Diagnosis and treatment of myocardial infarction Myocardial infarction in most cases causes coronary artery thrombosis, this condition is urgent. In the first two hours after its onset, the risk of death rises sharply, but decreases only after the patient has entered resuscitation and started receiving qualified care. As a rule, in resuscitation, such patients produce thrombus dissolution( thrombolysis), or coronary angioplasty. More details about this disease will be discussed in this article "Diagnosis and treatment of myocardial infarction."

Myocardial infarction is isolated with or without a pathological tooth Q .The depth and area of ​​the lesion in the first case is greater, in the second case the risk of re-occurrence of a heart attack increases. That's why the remote forecast is approximately the same. Myocardial infarction or angina pectoris.

With myocardial infarction and angina, the area of ​​the appearance of pain is the same. But still, with myocardial infarction there are major differences:

  • strong intense pain;
  • the duration of pain is 15 minutes or more;
  • pain does not abate even after taking nitroglycerin.

Causes of myocardial infarction.

The main cause of this disease is atherosclerosis, which is practical for every person. The cause is also the circumstances of life( both independent of us and dependent), which increase the likelihood of developing myocardial infarction:

  • male sex;
  • female sex, the risk of developing the disease increases after 50 years;
  • diabetes;
  • is a sedentary lifestyle that can lead to excess body weight;
  • heredity( cerebral stroke, heart attack, IHD in parents, grandfathers, grandmothers, sisters, brothers, the risk increases if the disease began before 55 years);
  • smoking( in addition, this habit is the most significant risk factor!);
  • high cholesterol( greater than 5 mmol / l, or more than 200 mg / dl);
  • high blood pressure( exceeding 140/90 mm Hg).

If at least one of the above written factors is present, then the risk of developing the disease increases. With the addition of a new factor, the risk of acquiring a myocardial infarction exponentially increases even more.

There is an opinion that baldness of men can be a harbinger of a heart attack, since the cause of alopecia is a high level of androgens. And as soon as there are hormonal fluctuations, the body immediately reacts with an increase in the level of cholesterol and / or increased blood pressure.

No need to postpone the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, as the patient's life depends on the timely application for quality and qualified care. If you suspect that you have a heart attack, call an ambulance immediately. The basis for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction is the detection of symptoms of the disease, as well as additional studies that indicate that necrosis zones( or necrosis zones) are present in the cardiac muscle. Treatment takes place in several stages.

At the initial stage, treatment is prescribed to prevent possible complications. The final stage of treatment is to rehabilitate the patient who underwent myocardial infarction.

Diagnosis of myocardial infarction.

The initial stage of the diagnosis of this disease is based on the symptoms of the disease: an attack of angina that lasts more than 30 minutes and the medications taken do not help, shortness of breath, severe chest pains, heart rhythm disturbance. If there is a suspicion of a heart attack, the patient should be hospitalized as a matter of urgency. Further, already in the hospital, additional tests that confirm the diagnosis of a heart attack are conducted:

The ECG is the most accessible and informative method for diagnosing myocardial infarction. This diagnosis will help to identify specific signs of myocardial damage( cardiac muscle).Then, based on these signs, the fact of having a heart attack is established, and its size and localization are assumed.

There is also a diagnostic method - determination of blood enzymes( ALT, AST, LDH), as well as specific proteins( troponins) for the heart muscle. This method is sensitive, but unlike the ECG, it is less affordable and expensive. In case of a heart attack, some types of proteins and enzymes are thrown out of the heart muscle, the presence of a heart attack can be determined by their concentration. If necessary, further diagnosis is carried out, which will help to clarify certain features of the disease.

Treatment of myocardial infarction.

If this disease is found, treatment should begin as soon as possible. In most cases, the patient provides the first medical care to himself, with a strong attack of angina pectoris, he puts a tablet of nitroglycerin under the tongue. A severe attack of angina is a pre-infarction condition. If the pain does not subside after taking the pill after 5 minutes, you should put the second pill, if the pain persists and does not go through 5 minutes, then you need to take a third pill. If the pain does not subside after the three taken nitroglycerin tablets, you should call for an ambulance, and while the ambulance rides you can take an aspirin and chew it with water.

Further specialists are treated for treatment: anesthetic, preventing blood clots, supporting the work of the heart( if necessary, if heart failure starts), eliminating rhythm disturbances. If necessary, surgical intervention is performed, which will help restore the permeability of the coronary arteries.

Rehabilitation of patients with myocardial infarction.

At the end of an acute period, a patient with myocardial infarction needs rehabilitation treatment, which includes:

  • combating excess kilograms;
  • exercise therapy;
  • treatment of arterial hypertension;
  • adherence to a specific diet, namely low in animal fats and cholesterol;
  • resort and sanatorium treatment;
  • excludes bad habits, especially smoking.

A patient who has undergone a myocardial infarction must strictly comply with all the prescriptions of doctors, because of the correct treatment and well-planned preventive measures can prolong life and improve the quality of life of the patient.