Free testosterone in men: the rate of hormone

Testosterone is the male sex hormone, has a direct impact on the performance of the whole organism. This hormone is produced by both men and women, but it has different parameters. Its concentration in the body depends on the functioning of the genitals and the manifestation of sexual characteristics.

Monitor the performance of testosterone is necessary for both men and women. Higher values ​​of this hormone in women can lead to infertility, as well as reduced in men. In men with low testosterone levels do not develop muscles do not grow hair on the body and there is no desire for women.

This article describes the rules of free testosterone in men, as well as the symptoms of low and high levels of sex hormones in men and women. If you see yourself in three of the symptoms, you should consult a doctor who will prescribe a course of treatment.

Age and

hormone production is directly dependent on the age and time of day. Testosterone peaks during adolescence (teenage) period. Especially active component of androgens in the morning, a minimum amount thereof is observed in the morning. Direct proof of the relationship between the level of hormones in the blood and sexual desire is a morning erection.

In general, the production of this important hormone for men originates in the brain, namely the pituitary and hypothalamus. Signal generation enters the testes, Leydig cells which take up his case. From this we conclude that the synthesis of the hormone directly affects the central nervous system. Acting testosterone to androgen receptors in the body only 2%, and the remaining 98% inactive, because the associated globulin.

I do not want to scare you, but to the 30 years of the hormone performance decreases slightly (by 1% per year). At this age, the testosterone rate ranges from 11 to 33 nmoll, rejecting that need to be screened. Do not be afraid to go to the doctor with this problem, you will have only a blood test.

The results to be as accurate as possible, you must follow a few rules:

• give blood in the morning (7: 00-8: 00)
• Do not eat before delivery of the analysis
• per day not to engage in physical activity
• 5-6 hours not to smoke

Signs of deviation from normal values, you can see for yourself. Decreased muscle mass, and you put on weight? There is no attraction to the opposite sex, constant depression? Of course, immediately run to the doctor. You can not put off a visit to the doctor, because the reduction or increase of testosterone in the blood can lead to dire consequences - infertility.

It is known that male hormone has three forms: two of them are bound to proteins and free testosterone, which is responsible for the formation and development of sexual characteristics and libido (sexual desire). The disadvantage of the latter leads to disorders of the cardiovascular system, affects the mental state and causes impotence.

Excess androgens also adversely affects the body as a whole. Because of this, there can be problems with the hair on the body (increases). It is curious that at a high level of testosterone men lose hair on the top of his head.

Always on the top

Let's look at how to maintain normal levels of the hormone in the body. It all depends entirely on you and wants to be healthy. Performing work, which always have to be nervous, you automatically expose your body in danger.

• Lack of sleep and snacks fastfoods destroy your health and lead to a destabilization of androgen relevant authorities.
• If you do not hurry to say goodbye to his beloved work, want to continue to eat delicious burgers, consult your doctor andrologist.
• There are a number of drugs that contribute to the production of testosterone, but they have side effects.

Let's talk about what should be the testosterone rate in 30 years for men?

Approaching this age, many are concerned that the hormone level authorizing virility, begins to soften, is below 1.5%. Do not worry about it, because there are many ways to support the production of testosterone. One of these - the right food + good mood.

• Already in the 40 years it is much more serious look after their health.
• This critical period, called midlife crisis.
• Men often suffer from a lack of testosterone during this period.
• A positive effect on hormone production will have a regular exercise.
• Just visit the room 3 times a week, keep yourself in shape and do not lean on the sweet.

Often it is women who are interested in the question: what is the rate of testosterone should be a man in a particular age. Choosing a life partner, they must be assured of the sexual possibilities of his chosen.

normal levels

There are general performance standards to be "fit" for the entire life of a man, they make up 12-33 nmol / L or 350-950 ng / dL. If you turned 50 years old, it is necessary to do everything to the male hormone level indicators are not less than the minimum mark. Physicians associated with testosterone shortage of zinc deficiency. Eat foods that are present this chemical element. It can be seafood, lean meat, green vegetables, pumpkin seeds (especially rich in zinc).

After 60 years, it is very difficult to control the secretion of the hormone. By this age androgen levels may be reduced by 5 times. But do not despair, because there are cases where, and 80 men were in excellent physical shape and showed class in the bed.

• This article led me to the conclusion that no matter what age you are, the blood level of the rate of hormone "testosterone" can always be maintained, having basic knowledge.
• Follow the tips, which are herein, namely: do not get carried away with additives designed to increase testosterone (As for athletes).
• Eat only useful to an organism, get enough sleep, run in the morning and visit sports grounds.

Notice any signs of violations of rules? Do not be lazy and go to a doctor who specializes in this area and to calculate the index of free testosterone in the blood. A reasonable approach to the problem will give you a healthy future. This useful information should necessarily be in your companions.

male-site.ru

TOTAL, FREE, bioavailability: TYPES OF TESTOSTERONE

The body 3 is testosterone type. This hormone circulates freely either or bound to proteins. According to studies, 44% of the test for connected with SHBG, 50% - with albumin, 3.5% -c cortisol-binding globulin, and only 2-3% - a free, unbound testosterone.

• Testosterone, which is free or bound to albumin, is considered to be biologically active, since it is weakly bound to the protein, and can easily become active.
• The amount of free and bound to albumin test Ron called bioavailable testosterone.
• This part of testosterone is capable of penetrating into cells. T, which is connected to SHBG (SHBG, SSG), biologically inactive, because a strong bond between them, and testost-n can not escape from it.

The common, and free of bioavailable testosterone vary greatly depending on the laboratory method of determining the measuring units.

• Thus, when measured in ng / dl recommended following rules: total testosterone levels in males 18-69 years of from 250 to 1100 ng / dL in male-n 70-89 years - from 90 to 890 ng / dL.
• The normal range for free testosterone in the 18-69 age range from 46 to 224 ng / dL, as males 70-89 years - from 6 to 73 ng / dl.
• Bioavailable testosterone to be from 110 to 575 ng / dL in men aged 18 to 69 years, and from 15 to 150 ng / dL in male. aged 70 to 89 years. The percentage of free testosterone thus should be 1.1-2.5%.

FREE TESTOSTERONE: RATE IN MEN

Normal levels of free testosterone in men must fall within the following parameters (depending on the laboratory):

Reference values ​​is quite broad, and in the presence of certain symptoms your doctor may order tests for other hormones commonly. T, LH, SHBG, insulin, cortisol, prolactin.

Which affects the free testosterone?

Binding globulin sex hormones (SHBG), strongly influences the free testosterone. men often, passing tests, think that their level testost-to "completely normal", but it happens that they do not take into account all factors and interpret the results incorrectly. Therefore it is important not to forget the role of binding globulin floor. hormones.

Action globulin inherent in its name - it binds to sex hormones and renders them ineffective, inert. Hormones are no longer active in the tissues as they should.

If a man is too much SHBG levels, despite normal or even higher rate of total testosterone, he It will still lack the main male hormone, because free testosterone level is low.

If testosterone (T), you are normal, but you still suffer from its lack of symptoms, it is an occasion for a visit to the doctor, and a more thorough examination.
muzhskie-gormony.info

TC Calculator

Due to the fact that the concentration of free testosterone - is a value that depends on the total bound testosterone in the blood, we introduced the concept of free testosterone index. It is a kind of calculator, which is used to calculate, mathematically, the relationship to the concentration of total TC concentration binding globulin and sex hormones. free testosterone index is used as a visual indicator of the pathological status of the vehicle.

Analysis of testosterone in the blood is used for diagnosing hormonal function in a wide range of pathological diseases associated disorders. Typically, the assay of total testosterone concentration (i.e., and related proteins and active) is most common. But this value is not always acceptable for accurate diagnosis of diseases, because chatter constantly moves blood from one state to another.

To detail the concentrations of free testosterone was only taken to calculate the value mathematically. Calculator for free testosterone is based on calculating the percentage ratio between testosterone, related to sexual Gaumont (SHBG), TC and albumin.

Then the value of the free testosterone index - a mathematical reflection of the active vehicle, and it is equal to the ratio of total testosterone to SHBG, expressed as a percentage. Such a calculator for calculating the active hormone is widely and commonly used in hospitals.

analyzes

free testosterone analysis is conducted for research pathologies hormonal metabolism of men and women using the free testosterone index.

These abnormalities may be a possible cause of many diseases and abnormalities. Among these studies has an important place early diagnosis (TC increased) or late (TC reduced) sexual development of adolescents. Also, for example, such an analysis can be assigned to identify the causes of acne.

• In men of mature age analysis can be assigned to the detection of impotence or infertility, prostate pathologies, osteoporosis.
• As a rule, in all these cases in men it can be fixed lower levels of the hormone in the blood.
• The exception may be rare cases of male infertility caused by increased hormone levels in blood, which is why the production of sperm in the testes depressed too high hormone blood.

In women of childbearing age may be assigned to analysis in identifying the causes of virilization, polycystic ovaries. Analysis of testosterone helps to diagnose disorders in the pituitary gland, mammary glands pathology, disorders of the endocrine system. Studies can be assigned in the menstrual cycle or no menstruation.

Factors influencing the increased hormone levels in women are different, one of the most common - is the age.

When hormone levels in men with age falls, the women sometimes happens otherwise, the analysis shows that it is elevated in 10-20% of cases. Outwardly, it becomes noticeable starting at 50 years of age.

accepted standards

The reference values ​​are the norm in the study of free testosterone index as follows:

• for boys and 10 years for calculating the rate - to 1.5 US dollars .;
• for boys from 10 to 17 years the rate calculation - from 4 to 40 US dollars .;
• Men calculating the rate - from 4 to 30 US dollars .;
• for girls and 10 years for calculating the rate - to 1.5 US dollars .;
• for girls from 10 to 17 years for calculating the norm - up to 4 US dollars .;
• calculating the rate for women - from 0 to 4.5 cu .;
• for postmenopausal women norm calculating - from 0.1 to 2 cu .;

Deviations in the analyzes

Low and high levels of free testosterone in the blood can be observed in cases of injury (traumatic brain with pituitary disorder, or injury of the chest), and due to diseases associated with pathological synthesis and reproduction system hormones. Causes and abnormal reference value in the study of the index of free vehicle are as follows:

1. In men. Overall analysis indicated that the tumors of testes and adrenal glands, pituitary syndrome - Cushing and Reyfenshteyna, blood testosterone levels increased by 20-30%. Reduced levels observed in men with testicular tumor pathology or due to receiving antiandrogen or due to old age. Reduced hormone levels observed in the case of an injury or because of alcohol testicles. Boys with early sexual maturation, hormone levels in the blood increased by 10-25%.
2. Among women. When the disease polycystic ovary syndrome and ovarian tumors of testosterone levels in the blood of women increased by 5-20%. When adrenogenital syndrome and Cushing's syndrome - Cushing blood hormone level is increased by 10-25%. As in men, low levels of hormones may be observed in the case of various reproductive system injuries or due to alcoholism.

When analyzing the results of free testosterone should take into account a number of factors, such as age of the patient. Please note that the concentration of testosterone in males during the day varies, the level increased in the morning and in the evening lowered.In women during the day hormone concentration remains almost unchanged, but greatly increased by the middle of the menstrual cycle. And, of course, it should be noted that the level of the hormone in the blood steadily decreases with age.

ogormonah.ru

What is the free testosterone: features and description

Depending on the structural composition of testosterone is divided into three types: two of these are proteins in their chemical structure, and the third is called free. For the formation of sex and sexual desire unobstructed view of the hormone and its normal secretions are essential for men. As I noted earlier, testosterone - the male hormone, although there is a low concentration and in women. During the life of a man was he who ensures the normal functioning and development of the whole of the reproductive system, and largely determines the overall condition of the body.

Lowering its level provokes impotence, problems of metabolism, and disturbance to the functioning of the nervous and cardiovascular systems.

Based on the above, it is possible to identify the main features of free testosterone, which include:

• the formation of the reproductive system and the development of a secondary group of symptoms in men
• control and normalization of spermatogenesis
• direct effect on libido and sexual desire
• participation in improving the muscle growth rate
• processing of fat
• normalization of metabolism of phosphorus and nitrogen compounds

Authorities, most dependent on the male hormone, is strong enough supplied to them. Consequently testosterone accumulates in such places as the body of the seminiferous tubules, prostate or appendages. Controls synthesis of each type of the hypothalamic-pituitary hormone. Daily in healthy men synthesized about 5-7 grams of testosterone.

Diagnosis and the rate for men

If you have any health problems, which are accompanied by disturbances in the the reproductive system, doctors primarily prescribe analysis of the change in the levels of total and free testosterone. In addition, the diagnosis is recommended systematically, so that was an opportunity in the early stages of alert and begin to treat some diseases.

Diagnosis of free testosterone level is the blood test. The procedure is done in the morning, because at this time the secretion of the hormone most active and stable.

Before the analysis necessary to carry out some training, which is as follows:

• Donating blood is important on an empty stomach, so the last meal, it is desirable to carry out at least 8 hours before the event.
• One day prior to analysis should not ignore the different loads, both physically and morally.
• If you systematically taking any medication, it is important to alert the diagnostician and is better in advance.
• 3-4 hours before the procedure, do not smoke and do not drink tea or coffee.

Preparatory measures are very important to observe, because otherwise the free testosterone concentration will either slightly raised or lowered, it will not allow a maximum guarantee of actually existing diagnose problem. If necessary, the diagnostician may take a second blood donation, which is the norm, which does not need to be afraid.

After receiving a biomaterial, the diagnostician will send it to the test in a laboratory. The final determination of the hormone concentration is carried out, which is used for comparison with the previously defined norm.

When there is any deviation, shall be additional diagnostic measures that help to diagnose a particular pathology.

Verify the results can be yourself using the table below with normal levels of free testosterone in the blood of men.

Age	Index nmol / l
up to 1 year	0-17,1
1-6 years	0-1,5
6-11 years	0,39-2,01
11-15 years	0,48-22,05
15-18 years	3,61-37,67
18-50 years	5,76-30,43
50-90 years	5,41-19,54

The above figures are the norm for their age group. Compare your results with them is possible only when all preparatory standards are met and evidence to suggest that hormone levels may, for whatever reason temporarily increased, no.

The reasons for the deviation from the norm and symptoms

Reduced levels of free testosterone provokes such diseases as: Like any other analysis on determination of free testosterone level is essential for timely diagnosis of diseases and the organization of its treatment. Excess or deficiency of the hormone, of course, if not a short-term deviation from the norm is the alarm bell to to think seriously about their health status.

• diabetes
• atherosclerosis
• cardiovascular diseases
• prostate cancer
• infertility

Causes violation of free hormone concentrations in the lower side are:

• frequent stress
• malnutrition
• bad habits
• genital injuries
• aging
• an inactive lifestyle
• excess weight
• side effects of various kinds of disease or medication

The main symptoms of the fact that free testosterone below normal, the following:

• Voice tone increase
• hair loss
• obesity
• susceptibility to depression, and insomnia nervosa
• infertility
• problem with the sexual organs, erection
• excessive sweating
• decrease in muscle volume
• anemia
• with skin problems

The emergence of the above symptoms necessarily require treatment in the clinic.

frequent aggression, temper and nervoznostiSvidetelstvovat as a free testosterone level can be increased symptoms such as:

• hyperexcitability
• acne activation
• increased growth of hair on the body

The main danger excessively high concentration of free male hormone in blood is testicular atrophy, which very likely will lead to infertility and impotence.

Short-term changes

In addition to the pathological nature of the variation in the level of free testosterone in men, there are also reasons for provoking an increase or decrease in the concentration of substances in the short period.

These include:

• stressful or depressed at the time of blood donation
• infectious disease or chronic illness
• excess weight
• lowering of immunity
• age
• sedentary lifestyle
• properly organized food and bad ecology
• bad habits
• reception of anabolic steroids
• genetic feature

Men are very important to monitor the level of its main hormone and keep it normal, as normal, its concentration contributes to:

• stability of the normal development and growth of sex organs
• the exclusion of the risk of problems in the process of spermatogenesis
• development of masculine characteristics in character, body and demeanor
• libido stimulation

Deviation to either side requires men due attention and activities to normalize your hormonal levels.

Methods for normalization hormone

Normalize the level of free testosterone in the blood is possible only if you observe several therapeutic interventions. The course is a kind of therapy as follows:

• Organization of recreation.
• Implementation of systematic exercise and maintenance of rolling lifestyle.
• The organization of a balanced diet.
• Exception receiving anabolic steroids.
• Complete rejection of bad habits.
• If necessary, reception of some medicinal drugs (prescribed by a doctor).

It should take into consideration the fact that the normalization of testosterone levels in the presence of inducing the deviation of diseases is possible only if their therapy. To better enhance the concept of the process or lowering hormone below summarizes the main recommendations for therapy:

1. Watch out for power. Balance your diet in such a way as to raise or lower the hormone naturally. For information on how different types of food affect the levels of free testosterone, can be found in special tables.
2. Normalize your weight. The appearance of extra kilos clearly indicates a problem with the hormonal system in humans. Normalizing weight and giving up foods that increase it, you can have a positive impact on the level of testosterone in the body.
3. Sleep required 8 hours. It is important to understand that the lack of sleep - the provocateur serious violations of human hormonal system.
4. Begin to play sports. Any physical activity - it is a natural method for amplifying the main male hormone secretion.
5. Give up bad habits. They are the same lack of sleep, hormonal disorders are provocateurs.
6. Fully relax. Fatigue adversely affects all the systems of the human body, including the hormone.

Taking medication drugs that normalize the levels of free testosterone, it is possible only when they are prescribed by your doctor. Otherwise, incorrectly assigning the drug can provoke other health problems, while more serious.

Possible complications and consequences

The main consequences of this kind of deviations are: Ignoring instability and the waste from the normal free testosterone levels in the blood may cost men dearly enough. Any violation of the hormonal plan is important to diagnose and fix.

• development of various kinds of diseases not related to the reproductive system (diabetes, myocardial infarction, etc.);
• development of pathologies genitals
• infertility
• development of existing brain ailments that provoke disturbances in hormone secretion
• prostate cancer
• beginning obesity
• unstable psychophysical condition
• impotence
• Wilt genitals

On the basis of such specificity free testosterone secretion unstable phenomenon in men, it is important to diagnose rejection and begin to eliminate them. In general, the problems of this kind exists in about 20% of men on the planet.

Most of them manage to get rid of the disease. But it is necessary to understand that the successful outcome of the event is only possible if there is a sensitive monitoring of the health of men and systematic implementation of the checks.

diagnozlab.com

What is this hormone?

Testosterone - the male sex hormone, which has an androgenic effect. Despite the fact that the male hormone called, he is present in the body of both men and women, differing in quantity. The male body is synthesized from holesterinablagodarya gonads testes. In the women's same body responsible for the production of testosterone ovaries, giving it a much smaller concentrations (normal). In organisms of both sexes is synthesized through the adrenal cortex. In men, the hormone responsible for masculinization (ie set of features originally unique to men), and women's - for androgenization (atypical appearance for the ladies changes).

What properties shows testosterone

The effects of exposure to this hormone are irreplaceable, because testosterone has many positive effects:

• It promotes the development of male reproductive organs (it occurs in utero);
• thanks to him developing secondary sexual characteristics in men (this deepening of voice, growth of body hair and face, facial development of male features, powerful muscular system - all that helps to distinguish a man from women);
• It has anabolic effects, promoting muscle growth (hence testosterone in its various forms is used in sports pharmacology);
• It affects the libido;
• It plays an important in phosphate and nitrogen metabolism.

But in low or reduced levels of this hormone may be observed side effects:

• hypertension (high blood pressure);
• appearance of edema;
• masculinization (about ladies);
• the development of infertility;
• tendency to frequent changes of mood, and aggression, unstable behavior, excessive excitability;
• partial or full baldness;
• skin problems (oily, acne).

A variety of forms of testosterone

Testosterone is present in the human body in two forms: free and bound. There is also a variant in between, where conventionally called free testosterone or bioavailable. This conventional form of a combination of testosterone bound to albumin, a free.

The most informative index is free, because only in this form of the hormone is active and can interact with androgen receptors, as well as participate in many biochemical processes.

Surely you've ever been in a medical lab and saw among the list of tests "total testosterone." Thus, physicians determine the entire hormone (bound + free) in the body. But more useful is to know the level of the free only because its fluctuations affect the health and appearance of a much more visible way.

What are the rules of free testosterone?

The level of this hormone is different, not only for men and women, but also for the different ages of the same sex. It is logical that the passionate young boy 20 years of age the level of testosterone is higher than that of a solid adult male, who has already exchanged sixth decade. It's all the same laws of nature. Read the article on how to increase testosterone to men.

Consider the free testosterone in men

These specialists endocrinologists read as follows:

1. between the ages of 20 and 39 men in the norm should be averaged rate of 10.75 ng / dL;
2. 40-49 - 7-26 ng / dL;
3. aged 50-59 - 5-22 ng / dL;
4. and at the age of 60 to 69 years - 5-19 ng / dL.

With further increase of the age level drops lower and lower.

ng / dL (or ng / ml) - this is a common unit of measurement for hormone assays. Since the analysis is made in a material sampling of venous blood, this unit indicates the quantity in nanograms hormone have a small blood volume (milliliter or deciliter).

For women, these figures are, of course, vary.

Norma women

1. Only after their birth and up to 5 months in girls testosterone should be in the range of 0.2 - 0.8 ng / ml;
   from six months to 6 years - 0.06 - 0.2 ng / ml;
2. 10-11 years - 0.06 - 0.44 ng / ml;
3. 12-16 - 0.07 - 0.75 ng / ml;
4. 17-18 - 0.2 - 0.75 ng / ml;
5. older than 19 years - 0.08 - 0.6 ng / ml;
6. in the period during and after menopause - 0.15 - 0.7 ng / ml.

Why is it important to know the level of free testosterone?

Control your hormones physicians advise all men, in order to avoid unpleasant consequences, and, if it is imperative to begin treatment.

This is important, as the increase in free testosterone level entails such problems:

• risk of adrenal hyperplasia. This pathology is that tissues and organs will grow disproportionately (eg, the penis grows and testicles - no). Growth is accelerating, not taking into account the age and maturity of other body systems.
• there is the risk of testicular tumors;
• risk of infertility;
• problems with sleep.

With a lack of the hormone, on the contrary, a person will experience:

• weakness, lethargy;
• delay muscle growth, strength;
• impotence;
• disadvantage, as well as an imbalance of hormones can lead to gynecomastia - a problem that has arisen because of the increasing level of female hormones in the male body.

So from time to time by controlling the level of testosterone, you risk to maintain your health for years to come. And taking into account the effect of anabolic hormone, can keep the body in good shape.

Now, however, hoping that this information will go in your favor, I say goodbye to you, dear readers. Do not forget to subscribe to updates of my blog and leave comments. Be healthy!

protvoysport.ru

General information about the study

Testosterone - a steroid hormone from the group of androgens (male sex hormones). The men produced in the Leydig cells of the testes and in a small amount in the adrenal cortex, women - in the ovaries and adrenal glands.

The main functions of testosterone are the control of the correct development of male sex organs, increase the volume of the skeletal muscles, stimulation of spermatogenesis, hair growth on the skin of the face, armpits, pubis.

The secretion of the hormone changes with age - grows up to 30 years, but after 50 starts to decrease. Also recorded and daily fluctuations testosterone: peak between 4 and 8 am and between at least 16 and 20 pm.

When excessive formation of androgens in women virilization occurs (secondary sexual characteristics, typical for men), hirsutism (excessive hair growth of male type), deepening of voice, hypertrophy the clitoris.

• Since testosterone stimulates the sebaceous glands, its increase is often associated with the development of acne.
• Decreased testosterone synthesis in males leads to hypogonadism (maldevelopment gonads) hairiness of female type, the weak development of the skeletal muscles, underdeveloped external genitals, infertility, breast enlargement, obesity.
• Insufficient production of androgen in older men increases the risk of osteoporosis.

3 total testosterone type

Total testosterone blood is divided into 3 types: free testosterone (not associated with protein, 1-4% of the total), testosterone, globulin coupled to sex hormone binding (60-70%) and testosterone bound to albumin (loosely testosterone, 25-40%).

Free and loosely coupled form - a bioavailable testosterone, that is, having a biological activity. Bound testosterone, in turn, is not active.

free testosterone level independent of changes in globulin concentration of sex hormone binding (SHBG). Therefore, if the increased SHBG (in hyperthyroidism, cirrhosis, use of oral contraceptives, and antiepileptics, giperestrogeniey states, including gestation) or decreased (in hypothyroidism, obesity, androgen excess, nephritic syndrome), on the free testosterone test will be more informative than common.

Why use the research?

• To identify the causes of early puberty or delayed puberty in boys.
• To identify the causes of impotence and infertility in men.
• For the diagnosis of tumors testosteronprodutsiruyuschih gonads.
• To identify polycystic ovaries and other causes of virilization in women.
• To monitor the treatment of prostate gonadoliberines analogs and antiandrogens cancer.
• To identify the causes of acne.
• For the diagnosis of hypothalamic-pituitary disorders, endocrine function evaluation system.
• To clarify the gender of newborns with ambiguous sexual characteristics.

When the assigned study?

• men:
  • at a delay of the development of secondary sexual characteristics or early puberty,
  • with a decrease in libido and sexual function, impotence,
  • for suspected hypogonadism,
  • infertility,
  • of andropause ( "male menopause")
  • with severe acne,
  • osteoporosis.
• women:
  • with irregular menstrual cycle, or in the absence of menstruation,
  • infertility,
  • hirsutism and / or excessive development of male external signs, hair loss,
  • for acne.
• Newborns with ambiguous sexual characteristics analysis can be assigned with the determination of the level of sex hormones and other instrumental methods of diagnosis.

What do the results mean?

reference values

To test the system Free Testosterone ELISA (EIA-two thousand nine hundred twenty-four), DRG:

Floor	Age	Reference Range (pg / ml)
Male	<12 years	0 - 4.6 pg / ml
12-19 years	0.18 - 23.08 pg / ml
19-55 years	1.00 - 28.28 pg / ml
> 55 years	0.70 - 21.45 pg / ml
female	<12 years	0 - 1.46 pg / ml
12-19 years	0 - 2.24 pg / ml
19-55 years	0 - 2.85 pg / ml
> 55 years	0 - 1.56 pg / ml

For test systems Free Testosterone (CAN-fTE-260), Diagnostics Biochem Canada Inc .:

Floor	reference values
Male	4.25 - 30.37 pg / ml
female	0.04 - 4.18 pg / ml

Reasons for increasing levels of free testosterone

In men:

• tumors of the testes and adrenal glands,
• congenital hyperplasia and adrenal hyperplasia (accompanied by an enzyme deficiency 21- or 11-hydroxylase)
• early puberty in boys,
• Cushing - Cushing syndrome
• Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome.

Among women:

• polycystic ovarian syndrome,
• ovarian tumors, endometrial and adrenal glands,
• adrenogenital syndrome (congenital adrenal hyperplasia),
• Cushing - Cushing's syndrome.

The reasons for lowering the level of free testosterone

In men:

• - genetic disorders of sexual development and testosterone production (Willie Klinefelter's syndrome, Prader syndrome)
• pathology of the hypothalamus-pituitary system associated with production of luteinizing hormone
• testicular pathology (cryptorchidism, myotonic dystrophy)
• acquired pathology gonads (due to injury testicular transferred as in mumps virus, radiation damage or toxic effects of ethanol in alcoholism)
• reception gonadoliberines analogues or anti-androgens,
• elderly age.

In women, a decrease in free testosterone in clinical practice do not take into account.

That can influence the outcome?

• Medications that increase testosterone levels: anticonvulsants, barbiturates, bromocriptine, clomiphene, danazol, estrogen, minoxidil, pravastatin, rifampicin, tamoxifen, bicalutamide, Casodex, cimetidine, finasteride, lyupron, nilutamide, anabolic steroids, goserelin, levonorgestrel, nafarelin, naloxone, mifepristone, oral contraceptives, phenytoin, valproic acid.
• Drugs that lower testosterone levels are: anti-androgens, carbamazepine, corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, digoxin, estradiol valerate, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, finasteride, gemfibrozil, IL, ketoconazole, leuprolide, magnesium, narcotic drugs, nafarelin, stanozolol, spironolactone, tetracycline, verapamil, cyproterone, diethylstilbestrol, glucose, ethanol, halothane, metoprolol, metyrapone, fenotiazidy.
• After strenuous exercise in the blood level of testosterone increases.

important Notices

• The results of the analysis should be interpreted taking into account the age and sex of the patient.
• In men, hormone level changes during the day, peaking at 4.00-8.00 hours and minimum at 16.00-20.00.
• In women, testosterone is highest in the middle of the cycle.
• The concentration of testosterone in the blood gradually decreases with age.

also recommended

• Testosterone
• Binding globulin sex hormones (SHBG)
• Luteinizing hormone (LH)
• Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
• estradiol
• Progesterone
• prolactin
• dihydrotestosterone
• Dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-SO4)
• Antibodies to steroidprodutsiruyuschim testicular cells
• inhibin B
• Antimyullerovsky hormone
• androstenedione
• 17-ketosteroids (17-KS) in urine
• 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OPG)
• semen
• Hormone-dependent disruption of spermatogenesis
• Genetic causes of male infertility

Who appoints the study?

Endocrinologist, gynecologist, andrologist, urologist, reproductive system.

Literature

1. Fischbach F.T., Dunning M.B. A Manual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests, 8th Ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008: 1344pp
2. Fisher D.A. The Quest diagnostics manual. Endocrinology test selection and interpretation, 4th ed. San Juan Capistrano, CA: Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, 2007: 369pp
3. Wilson D. McGraw-Hill Manual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests 1st Ed Normal, Illinois, 2007: 366pp
4. N. Lavigne (eds.). Endocrinology.

helix.ru

normal level

The level of male hormone dependent on:

• stress, depression;
• presence of infectious or chronic diseases, obesity, the state of the immune system;
• age category;
• immobility, malnutrition, environmental;
• bad habits (smoking, alcohol, drugs)
• reception of anabolic steroids;
• genetic predisposition;

Normal amounts of androgens in the blood:

• It contributes to proper development and growth of the genitals;
• establishes spermatogenesis;
• It produces male characteristics in the nature, body, and behavior;
• It stimulates the libido.

Table normal hormone values ​​by age:

Age	Normal blood nmol / l
0-1 years	0, 42- 0,72
1-7 years	0,1 – 1,12
7-13 years	0,1 — 2,37
13-18 years	0,98 – 38,5
18-50 years	8,64 — 29
More than 50 years	6,68 – 25,7

Total and free testosterone in men

Total testosterone - the amount of hormones in the free (unbound) and related conditions.

Free androgen is 2%, and a related - 98% of the total. Thus 44% of 98% of the hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and 54% - testosterone bound to albumin and other proteins.

Free androgen is active, he is responsible for the proper functioning of the reproductive system and the presence of libido.Hormone deficiency can give rise to problems such as:

• disorders of fat metabolism;
• mental disorders;
• problems with heart;
• loss of muscle and bone;
• impotence.

Depending on the individual and age characteristics of individual men, the rate of total androgen following:

• men 18-69 years: 250-1100 ng / dL;
• age 70 years and older: 90-890 ng / dL.

The average free testosterone:

• men 18-69 years: 46-224 ng / dL;
• age 70 years and over: 6-73 ng / dL.

Testosterone is below normal

In men aged 30 years under the influence of negative external factors active hormone can drastically become lower than normal. A related factor is reduced after 50 years.

After 40 years may occur the first fall-related indicators of androgen, which is called a midlife crisis.

The highest levels of testosterone - is 25-30 years. Up to 50 years, about 13% of men have a degree of male hormone in the blood below normal.

Due to lack of androgen after 55-60 years it is difficult to gain muscle or lose weight.

Symptoms of low testosterone

Signs that a hormone in the blood below normal:

• voice mutation, a higher tone;
• the reduction or absence of hair on the body and face (exception - is the loss of hair on his head, indicating that the increase in testosterone);
• obesity of female type (in the abdomen, hips);
• depression, fatigue, nervosa, insomnia.
• infertility;
• reduction of nocturnal erections, lack of sexual desire;
• sweating;
• decreased muscle and bone mass body;
• anemia;
• dryness and sagging skin.

If at least 3 of the above symptoms, you should consult with a specialist.

Androgen below normal

Below normal androgen can lead to various diseases. Such as:

• Development of diabetes: due to low levels of the hormone reduced sensitivity to insulin;
• atherosclerosis;
• cardiovascular disease (can cause a myocardial infarction);
• prostate cancer;
• infertility.

The androgen may be below normal for the following reasons:

• Psychological: adrenaline, which is released during stress, inhibits the production of androgen.
• Food: unbalanced diet may be the main reason for the low levels of the male hormone. It is necessary to exclude products that reduce androgens, and add more vitamins and products that increase testosterone.
• Bad habits: alcohol and soft drinks, tobacco, caffeine, drugs have a negative impact on the androgen level.
• Injury to the genitals.
• Age: After a certain age (30 years) there is a decrease in testosterone levels by 1-2% annually. This is caused by age-related changes and is an irreversible process.
• A sedentary lifestyle, moderate physical activity and weight training increases the level of androgen. But too much exercise, and the use of anabolic steroids leads to a decrease in the hormone.
• Consequences from illness and receiving medication.

Testosterone above normal

Signs of increased levels of androgen in the blood:

• aggressiveness, temper, nervousness;
• anxiety, excitement;
• tendency for violence;
• acne;
• increased hairiness.

With increased rate of hormone in the blood of men may develop testicular atrophy, leading to impotence and infertility.

dihydrotestosterone norm in men

Dihydrotestosterone - is the most active and natural steroid hormone that determines the proper development of adolescents during puberty, acts on the formation and growth of male genitalia, the presence of male sexual behavior and erectile function. This powerful androgen synthesized from free testosterone under the action of the enzyme 5-alpha-reductase. Dihydrotestosterone controls cell division process.

The main part (70%) of DHT found in the skin of genitals and in the hair follicles. Therefore, the first indication of a violation of the androgen level - is hair loss.

Symptoms, in which we can see that the level of dihydrotestosterone below the norm:

• Low androgen levels;
• impotence;
• aypadenie hair on his head;
• a reduction in the size of the male genital organs;

On the amount of testosterone in the blood depends on the rate of dihydrotestosterone. The higher the level of the first, the more it is fermented to dihydrotestosterone. It is necessary to control the androgen levels in the blood, which is regulated by the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus.

Norma dihydrotestosterone in males, the table:

Age men	Dihydrotestosterone, pg / ml
Up to 10 years	5-50
10-12 years	5-50
After 12 years	250-990

To normalize the levels of the male hormone in the blood, a man needs to be treated, which will appoint an expert. It is recommended:

• fully relax;
• add to the activity of moderate exercise, sedentary life;
• balanced diet;
• do not take anabolic steroids;
• to refuse from bad habits.

gormonoff.com

What is testosterone, and when it is necessary to donate blood for levels of the hormone analysis

In men, testosterone is produced in the testes, in women - in the ovaries and the adrenal cortex. Testosterone is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics and normal functioning of the reproductive system, protein synthesis and mood, as well as for the growth of bones and muscles (as a teenager).

Testosterone in the blood is present in free and protein-bound state. Only about 2% is free testosterone. 44% of testosterone in the human body due to globulin (SHBG), and 54% - with albumin or other proteins.

As a rule, to begin with the doctor prescribes an analysis on total testosterone, and if it is found abnormal, aims at the analysis on SHBG.

Indications for testosterone analysis were:

• infertility;
• adrenal tumor;
• obesity;
• osteoporosis;
• acne;
• male erectile dysfunction, hypogonadism, decreased libido, chronic prostatitis, osteoporosis, Klinefelter's syndrome;
• women: menstrual irregularities, uterine bleeding, miscarriage, polycystic ovary syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, ovarian tumors, endometriosis.

Preparation for blood donation

Usually the direction of testosterone analysis gives a gynecologist, andrologist, endocrinologist, or reproductive system. To analyze results on testosterone levels were accurate, it is necessary to prepare for the study.

You can not donate blood for testosterone during the days after the ultrasound, fluoroscopy or X-ray, as well as physical therapy and rectal examination. A doctor should be warned if you are taking any hormonal drugs, including oral contraceptives and drugs for local use - for example, gels and ointments. If we are not talking about the preservation of health and the removal of the drug does not cause serious problems, reception of these funds is better to suspend. Donating blood testosterone can be 2 weeks after discontinuation of hormonal methods.

One day before delivery of the analysis is recommended to refrain from any physical activity, alcohol consumption and smoking, as well as fatty foods. Blood testosterone dealt strictly on an empty stomach in the morning (before 11:00) - in this period the highest level of testosterone.

The procedure for biomaterial sampling

For analysis to testosterone blood taken from a vein.

Blood sampling is carried out by a qualified technician in a laboratory. This is done using a disposable syringe. Normally, the patient does not feel any discomfort, because the amount of blood needed for this study, it is very small.

Interpretation of the results of a blood test for testosterone

The principle of decoding results of the analysis are almost always consists in comparing patient data analysis with the reference values, that is the norm. It should be borne in mind that the units in different clinics vary. Since testosterone level can be actuated nmol / L ng / ml pg / ml.

Usually in analysis results indicated forms characteristic values ​​used in the clinic units, that allows the patient to make a preliminary conclusion about the results of analysis. However, it should be understood that it is not always an aberration is the result of pathological processes. Occur and physiological fluctuations. For example, the maximum concentration of androgens (including testosterone) is observed in the early morning, after which levels start to decline, reaching a minimum in the evening. There is also a circadian rhythm of testosterone synthesis: the spring of the level of this hormone is greatest, but in winter is minimal. Transients concentration may occur due to stress, depression, after a hearty reception foods, severe physical stress (which causes a momentary increase in the blood level of testosterone). Such fluctuations are the norm.

Norma testosterone in men

Normal testosterone parameters in serum vary in different age groups:

• boys / men to 18 years: from 0.2 nmol / L to 37.67 nmol / L;
• men from 18 to 50 years: from 5.76 nmol / L to 30.43 nmol / L;
• men over 50 years old, from 5,41-19,54 nmol / L;

elevated hormone level

Sometimes high testosterone does not reflect a serious pathologies. In women, SHBG is increased by oral contraceptives and during pregnancy. In both sexes there is a high SHBG in cases of medication for epilepsy, and in hyperthyroidism. Most often, an elevated level of testosterone indicates health problems.

In men, testosterone is elevated indicates liver disease, prostate cancer, adrenal hyperplasia, diseases, in which the body loses responsiveness to androgens, cindrome Reyfenshteyna (male pseudohermaphroditism), tumors pituitary. Testosterone is increased and when receiving steroids.

hormone level is lowered

In men, testosterone levels decrease may be due to age-related changes, and it is well within the norm. But if the level is significantly reduced in comparison to the average performance of a certain age group, it may indicate the presence of cirrhosis, hormonal imbalance, diabetes, testicular dysfunctions, diseases of the hypothalamus and pituitary. Reduced levels of SHBG also seen in obesity, hypothyroidism and excess androgens. It should also be noted that a decrease in testosterone can lead an unhealthy lifestyle, smoking, intake alcohol and drugs, the obsession with the harmful food, as well as the weakening of the body from illness and long-term abstinence. Patients with Down syndrome, too often marked by a lack of testosterone.

For women, a lack of testosterone - not so terrible sign. Typically, the level of this hormone is markedly reduced with the onset of menopause. But too low testosterone can also talk about kidney failure. In addition, the intake of certain medications can cause a decrease in the level of this hormone is - first of all it refers to glucocorticoids, ketoconazole, and opioids.

In our bodies, as well as in nature at all, everything is balanced. And changes in any direction - a clear sign of health problems or shortcomings lifestyle. Moreover, in itself a deficiency or an excess of testosterone can greatly damage the health. Too much of this hormone leads to acne and hair loss, psychological disorders until the depression with suicidal thoughts, infertility, heart disease and blood vessels, sexually disorders.

The lack of testosterone is also dangerous - it is fraught with cardiovascular disease, obesity and other endocrine disorders, osteoporosis, various psycho-emotional disorders, and sexual problems area.

https://www.kp.ru/guide/analiz-na-testosteron.html

How to determine the level of testosterone by circumstantial evidence

There are some indirect signs by which one can determine your testosterone levels fell, or, conversely, too rose.

Signs of decreased testosterone

Decreased libido

Low testosterone levels is often a cause of decreased libido in men.

Men with low testosterone less willing to stand, because of what may be experiencing problems with erection, less masturbate and do not survive the erotic fantasies.

As for women, decreased sexual desire, along with a decrease in testosterone levels in particular markedly after the menopause, testosterone therapy but rarely yields positive results. The best results were obtained when combined testosterone and estrogen.

Excess weight

Testosterone is associated with an increased amount of fat in the male body.

Reduced testosterone increases lipoprotein lipase enzyme activity, which depends on the concentration of lipids in the blood and their transport to the visceral fat - reserves around internal organs.

Women and higher and lower levels of testosterone at reduced estradiol (female sex hormone) can cause obesity.

Depression

If you have all the time in a bad mood, there is no strength and energy, maybe it's in the low level of testosterone.

Scientists have found that men are depressed testosterone levels decreased. And although it is still unknown what it is the origin, hormone therapy is quite effective for treating depression, especially in elderly people.

Loss of muscle mass

If the gym you can not lift weights that are easy to work some time ago, and you did not stop exercise and eat well, maybe it's in the amount of testosterone.

Loss of muscle mass is directly associated with reduced testosterone levels.

Increased testosterone number leading to increased synthesis of muscle cells. For example, the additional administration of 3 mg of testosterone per 1 kg of weight once a week for 12 weeks, increases the synthesis of muscle by 27%.

Unwillingness to pursue his goal after failure

If after the failure you lose heart, perhaps it is not in the nature.

The level of testosterone depends on desire of man to compete after the loss and achieve their goals after a failure. Because it is very important for success in any business, the level of testosterone can be a decisive factor in achieving success.

memory impairment

Testosterone deficiency can negatively affect memory in both men and women.

In a large scientific review in 2015, scientists have concluded that testosterone definitely affects memory, but the actual effect depends on the sex, age, presence of diseases and hormonal levels.

For example, testosterone injections help to improve spatial memory in healthy young women, but in combination with estrogen impair verbal memory in women with menopause.

At the same time, testosterone improves spatial and verbal memory in Alzheimer's patients.

If you memorize words bad or just can not find a place, although several times been there, perhaps about hormones.

Signs of increased testosterone

Though all and strive to increase the testosterone level, too high levels of this hormone also has a negative impact on the body. Especially strongly increased production of testosterone beats on women's health.

Skin Problems

Elevated levels of male sex hormones in women increases the production of sebum and provoke acne.

In addition, increased testosterone can cause follicular hyperkeratosis, or "goose bumps." This disease, which interferes with exfoliation, its upper layer coarsens and blushes.

Thus acne is associated with high levels of androgens, not only in women but also in men.

Aggressiveness and recklessness

Testosterone provides the confidence and motivation, but when too much, the positive qualities of alternate negative.

Testosterone activates subcortical region of the brain responsible for aggressive behavior, while cortisol and serotonin act as antagonists and reduce the effect of testosterone. Do prisoners and perpetrators of violence, testosterone levels tend to be higher, so they are prone to aggression.

But even if it comes quite civilized and adequate human, increased testosterone causes the risk and make decisions lightly, relying on the first thing that comes to mind.

https://lifehacker.ru/kak-opredelit-uroven-testosterona/

When to take the total testosterone, and when free?

In those situations where SHBG hormone is different from the norm (eg, increased in hyperthyroidism, hyperestrogenia, pregnancy, oral contraceptives, reception, or downgraded in hypothyroidism, androgen excess, obesity), measuring free testosterone may be more appropriate than the determination of total testosterone.

Norms of free testosterone

Age of the patient	Women pg / ml	Men pg / ml
6 - 12 years	< 1,46	< 4,6
12 - 19 years	< 2,24	0,18 – 23,08
19 - 55 years	< 2,85	1,00 – 28,28
> 55 years	<1,56	0,70 – 21,45

Important!

• in medical practice decrease in testosterone levels in women is not seen as a deviation from the norm;
• The result can influence a number of drugs, including not only hormones, antidepressants and antibiotics, but also anti-inflammatory and antiviral agents;
• free testosterone levels dramatically "jumps" after physical activity and / or emotional stress;
• In male patients the testosterone concentration fluctuates during the day. It reaches a peak between 4 and 8 o'clock in the morning. The smallest index is recorded in the period from 16.00 to 20.00;
• In women, the highest concentration of hormone observed in the middle of the menstrual cycle, so the analysis is recommended to take it for 6-7 days;
• With age, the level of free testosterone is reduced it is necessary to consider the norm.

https://www.diagnos.ru/procedures/analysis/free-testosterone