Gum disease: causes, symptoms of gingivitis, periodontitis and periodontitis, their treatment and photos

The most vulnerable part of the oral cavity is the gums.Unpleasant odor from the mouth, changed color and structure of the mucosa, bleeding are all signs of their unfavorable condition.Gums can be sick both in the elderly and in young people.The disease usually begins with a mild form of inflammation, which without timely treatment can lead to more serious consequences.That's why you need to know the symptoms of gum disease, in time to see a doctor and begin treatment.

Causes of gum disease

The vast majority of causes gum disease as follows:

• incorrect and irregular oral hygiene;
• stressful situations;
• hormonal changes;
• genetic predisposition;Age changes in the body;
• ;
• fungal diseases and viral infections;
• stressful situations;
• reception of certain medications;
• pregnancy;
• diabetes.

To provoke diseases, bacteria can also accumulate, which in the form of a stone accumulate on the lower part of the teeth.Regular visits to the dentist and professional cleaning of the enamel will help to get rid of stones, and, hence, from bacteria.

Main symptoms

More than half of the adult population have gum problems.The main symptom of pathology is pain syndrome.However, at the initial stage of gingivitis, discomfort and soreness are practically not felt.Therefore, one should be guided not only by the presence of pain, but also by other symptoms:

• bad breath;
• increased sensitivity of teeth;
• red colored swollen gums and their bleeding.

With regular examination of the oral cavity and a visit to the dental clinic , pathology at an early stage of can be identified and timely treatment started.

Gingivitis

Translated from Latin, gingivitis is an inflammation of the gums.Deep lying tissue does not affect this disease.It affects only the area adjacent to the tooth, that is, the marginal gingiva.

The following types of gingivitis are distinguished by the type of inflammation :

1. Catarrhal.Is itching and easy bleeding gums.The cause of this is improper care of the oral cavity.
2. Hypertrophic.The main symptoms of the disease include: abundant bleeding and a bad smell from the mouth.
3. Ulcerative necrotic.On the teeth appears a large amount of gray plaque, and on the gums - sores.Pathology is accompanied by severe pain and putrefactive odor from the mouth.

The disease can flow in acute and chronic form.By the degree of spread, gingivitis can affect a localized area from one to three teeth or the entire gum.

The main cause of the pathology is poor hygiene of the oral cavity , in which a soft coating accumulates on the enamel.In it, bacteria that cause inflammation multiply.

Other causes of gingivitis may include:

• food that is constantly clogged between teeth;
• traumatization with solid products or a toothbrush;
• recently delivered seal or crown;
• diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
• cardiovascular diseases;
• blood diseases;
• deficiency in the body of vitamins E, C, B1, A;
• hormonal disorders in pregnant women and adolescents;
• chronic poisoning with bromine, iodine, mercury, aluminum, bismuth, lead;
• decreased immunity.

Symptoms of the disease

The main symptom is redness and swelling of the gingival portion of .It can be painful and bleed when eating or brushing your teeth.Possible the appearance of cyanosis, the appearance of unpleasant odor and changes in form due to swelling.

Treatment of gingivitis

At the initial stages of the disease, it is possible to use folk remedies, in the form of mouthwashes with anti-inflammatory herbs and plant antiseptics .Such procedures will help to remove some symptoms, but with the cause of the disease can not cope.

Therefore, it is necessary to consult a doctor who first should establish the cause of gingivitis.Treatment of the pathology is performed by the following actions:

1. Removal from the gum and enamel of accumulated deposits.
2. Treatment of the oral cavity with special preparations - antiseptics.
3. Assigning applications or rinsing with antiseptic medications at home.
4. Anti-inflammatory therapy in the form of application to painful areas of gels.

For the treatment of gingivitis, such measures are sufficient.In the absence of traumatic factors, compliance with all recommendations of the doctor and normal oral hygiene the disease quickly passes , and the gums are restored.In advanced cases, the dentist can prescribe a vacuum massage, ultraviolet therapy, electrophoresis.

Periodontitis

Periodontitis is a disease in which inflammation occurs not only in the periodontal tissues, but also in the ligamentous apparatus.In advanced cases, inflammation affects the bone tissue.Periodontitis is a consequence of untreated gingivitis.

A distinctive feature of the disease is the formation of hard dental calculi that can excrete pus. Other symptoms of inflammation include:

• unpleasant odor from the mouth;
• holes between the teeth and gums;
• severe pain;
• wobbling, and subsequently the displacement of teeth;
• gum bleeding;
• bare teeth;
• in the later stages - pain when biting on movable teeth.

If an infected infection gets into the inflamed dental pocket, the flux may develop.

In addition to dental deposits and gingivitis, the development of periodontitis is caused by some common diseases:

• severe forms of chronic pathologies of internal organs;
• blood diseases;
• immunodeficiencies;
• diabetes mellitus.

Inflammation can develop due to abnormal position or crowding of teeth, traumatic occlusion, hypertonicity of chewing muscles, high attachment of bridles.

Degrees of periodontitis

In severity, inflammation of is divided into three forms:

1. The mild form of the disease is not more than 3.5 mm deep in the bone pocket.Symptoms of the form include hyperemia of the edge of the gums, their soreness and bleeding when brushing their teeth.After X-ray examination, a small bone loss can be seen in the picture.
2. The average form of periodontitis is marked by an increase in pockets up to 5 mm.The patient has more pronounced bleeding gums, which can be spontaneous.Teeth stagger and begin to shift.Brushing and eating food is difficult.
3. Heavy form is an inflammation in which the pockets reach a depth of more than 5 mm.Expressed bleeding and unpleasant odor from the mouth.Teeth are mobile and capable of falling out.

Treatment

For any form of severity, the treatment of periodontitis should be complex .It is much more difficult to treat than gingivitis, and it can be cured only at the initial stages.When the bone is partially dissolved, it is almost impossible to return it.Stable results are not given even by transplantation of bone tissue.

Stages of treatment of periodontitis:

1. Removal of tartar.The procedure should be conducted at least once every six months.In some cases, cleaning is recommended every two to three months.This frequency of the procedure is explained by the fact that the stone is growing rapidly, and a simple brush from deep dental pockets can not be cleaned.As a result, it develops pathogenic microbes.
2. Hygiene of the oral cavity.Since the main cause of the disease are microorganisms, this stage in the treatment is very important.At home, after each meal, you need to thoroughly brush your teeth and rinse your mouth.Toothpaste and rinse aid are selected individually.It is necessary to use a dental floss, and at large intervals between the teeth and bare roots - brushes.It is recommended to use a device for washing pockets with water, which is called an irrigator.
3. Antiseptic treatment.The optimal variant of the procedure is selected individually.In the initial stages you can do with rinses and ointments at home, and electrophoresis with the application of dressings with antiseptics.Currently, there are drugs that have a long antiseptic effect on the dental pocket.They are gelatinous scales that, when placed in the dentogingival pocket, swell and prevent germs from entering it.At the same time, an antiseptic begins to be released.The effect of this drug is up to three weeks.However, it is quite expensive.
4. Anti-inflammatory therapy.Also it is appointed individually, and depends on the form of gravity.One patient prescribes the application of ointment to the gums, the other - physiotherapy or bandaging.
5. Relief stage of exacerbation.In this case, antibiotics, vitamins, immunostimulants, antihistamines are prescribed.

As the disease progresses, ultrasound cleaning of and surgical intervention in the form of curettage may be required.During such an operation, an incision is made on the gum and special tools of the bone and the surface of the roots of the teeth is cleared from the stone and the destroyed areas.If necessary, an artificial bone is added.

Periodontal disease

The periodontitis is not an inflammatory disease.This is a rare pathology in which a patient suffers from a periodontal tissue.With periodontal disease, the gums of do not turn red, do not swell or bleed .Dentogingival pockets also do not arise.A person feels awkward and unpleasant sensations while brushing his teeth, eating food and when his teeth get cold or hot.

With periodontal disease, bone tissue is destroyed, which leads first to staggering, and then to tooth loss.

The causes of the disease have not yet been fully explored. The occurrence of a dystrophic disease is associated with the following factors:

• advanced age;
• lack of some vitamins in the body;
• is an abnormality of the teeth position;
• by bad habits( alcoholism, tobacco smoking);
• heredity;
• with hormonal failures;
• by sclerosing vessels, in which their lumen decreases, and gums receive less nutrition;
• chronic diseases of internal organs;
• hormonal disorders.

Treatment of periodontal disease

The evolving disease should be treated in a comprehensive manner.The doctor identifies the cause of its occurrence and appoints an individual treatment for .

First of all, professional treatment of the oral cavity is made, the wrong teeth are aligned, and an incorrect bite is eliminated.

To improve blood circulation, physiotherapy is prescribed.This can be a periodontal massage using mint or coriander oil, electrophoresis, etc.

At home, various mouthwashes are used to relieve the condition.It can be immortelle, propolis, calendula.Vitamins and ethers, hormonal and antibacterial agents are prescribed.

If the teeth have already begun to fall out, inserts the prosthesis or is assigned bypass .In complex cases, bone tissue is increased by surgical intervention.

Any disease is better prevented than treated.Therefore, in order to avoid problems with the gums, it is necessary to carefully monitor the oral cavity and regularly visit the dental clinic for preventive examinations and cleaning of plaque.At the first symptoms of gum disease it is necessary to consult a dentist or periodontist.The doctor will prescribe an individual treatment and will monitor his progress.