diseases, helminthiases, etc.

Treatment of sun allergy is strict adherence to the protective regime, when patients with an allergy to ultraviolet should constantly avoid prolonged exposure to open sunlight and always before going out on the street to use special protective creams, Possessing a high degree of protection. In addition, according to indications, it is possible to prescribe sorbents and antihistamines. A good positive effect gives plasmapheresis to

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Allergy to insect bites

This kind of allergic reaction is considered to be one of the most dangerous and severe, as in addition to pronounced symptoms, allergies to insect bites often develop such life-threatening systemic reactions, As anaphylactic shock and angioedema.

Quincke edema is characterized by swelling of the neck and face, skin in the area of ​​the edema becomes red. Often there is an edema of the upper respiratory tract leading to shortness of breath and shortness of breath. In the case of progression of the disease without providing the proper timely honey. Help, Quincke's edema ends with complete swelling of the respiratory tract and, accordingly, lethal outcome of

Read more → Acute Quincke

Anaphylactic shock is characterized by an initial manifestation of the general allergic symptomatology. The patient at first is excessively strongly excited, after which there is a rapid depression of consciousness, down to its complete loss. The frequency of breathing and cardiac contractions increases markedly, blood pressure drops, dyspnea occurs. In the place of the bite, the skin itchs badly, swells, and its redness is observed. The main threat with allergy to insect bites is that the allergen enters the body so rapidly that a person simply does not manage to protect himself from it. In the absence of timely emergency care, the risk of death is very high. According to the frequency of lethal outcomes of anaphylactic shock, an allergy to insects is on a confident first place. That is why all patients with a predisposition to the development of this condition should always carry a so-called anti-shock kit, which includes: 2 ampules of prednisolone + 1 ampoule of suprastin + 0.1% of epinephrine and syringes. In the case of an insect bite, these preparations should be introduced without delay. Previously, the entire sequence of actions must be agreed with the attending physician

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Allergy to sperm

Allergy to seminal fluid has become increasingly common nowadays. The risk factors for the development of antisperm antibodies in the female body include a frequent change of sexual partners, urogenital infections and a general allergic predisposition. Manifestations of this form of allergy are usually treated with swelling and local itching after sexual intercourse, but sometimes in especially severe cases can lead to infertility. Allergic mood can develop as a semen per se, and on the seminal fluid of a particular man. Therapy of this form of allergy is carried out jointly by gynecologists and allergologists

Allergy in children

Photo of an allergy in children In children, the allergy has some distinctive features. In this case, we are talking about the most significant allergens that can cause the development of allergic reactions. In children under five years on the first place for allergenic food allergens are( most often fish, eggs, milk and nuts).In older children, pollen and household( animal hair, dust, etc.) allergens begin to predominate.

Symptoms of allergy in young children( in newborns in particular) are usually manifested by a lesion of the skin. Most often, children under the age of diagnosed with atopic dermatitis, which is sometimes mistakenly called "diathesis."As a rule, in children the symptoms of allergic dermatitis first appear on the face, after which the whole body can be covered. As a rule, the allergy in children is much brighter than in adults.

Also pseudoallergic reactions are widespread in childhood, the causes of which are usually parasitic diseases and disrupted GIT.Only an experienced doctor will be able to distinguish pseudoallergia from a true allergy, which is why in case of signs of allergy in children, it is necessary not to delay seeking help from a medical institution.

Treatment of allergy in children most often does not differ from the therapeutic tactics used in the treatment of other diseases of allergic nature, with only one amendment - the greatest therapeutic effect at this age is achieved after allergen-specific therapy( immunotherapy)

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Allergy treatment

For the treatment of all diseases of an allergic nature several groups of time-tested medications are used, the order, dosage and combination ofWhich is determined exclusively by the attending physician, based on each specific situation. Incorrectly selected treatment can cause side effects( always appear in case of misuse of antiallergic drugs) and lead to aggravation of the disease. And self-medication of an allergy in general is inadmissible, as can lead irreversible consequences.

Treatment of allergy with antihistamines .Antihistamines are the most known and effective antiallergic drugs. In recent years, doctors usually prefer drugs of the second( Claritin, Kestin, Cetrin, etc.) and the third( Zirtek, Xizal, Erius, Telfast, etc.) generations. For all these drugs, a typical daily use for usually not more than seven days( in particularly severe cases, several months can be applied) is characteristic.

Allergy treatment with cromoglycate derivatives .These drugs are old enough, but still used by a group of drugs that are released in the form of aerosols for inhalation( Tileed, Intal), nose spray( Cromoglin, Cromogexal) and eye drops( eye drops Cromogexal).Due to the rather low effectiveness of these drugs, they are used only in case of a mild course of the disease

Allergy treatment with glucocorticosteroid drugs .Glucocorticosteroids are very powerful antiallergic drugs that will only be used as prescribed by a doctor! Corticosteroids are produced both in the form of injectable preparations and tablets, and in the form of such local agents as creams, ointments, sprays, etc.

Topical preparations for the treatment of allergies now occupy a large enough place, and they are used both for acute relief and as a supportive permanent treatment for allergies. These drugs are available in the form of creams and ointments( Advantan, Lokoid), aerosols for inhalation( Fliksotid, Beklozon) and spray for the nose( Nazonex, Fliksonase).Despite the fact that all the drugs of the latest generation are virtually devoid of side effects, which are traditionally attributed to hormones - they can be used only after appointment by a specialist, while never exceeding the prescribed duration of treatment and dosage.

For systemic action, the drugs are produced in injection and tablet forms( Metipred, Dexamethasone, Prednisolone, etc.) and are prescribed by short courses( not more than five days) during periods of allergy exacerbation. In the case of prolonged use of corticosteroids, the development of such side effects as rapid body weight gain( obesity), increased blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, peptic ulcer, etc., is the only reason for this. These drugs are prescribed only in cases of severe allergic disease, Other possible treatment options did not give positive results

Treatment of allergy with leukotriene receptor antagonists .This group of antiallergic drugs in practice has shown its high enough efficiency in the treatment of bronchial asthma and some forms of hives. The most commonly used drug from this group is the Singular, available in the form of tablets of 5 and 10 mg. Due to the fact that the drug has shown its effectiveness in the treatment of not all allergic diseases, it should be used only after consultation with the doctor

Treatment of allergies with sorbents .In spite of the fact that sorbents are not used as direct antiallergic drugs, they are still used for more active excretion of penetrated allergens from the body. Sorbents are traditionally prescribed in times of exacerbation of allergies. The greatest effectiveness they showed with skin allergic symptoms. The most commonly used sorbents for allergies are: ordinary activated carbon, Enterosgel, Filtrum, Lactofiltrum

Immunotherapy( allergen-specific therapy) in the treatment of allergies. The purpose of specific immunotherapy is to create immunity to a substance that the body responds to by an excessive immune response. This therapy should be performed only by an allergist in a specialized hospital or office.

The treatment itself is mandatory during the period of remission, usually in the winter or autumn season. Therapeutic tactics consist in the introduction of allergic to constantly increasing doses provoking the development of the reaction of the allergen, starting with negligible. The duration of treatment can last for years, but in most cases, a person develops persistent immunity to this allergen. The earlier the treatment was started, the greater the likelihood of a positive outcome. This method is most effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma

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Physiotherapy procedures for allergy

Currently, the treatment of allergic diseases is reduced not only to immunotherapy and the prescription of antiallergic drugs. Importance of the physicians attached to the use of various physiotherapy procedures.

Speleo chamber for allergy .The speleocamera is one of the most effective physiotherapeutic methods, which is used to treat allergic damage to the upper respiratory tract( allergic rhinitis, allergic bronchial asthma).The procedure itself involves finding the patient in a room saturated with ions of salts, which not only has a positive therapeutic effect on allergic upper respiratory tract, but also increases the state of the immune defense

Plasmapheresis for allergy to .This method involves a hardware purification of blood plasma, during which part of the plasma is removed from the body. This is done to ensure that it is in the plasma that there is a large number of mediators and biologically active substances that are directly involved in the development of an allergic reaction. After that, the removed plasma is replaced with appropriate solutions. Plasmapheresis can be used in the complex treatment of exacerbations of absolutely any allergic diseases( with severe forms of atopic dermatitis, with exacerbation of urticaria, allergic bronchial asthma, etc.).However, most often plasmapheresis is prescribed for moderate to severe

Hyperbaric Chamber in the treatment of the allergy. For the treatment of allergic diseases, the pressure chamber is rarely used. The procedure itself involves placing the patient in a special sealed chamber, which creates an increased air pressure. Often in the pressure chamber oxygen is mixed with special gas mixtures. Usually this method is used to treat patients with respiratory diseases of an allergic nature

VLOK( Intravenous laser blood irradiation) .This method is quite new, but in terms of treatment of allergy has proved to be very effective. During the course of the VLOK session, the patient is injected with a needle( more often at the ulnar fold) to the patient at the end of which an optical fiber is attached, according to which the laser pulse is given according to the pre-determined characteristics. Intravenous laser irradiation of blood can be used to treat most allergic diseases( allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, urticaria, atopic dermatitis, etc.).In addition to a sufficiently strong anti-inflammatory effect, VLOK has a pronounced immuno-fortifying effect

Treatment of allergy in pregnancy

It is often enough that pregnancy, due to the natural immune changes occurring in the body at that time, provokes an aggravation of allergy. However, in this period, the selection( corresponding to the current situation) of treatment should be as cautious as most antiallergic drugs can potentially adversely affect the developing fetus. In the diagnosis of the cause of allergy during pregnancy, carrying out skin tests is unacceptable, only a blood test for specific immunoglobulins is possible.

Antihistamines in pregnancy should be used in the most limited way, and in case of emergency use only third-generation drugs in the lowest effective dosages of

Read more → Allergy during pregnancy

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