Pancreatic cystadenoma
Cystadenoma of the pancreas is a benign formation that is formed from the epithelial epithelium of this organ.
As a rule, this pathology is located in the tail or body of the gland and is diagnosed most often in women. According to the WHO international classification, there are several types of benign pancreatic tumors, each of which has characteristic features.
Symptoms of cystadenoma of the pancreas
For benign formations in this organ, the following symptoms are typical:
- Signs of hormonal changes change - weakness, increased sweating, a sense of anxiety, insanity. Sometimes a person can even lose consciousness.
- Pain sensations on the left or right side of the navel. They can give in the shoulder blade or the left hand. Sometimes the pain is shrouded in nature. The feeling of discomfort can be permanent or repeated in the form of seizures.
- Jaundice. This symptom appears in the event that the formation is in the head of the pancreas and presses on the bile duct.
- Nausea and vomiting. Also, a tumor can lead to a feeling of heaviness in the abdomen, especially if it presses on the duodenum.
Although cystadenoma is considered to be a benign entity, it can lead to the development of dangerous conditions, among which:
- transformation into a malignant tumor;
- Biliary intoxication;
- pancreatitis;
- endocrine pathology.
Serous cystadenoma
This type of pathology is a cavity formation with a transparent watery fluid inside. The origin of serous cystadenoma has not yet been established, but many doctors claim that it develops from the epithelial cells of the acini due to changes in one of the chromosomes.
A distinctive feature of this formation is the presence of additional tissue structures in its cavity - these can be septums or solid masses. In the course of a histological examination, an epithelial lining can be found from the inside, which consists of single-layered cubic cells. In the case of histochemical staining inside the epithelium, granules with glycogen can also be detected.
Partitions with serous cystadenoma divide the tumor into many small cysts. However, sometimes there is another structure of education, in which it has the form of a single-cavity cyst. In this case, the internal partitions are completely absent.
Progresses this disease slowly enough and does not transform into a malignant tumor. The size of the formation, as a rule, is no more than 5-7 cm. Often pathology is revealed during the preventive examination, because the clinical signs are very weakly expressed.
Diagnosis of the disease is carried out using ultrasound, magnetic resonance and computer tomography, endosonography. To distinguish serous cystadenoma from pseudocysts, a transcutaneous thin-needle puncture is used. In this study, the contents of the formation are analyzed for amylase activity and cellular composition.
Due to the peculiarities of this type of tumor, in most cases it is possible to do without surgical intervention. This procedure is indicated with an increase in cyst size of more than 5-6 cm and a rise in symptoms.
Among all the methods of conducting operations, enucleation is usually chosen. If the cyst is localized in the tail, an economical resection of this part of the gland can be performed. In this case, external or internal drainage is not performed.
Mucinous cystadenoma
This formation, as a rule, is a multi-chamber cyst of impressive size, which is filled with hemorrhagic contents or viscous mucus. Quite often it has the appearance of a single-cavity cyst without septa.
The most common hypothesis is that mucinous cystadenoma is formed from ovarian tissue that enter the pancreas during early intrauterine development.
This formation progresses quickly enough, by the time of its detection it can reach 10-15 cm. Therefore, such a cystadenoma provokes an unexpressed but persistent pain syndrome and uncomfortable sensations in the epigastrium. A feature of this type of tumor is a high probability of malignant degeneration.
For the treatment of this type of cystadenoma, it is common to use surgical intervention. Usually complete removal with resection of the affected pancreas is performed.
Intra-current papillary-mucinous tumor
This type of tumor is rare, in addition, it is very difficult to diagnose. Education develops from the prismatic epithelium of the pancreatic ducts. Such tumors have the form of papillary epithelial growths and produce thick mucus. Sometimes a pronounced lesion of a particular organ department is observed.
The main method of treatment of this disease is total pancreatectomy. Sometimes it is possible to remove the gland in the area of visible changes, followed by an urgent histological examination of the sections.
Treatment of
To eliminate signs of adenoma, first of all it is necessary to stabilize the level of insulin, which is synthesized by the pancreas. Thanks to this it is possible to save a person from weakness, raise his vitality, cope with nausea and increased pressure.
If cystadenoma has a characteristic clinical manifestation, treatment can be extremely prompt. After the operation and a thorough histological examination it is possible to determine the nature of the formation.
There are the following types of operations in the presence of a tumor in the pancreas :
- partial resection - removal of the affected part of the organ;
- vyluschivanie - complete removal of education;
- pancreatoduodenal resection - involves the removal of the formation that is located in the head of the pancreas, while the duodenum is removed;
- minimally invasive laparoscopic operation - performed with a small formation located in the tail of the gland.
After the benign tumor has been removed, it is necessary to undergo a rehabilitation course that includes:
- restriction of flour, spicy, salty, fatty foods throughout the year;
- reception of enzyme medicines;
- restriction of physical activity for 3-6 months;
- wearing an elastic belt for 2-3 months;
- periodic spa treatment.
Pancreatic cystadenoma is usually benign in nature and does not pose a serious threat to human health. However, some types of such formations may transform into malignant tumors over time. To prevent this, you need to monitor the condition of this formation and, if necessary, immediately perform a surgical intervention. Thanks to this, it will be possible to prevent negative consequences for health.
