Hypotension - symptoms, causes and treatment of the disease

A disease in which the tone of blood vessels decreases and, as a consequence, the level of blood pressure decreases, in medicine it is classified as hypotension.The level of blood pressure lowering may be different, but it is generally accepted that it is the indices 100/60 for men and 95/60 for women that are the reason for the diagnosis of the disease in question.

Note: doctors can call hypotension two different pathologies - reduced tonus of the walls of blood vessels and muscle tissue.This article discusses hypotension, as low blood pressure.

Table of contents:

Types of hypotension

There are two forms of hypotension - acute and chronic.

Acute hypotension

This condition requires the provision of emergency medical care, and subsequently long-term treatment.The manifestations of acute hypotension include a sharp drop in the tone of blood vessels( collapse), expansion of vessels of a paralytic nature( shock), a decrease in the amount of oxygen supplied to the brain( hypoxia).All this entails an imminent reduction in the level of functioning of all vital organs.

Note: the severity of manifestations of acute hypotension by physicians is determined not by specific indices of blood pressure, but by the rate of its decrease.

Chronic hypotension

In contrast to the acute form of the disease under consideration, chronic hypotension does not pose a serious threat to human life, although its symptoms should not be ignored.By the way, it is for this reason that much lower blood pressure is given to lowered arterial pressure than increased blood pressure.And in fact, hypotension in old age increases the risk of developing an ischemic type of stroke many times, at a younger age it disrupts the active way of life, prevents it from working fruitfully.Doctors distinguish two more types of hypotension - primary and secondary.

Primary hypotension

It does not occur against the backdrop of any disease or as a consequence of another pathology.Most often, the primary hypotension is hereditary and proceeds in a chronic form.

Secondary hypotension

In this case, the disease in question is a consequence of the development of any pathology in the body - for example, hypotension can occur against anemia, cirrhosis, and certain stomach diseases.Arterial hypotension can develop as a side effect with prolonged use of certain medications.

Secondary hypotension doctors are treated not as a separate disease, but as one of the syndromes in the course of any pathology.Therefore, the treatment of this type of disease in question will be aimed at getting rid of the main cause of its occurrence.There is still such a thing as orthostatic hypotension - it appears when the body moves from horizontal to vertical position, is more common in the morning and lasts no more than 3 minutes.

Causes of development of hypotension

There are no precise and unconditional reasons for the development of the disease under consideration by modern medicine - rather, a combination of different factors can serve as a "push" for reducing the tone of the walls of blood vessels. For example, the following factors are made:

• previously diagnosed vegetative-vascular dystonia;
• abrupt change in climatic conditions( for example, when moving a person);
• presence of endocrine diseases;
• heart failure;
• accommodation in areas with high humidity;
• forced acclimatization;
• arrhythmia;
• stenosis of the arterial valve.

Often, arterial hypotension is observed in athletes with excessive physical exertion - it is called doctors "hypotonia of fitness".The cause of the development of the disease in question may be forced bed rest - for example, after a previous surgery, and long-term use of certain medicines.

Symptoms of hypotension

The clinical picture of the disease under consideration, however, like all others, consists of objective and subjective symptoms. It is noteworthy that it is precisely hypotension in a person that is objectively not manifested, doctors can note only three symptoms:

• increased sweating;
• pallor of the skin( especially noticeable on the face);
• temperature drop to 36 degrees.

But the subjective symptoms are complaints made by patients at a doctor's appointment.These include:

• emotional instability;
• bad mood and apathy, indifference;
• significant reduction in performance;
• is an unmotivated irritability.

The main symptom of low blood pressure is a headache, which can have a different character - aching, pulsating, bursting, harsh.Against the background of the headache usually there is a slight dizziness, but if we are talking about orthostatic hypotension, then the dizziness will be intense, there may be a fall of a person, and entering into a faint condition for a short time.More often people with low blood pressure wake up already tired and weakened( this sign may be a sign of the development of the syndrome of chronic fatigue - differential diagnostics is needed), workability returns to them only after a couple of hours and lasts for a short while, and the overall activity peak appears only in the evening.

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As a rule, hypotension can not endure stuffiness - in the summer, they prefer to walk the right way than to be in a stuffy and close public transport.And with small physical exertion, pain( not intense) can occur in the region of the heart, shortness of breath.

Note: is a response to weather change for people with low blood pressure - it's about meteorology.Hypotonics do not tolerate heat, but they react even worse to humidity, overcastness and windiness.

With lowered arterial pressure, absolutely unspecific symptoms may appear for this disease - for example, heartburn, epigastric pain, constipation, nausea.In men with hypotension, potency may decrease, and women notice irregularities in the menstrual cycle.In many people, hypotension is not manifested at all by the above symptoms, patients only note the meteorological dependence and increased fatigue.

Treatment of hypotension

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There are very few medicinal products for stabilizing blood pressure and treating the disease in the pharmacological market, and experts believe that first of all you need to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Doctors hypotensive recommend:

1. Do physical exercises.Nobody talks about setting Olympic records, but hypotension should lead an active lifestyle - it can be walking, swimming in the pool, attending fitness training, at least - morning exercises.After regular exercise, many symptoms of low blood pressure completely disappear, which is explained by strengthening and increasing the tone of the walls of blood vessels, improving blood circulation.
2. Full rest.It is people with lowered arterial blood pressure that need to be fully restful - even a night's sleep should last 10-12 hours.You should not get up from bed hypotoxically - move your body to a vertical position gradually, lowering your legs first, then turning on your side and so on.Doctors recommend people with the disease under consideration to do a little exercise right in bed - this will help "disperse" blood through the blood vessels, prepare the body for activity.
3. To use toning beverages.It's about coffee, strong tea and other beverages that have toning properties.For many hypotenics, the morning cup of coffee is not a whim, but a vital necessity!But you should be careful with such drinks - you need to consider that with many pathologies they are contraindicated.

It is possible to normalize and stabilize blood pressure with the help of hardening procedures - it is recommended to pour cold water. But you should consider several features of this procedure:

• it is impossible to start dousing at once from very cold water temperatures - gradually lower the degree;
• should be douched from head to toe, otherwise it will result in a disproportionate blood pressure in the trunk and head;
• eliminate contraindications to the hardening procedure of cold dousing.

Sauna with a bath is very useful, but please note - if such procedures are supposed to be carried out for the first time, then you need to do it in a sparing mode, gradually accustoming the body to such a shock.

Popular treatment of hypotension

In folk medicine there are many methods to increase blood pressure, you just need to make sure of your diagnosis - this will require consultation and examination from specialists.

When hypotension is very useful to drink 1 glass of pomegranate juice per day - it is better to cook yourself from ripe fruit.But keep in mind that in its pure form this drink can not be consumed - the juice from the pomegranate is diluted with water in a proportion of 1: 1.This is due to the fact that the acid, which is in the composition of pomegranate juice, is destructive to tooth enamel.

Healers recommend using hypotension regularly and chocolate - only natural, black, without any flavoring.Of course, you need to exclude possible contraindications to the use of this dainty, but in general even half of the standard chocolate bar will help restore the overall condition of the hypotonic.

You can also prepare an alcoholic tincture of Chinese magnolia vine - for this you need to take 1 part of the plant raw materials( sold in pharmacies) and 5 parts of alcohol and infuse the medicine for 3 days.Then the tincture is taken on 30 drops three times a day for 15 minutes before meals, the duration of the course of intake is 10 days.

Please note: if you want to stabilize blood pressure and improve your health with the help of funds from the category of traditional medicine you need to get advice from a doctor.

If necessary, the doctor can prescribe and drug therapy - as a rule, it is recommended to take hypotonics tincture of ginseng, sandworm, hawthorn and / or eleutherococcus, as well as preparations containing caffeine in their composition.Hypotension - a fairly common disease, which usually does not need any emergency medical measures( except for the acute form of the disease).In many cases, patients simply need to change their lifestyle and take recommendations from specialists to stabilize their condition.

Tsygankova Yana Aleksandrovna, medical reviewer, therapeutist of the highest qualification category.