Normal and pathological uric acid levels in men

Uric acid in the blood: the norm for women and men by age, reasons for the increase, treatment

Uric acid is an end product of purine metabolism - natural compounds involved in the synthesis of DNA, RNA, coenzymes and energy base - ATP molecules. The compound is detected in the blood (lithemia) and urine (urikuriya). Elevated levels of this substance in the plasma is denoted by the term "hyperuricemia".

Table of contents: Where does the uric acid? Uric acid: norms for men and women Causes of hyperuricemia more dangerous excess uric acid? What tests are conducted on the compound? Clinical manifestations of How to treat hyperuricemia?

Sources of uric acid generally protrude products containing purines. In some diseases, and as a result of the natural aging process it is also formed during the collapse of their own cells.

note

Uric acid is synthesized by virtually all cells of the body.

The main sources of purines:

• legumes;
• rice;
• eggs;
• meat;
• a fish;
• liver (beef, pork and chicken).

During the process of biotransformation of purines to uric acid ksantoksidaza responsible enzyme present in the liver and gastrointestinal tract mucosa lower divisions. Up to 80% of the compound is excreted by the kidneys, and the remaining volume - intestine (part disposed normal microflora of the gastrointestinal tract).

Uric acid: norms for men and women

The normal content of uric acid in the body is determined on a genetic level, ie. E. It passed from parents. It is believed that the person from which its concentration is relatively high, characterized by a greater activity.

Normal figures analysis (mkmmol / l):

• male - 200-420;
• women - 160-320;
• the elderly (over 65 years) - 500;
• newborn babies -140-340;
• young children - 120-300;
• children under 15 years - 140-340.

On average, in the body of a healthy adult human is constantly present about 1 g of uric acid, and released every day - and a half times more! It is capable of binding acidic radicals, protecting cells against these toxic compounds. Due to the antioxidant activity prevented malignant degeneration of cellular elements. Uric acid activates epinephrine and norepinephrine, thereby stimulating CNS activity.

Causes of hyperuricemia

Among the direct causes of increasing the concentration of uric acid include:

• high level protein nutritional intake (purines source);
• decrease in renal excretory activity;
• increased synthesis of substances in the liver;
• pneumonia;
• rhabdomyolysis;
• polycythemia vera;
• hemolytic anemia;
• psoriasis.

note

By diseases caused hepatic and renal dysfunction are pyelonephritis, nephrosis; hepatitis, cirrhosis and diabetes.

Indirect causes hyperuricemia;

• leukemia;
• In the group hypovitaminosis (especially - B12);
• metabolic disorders (overweight, obesity);
• hypofunction of parathyroid glands;
• metabolic acidosis (in t. h. gestosis pregnant women);
• poisoning by carbon monoxide, ammonia, or lead;
• prolonged intake of certain pharmacological agents (diuretics, salicylates, anti-tumor and anti-TB drugs);

Lithemia increases when smoking (due to tissue hypoxia), as well as insolation (cells need additional protection against free radicals formed by the action of UV light).

At expectant mothers in I and II trimesters substance level is lowered and III - increasing.

It is noted that hyperuricemia is typical for people with 3 (B) blood group.

Dangerous than the excess of uric acid?

During the reaction of the acid with water and sodium form poorly soluble compounds - urate. They have a tendency to precipitate with decreasing temperature, and acidification of the environment. Their accumulation in the joint tissues provokes the development of gout.

"Trigger" in this process is often a local or systemic hypothermia. Urata perceived by the immune system as foreign particles, and it is trying to destroy them.

But also damaged their own joint tissues, resulting in inflammation develops with alternating phases of remission and exacerbation.

Sodium salts enter the renal tubule, where eventually formed urate calculi capable obturated ureters and cause renal colic. salt deposits may also form in the gastrointestinal organs and muscle tissue.

The uric acid kidney actively formed on the background of the abuse of alcohol, so binges provoke acute gouty arthritis. This compound can also be synthesized in the liver in the metabolism of the individual sugars.

Reducing the pH environment of the organism is observed in diabetic patients and in athletes (active exercise cause growth of lactic acid - lactic acidosis).

note

Hyperuricemia is prevalent in girls, overly restrictive diets are fond.

What tests are conducted on the compound?

Determination of uric acid level enables objectively evaluate the state of purine metabolism, and, consequently, get information on the functional activity of the kidneys and liver, as well as the hematopoietic system and the skeletal state musculature.

Pathologies in which necessarily determined uricaemia Level

Monitoring uric acid content necessarily carried out during chemotherapy tumor growths.

This analysis is one of the mandatory kidney samples, allowing to detect deviations from the tubes and tubular body.

Hyperuricemia is not yet regarded as a sufficient basis for the diagnosis of "gout."

In this case, we must take into account the additional characteristic clinical symptoms and X-ray data. Urate deposits and deformation of the joint are clearly visible in the pictures.

If the rate is exceeded, but the patient did not complain of pain and deterioration of health, to speak of "asymptomatic hyperuricemia."

Quantitative analysis of blood uric acid technically uncomplicated; it can carry out almost any clinic. For the test requires special reagents and fotoekektrokolorimetr.

For rapid analysis designed compact devices, resembling blood glucose meters.

Clinical manifestations

Symptoms of hereditary hyperuricemia in children:

• pink patches on the skin;
• itching;
• soak.

Important

Toddlers may develop diathesis or psoriasis.

Leading display high levels of uric acid gouty arthritis is more common in men over 40 years. In the early stages of development of the joints start to hurt the big toe (loss often symmetrical). Swelling of affected area and the skin in its projection becomes congested and hot to the touch.

Painful syndrome characterized by a high intensity. During an exacerbation it appears at the slightest touch to the sore joint. As the progression of gout, the process involved the ankle and knee, as well as the fingers, wrist and elbow joints.

The disease threatens to disability; not yet old man actually becomes disabled.

Represent a serious danger urate deposits in the myocardium. They can cause heart failure, hypertension, and even acute myocardial.

Sometimes uric acid salts are part of the dental plaque, leading to periodontitis and parodontosis.

If salts of uric acid deposited in the organs of the urinary system, the patient will intensive ( "raking") flank pain, lower back and groin.

In these patients, dramatically increases the risk of cystitis and urethritis infectious origin. Formed urate calculi often shifted, causing bouts of renal colic.

Pain when they are so strong that it can trigger the development of a state of shock.

How to treat hyperuricemia?

The main way to combat the high levels of uric acid - a restrictive diet.

From the diet it is advisable to exclude the following products:

• meats (such as meat and fish);
• fatty meats (particularly - ovine);
• fat;
• liver;
• kidney;
• canned food;
• sausages;
• pickles;
• strong broths;
• seasonings and spices;
• mushrooms;
• beans;
• peas;
• sorrel;
• cream cakes;
• shoplifting juices;
• sweet soda;
• chocolate.

Allowed the following products:

• eggs (boiled, and not more than 1 pc. in a day);
• boiled chicken;
• rather weak broths;
• vegetable oil (better - olive oil);
• green tea;
• any vegetables;
• fruits;
• rye bread with bran;
• biscuits (biscuits);
• cheese varieties;
• cottage cheese;
• kefir;
• broth hips;
• freshly squeezed juices;
• weak coffee with milk.

Once a week, it is advisable to arrange fasting days, consuming only yogurt + cheese or fruit.

If the diet is ineffective, and acute gout periodically manifest themselves, appointed pharmacotherapy.

The most effective drugs against gipeurikemii are:

• allopurinol;
• colchicine;
• Benzobromaron;
• sulfinpyrazone;
• Blemaren.

note

The drug blemaren optimizes the process of dissolution of uric acid stones kidneys and urinary tract. Dosage and duration of the course of therapy determined by the attending physician.

During treatment requires periodic monitoring of the acid-base status of urine. The package includes the preparation indicator to determine it.

Absolute contraindications to receive blemaren are circulatory failure and renal failure.

These drugs must be taken long courses. Dosages are set individually by the attending physician.

note

uric acid level drops to a reception control pills, antibiotics azathioprine, protivolipiemicheskih means (fenofibrate and clofibrate) and antipsychotic chlorprothixene. Reducing its concentration is also capable Probenetsi (by stimulating substance excretion by the kidneys).

Folk medicine recommends herbal teas and infusions of leaves of strawberries and currants, herbs Polygonum and fruits (berries) blueberries.

Plisov Vladimir, a doctor, a medical columnist

A source: https://okeydoc.ru/mochevaya-kislota-v-krovi-normy-u-zhenshhin-i-muzhchin-prichiny-povysheniya/

Indicators of uric acid in normal blood analysis and the reasons for deviations

Uric acid - a chemical compound resulting from the exchange of purine substances and are composed of our DNA. The analysis of uric acid in the blood indicates the position of the kidneys, liver and metabolism in general.

Analysis of uric acid

The functions of uric acid

We substances in uric acid have two purposes:

1. Enhances adrenalin and noradrenalin, providing activation of brain functioning;
2. Is an antioxidant, it prevents the degeneration of cells.

Norms of uric acid in the blood are unique, as they are transmitted at the genetic level.

However, there is a common border. They have the distinction of gender and age lines. Uric acid in blood rate:

• Male - 130 - 310 mkmoll / liter
• Woman - 160 - 330 mkmoll / liter
• Child - 190 - 410 mkmoll / liter

Excess uric acid the human body naturally removes 70% goes through the kidneys and 30% - with the feces.

Get uric acid in one of three ways:

• The use of purines in foods
• In the decay of cells in an organism (or it occurs in the natural aging process, or during any disease)
• A huge number of cells in our body constitute uric acid

Why do we need an analysis?

Uric acid level can only be determined by a blood test. And to do it is necessary to immediately identify and treat hyperuricemia.

Symptoms of gout

Hyperuricemia - increasing the upper limit of normal uric acid. Often hyperuricemia - a temporary increase of uric acid, this may be due to temporary conditions:

• A large number of physical activities (their sharp rise);
• Girls sitting on a diet, exhaustion by famine;
• Overeating protein products.

What does the reduced level of

Reduced levels of uric acid - a rare event. But to neglect the treatment in this case is not worth it. There are a number of reasons that affect the reduction of substance:

• Elevated excretion of uric acid is excreted through the kidneys;
• Consumption of protein products in small quantity, or their absolute disuse;
• Disorder of uric acid in the liver;
• Increased consumption of alcoholic beverages, which could affect the activity of the kidneys and liver;
• Abnormal liver function that reduces the enzyme producing the substance;
• Reduced levels of uric acid associated with genetics.
• Toxemia, develops during the first three months of pregnancy.

A source: http://perelomu.net/analizy/mochevaya-kislota-v-norme-v-analize-krovi.html

Rate of uric acid in the blood: the rule changes and their causes

Concentration of uric acid in the blood reflects exchange of purine bases. This group of nitrogen-containing compounds that are needed for the formation of DNA and RNA. At their chain cleavage occurs biological reactions resulting in the formation of uric acid. It is normally excreted by the kidneys and intestines.

When the concentration due to increased or decreased excretion Incoming salt (urate) laid in the joints, accelerate the development of atherosclerosis and diabetes, hypertension.

there are also beneficial features this substance - protects cells from damage by free radicals, ie, exhibits antioxidant activity. With a slight increase its level in humans improves memory and learning new information, intelligence.

Indications for study can be: diagnosis of gout, a genetic predisposition to a violation of purine metabolism, control of the treatment of gouty arthritis, metabolic syndrome, renal failure, chemotherapy and irradiation in cancer diseases, a comprehensive assessment of nitrogen excretion by the kidneys, the determination of prognosis of heart disease, the risk of heart attack and stroke, detection causes of neurasthenia.

Symptoms of changes in the level: Persistent pain in the joints or acute attack, especially in the big toe on the foot; Detection seals over the joints of brushes; reduction in urine excretion, flank pain, fever, frequent and painful urination, blood detection in urine, insomnia, irritability, aggressiveness, headaches, dizziness, impaired concentration, nausea.

For the analysis of needs blood from a vein, taken in the morning. 3-4 days before the examination is necessary to adhere to the power limitation of products that contain a lot of purine bases, to give up alcoholic drinks, protein drinks, sports supplements, anabolics. Excluded intense physical exertion.

It is not recommended to pass physiotherapy, X-ray or ultrasound, urology and proctology manipulation. Research for urgent readings may be performed in a few minutes.

The results of the analysis of women and men in the norm

For children up to a year fluctuation values ​​constitute 80-310 micromol / L.

temporary increase It is sports, foods rich in purines, smoking, excessive exposure to the sun, the last months of pregnancy. The most common causes pathological increase of uric acid in the blood is gouty arthritis and salt deposition in the kidneys (Uric acid diathesis).

The reasons for reducing the concentration of: Hepatitis, cirrhosis, fatty liver, the first two trimesters of pregnancy, the introduction radiopaque substances reception Allopurinol Lipanora, Traykora, impaired copper metabolism (results in cirrhosis).

Read more in our article on the uric acid in the blood, causes raising and lowering.

Why pass the test for determination of uric acid

Concentration of uric acid in the blood reflects the exchange of purine bases. This group of nitrogen-containing compounds that are needed for the formation of DNA and RNA. At their chain cleavage occurs biological reactions resulting in the formation of uric acid. It is normally excreted by the kidneys and intestines.

With an increase in its concentration due to increased or decreased excretion Incoming salt (urate) are deposited in the joints, accelerate the development of atherosclerosis and diabetes, arterial hypertension.

At the same time there are the useful properties of this substance. Uric acid protects the cells from damage by free radicals, i.e. exhibits antioxidant activity. With a slight increase in its levels in humans improves memory and learning new information, intelligence.

Indications for the study of uric acid levels may be:

• Diagnosis of gout;
• hereditary predisposition to disruption of purine metabolism;
• control over the treatment of gouty arthritis, metabolic syndrome, renal failure, chemotherapy and irradiation in cancer diseases;
• complex evaluation renal excretion of nitrogen;
• determining prognosis of heart disease, the risk of heart attack and stroke;
• identify the causes of neurasthenia.

The symptoms for which you need to pass a blood test for the content of this substance are:

• persistent pain in the joints or acute onset of pain, especially in the big toe on the foot;
• Detection seals (Fat crystals in the form of nodules) on the joints of the hands and feet, elbows, in the ears, legs, thighs, arms;
• decreased urine excretion - edema, sudden increase of body weight;
• flank pain, fever, frequent and painful urination, blood detection in urine;
• insomnia, irritability, aggressiveness, headaches, dizziness, impaired concentration, nausea.

Recommended read the article about the acidity of the blood. From it you will learn about the blood pH and its definition, a device for measuring, the causes of high and low rates.

And here is more in glucose tolerance.

How to prepare for the

For the analysis of needs blood from a vein, taken in the morning. 3-4 days before the examination the patient must adhere to the power Narrow, Which contains a lot of purine bases. These include:

• all products (especially liver, kidney);
• meat, fish broth;
• spinach, sorrel;
• cocoa, chocolate;
• coffee and strong tea;
• beans;
• asparagus, brussels sprouts.

It is also important to give up alcoholic drinks, protein drinks, sports supplements, anabolic steroids. The intense physical stress is excluded during days before analysis. The last meal is carried out on later than 10 hours before the visit to the lab. Immediately prior to diagnosis (at least 30 minutes) you can not smoke, required to comply with the emotional and motor rest.

It is not recommended to analyze blood uric acid pass physiotherapeutic procedures, X-ray or ultrasound of the abdomen, and urological proctologic manipulation.

The analysis results in women and men

Research for urgent readings may be performed in a few minutes. When a planned issue of patient examination on the date of analysis.

Norm

Physiological parameters of uric acid depends on the age and sex of the subject. Marked regularity - in people with blood group 3 marked a little higher level, which is regarded as a normal variant.

Normal blood uric acid

For children up to year fluctuations in value is 80-310 mmol / l.

increased

A slight increase is associated with sports or physical stress. In such cases, hard to produce testosterone. This hormone promotes muscle growth and this delays the phosphorus and nitrogen bases, and hence the formation of nucleic acids. Also cause a temporary increase in:

• foods rich in purines;
• smoking;
• excessive exposure to the sun;
• the last months of pregnancy.

The most frequent causes pathological increase uric acid blood is gouty arthritis and salt deposition in the kidneys (uric acid diathesis). These diseases result in:

• excess meat products in the diet;
• increased formation of proteins under the influence hormonal disorders or use of anabolic agents;
• violation uricosuric excreted (polycystic kidney disease, pyelonephritis, urolithiasis);
• malignancies, leukemia, chemotherapy and radiotherapy (an accelerated decay of the tissues and nucleotides delay for the formation of new proteins);
• excess insulin in pancreatic tumors;
• relative increase insulin due to it low reaction cells (insulin resistance) with type 2 diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome;
• prolonged use of aspirin, thiazide diuretics, hormones, and antitumor agents;
• Down's syndrome, Marfan syndrome;
• congenital metabolic disorders (fermentopathy);
• arterial hypertension;
• hemolytic anemia;
• heart failure;
• poisoning by lead salts.

Look at the video of uric acid in normal

less than normal

Reducing uric acid concentration occurs in such states:

• hepatitis - viral, toxic, alcoholic;
• cirrhosis, fatty liver;
• the first two trimesters of pregnancy (due to increased blood volume and enhanced filtration of urine by the kidneys);
• introduction of radiopaque substances;
• receiving Allopurinol Lipanora, Traykora;
• violation copper exchange (leading to cirrhosis of the liver).

How to return to normal in gout

Patients with elevated uric acid content is important to first change the power. From diet to exclude Navara (meat and fish), meat products, red meat, alcohol, sardines, herring. limit:

• common salt;
• mushrooms, beans;
• radishes, eggplant and cabbage, tomatoes;
• preserves and pickles.

Calorie diet also should be monitored, as the basis of the diet is carbohydrate foods. In very small quantities are allowed to lean fish, eggs, poultry meat. Drinking regime should be increased to 3 liters. It is important to normal drinking water, fruit and berry juices, and tea, cocoa and coffee are banned.

To uric acid began to dissolve and excreted from the body need to reduce its level of two times below normal. For this prescribed medicines, which is output from the body urate (Probenecid) and inhibit their formation (allopurinol).

Prevention of changes in blood uric acid

With a slight increase in uric acid and prophylactic It recommends the use of herbs, salts that increase the excretion of the organism.

These include birch buds, bilberry leaf, bearberry.

Avoid excessive physical exertion, but regularly engage in physiotherapy and walking distance to the revitalization of the kidneys and the acceleration of metabolic processes in the body.

Recommended read the article about the level of hemoglobin in the blood. From it you will learn about the function of hemoglobin, the indications for delivery of the analysis, normally in both men and women, the causes of high and low indices of treatment.

And here is more about a blood test for Revmoproby.

Uric acid in blood - an indicator of metabolism of proteins, in particular purine bases. A blood test for the level can be assigned as independent study, but most of it is included in the renal complex.

Increasing the concentration is at a gout, urate diathesis, impaired renal work and is regarded as a risk factor for heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus. For the correction of violations need to adjust the power and the water regime.

A source: http://CardioBook.ru/mochevaya-kislota-v-krovi-norma/

Uric acid in men: the rate, elevation and increase performance

Laboratory diagnosis of blood, urine and other biological substrates is an important link in the chain accurate determination of physiological state of the organism and timely diagnosis of possible diseases. One of the markers of protein metabolism condition in men, and its violation is uric acid and its parameters in the blood serum concentration.

Blood test: indications and recommendations

Establishing the concentration of urea should:

• Urolithiasis
• To assess kidney function
• To confirm or exclude gout
• In diseases of the lymphatic system.

The level of uric acid in the blood of men is determined by a biochemical study of its serum. For the results of laboratory diagnosis and the resulting values ​​were the most accurate and reliable, you must meet certain requirements before blood sampling:

1. Refrain from eating food for 6-8 hours before taking the tests. Allowed only drink water. The ideal time for the procedure - morning.
2. Over the two days prior to the study of the daily menu should be excluded fatty, fried, spicy, smoked food and alcoholic beverages.
3. One day before the procedure to limit their consumption of coffee, tea and fish. Exclude from the menu dishes of meat, offal and beans due to the high content of purines, which can distort the results of the analyzes.
4. To conduct research prior to treatment or after 2 weeks after its completion. When an urgent need for analysis during reception pharmaceuticals must specify their name and dosage.
5. Undesirable blood sampling after passing through the X-ray studies, x-rays, ultrasound and physiotherapy, which may affect the reliability of the analysis of indicators.

Uric acid is determined by analysis of the blood, namely, its concentration in the blood serum.

Norm uric acid content in the blood of men at age 60 varies from 250 to 450 pmol / l. Men who turned 60 years of age, this norm is 250-480 mmol / l.

According to other sources, the rate of uric acid in blood serum of men ranges between 0.15 - 0.35 mmol / l.

Abnormalities may be either upward or downward of uric acid in the body.

The causes of variances

A condition in which there is an increase of uric acid in the blood serum of men, called hyperuricemia. This phenomenon may be primary and secondary.

Primary hyperuricaemia develops mainly due to congenital disorders of enzymatic degradation of purines, which leads to increased formation of uric acid in the body.

Secondary hyperuricaemia occurs against various acquired diseases, metabolic disorders, and also due excessive intake of foods rich in purines that outwardly manifested by increased excretion of uric acid in the urine.

Table 1. The causes of primary and secondary hyperuricemia

primary hyperuricemia	secondary hyperuricemia
Gout Lesch-Nyhan syndrome Kelly syndrome Sigmillera Genetically synthesis due to increased activity fosforibozilpirofosfata (PRPP)	Psoriasis Hemolytic anemia type Acute and chronic renal failure Intoxication lead compounds Oncological diseases of the blood and bone marrow syndrome mieloproliferatsii Moved chemotherapy Drinking alcohol in excessive amounts Depletion due to insufficient, unbalanced diet or a violation of his regime Abuse of food rich in proteins

Normal levels of uric acid is increased by the reception of such pharmaceutical preparations as aspirin, theophylline, levodopa, methyldopa, caffeine, diuretics, vitamin B3, vitamin C.

Lowering of uric acid in the blood serum, called hypouricemia observed in the following cases:

• Congenital deficiency purine-nukleofosforilazy
• congenital xanthinuria
• allopurinol treatment, inhibiting the formation of purines
• Diabetes
• burn disease
• cancers
• AIDS

Uric acid is lowered in the treatment of corticosteroids, estrogens, allopurinol, warfarin, mannitol, clofibrate, azathioprine.

How to fix the problem

Normalize the concentration of uric acid in the blood is not difficult, but important integrated approach and the transition to a balanced diet.

Uric acid, its rate and extent of deviation from it are an important diagnostic criterion if hyper- and hypouricemia men.

If the result of the analysis, it was found that the rate of uric acid is increased, it is necessary to take daily urine for further study. This will allow to choose the optimal method of treatment:

• The use of drugs that enhance renal excretion, whereby uric acid excreted from the body is achieved and the rate of its concentration;
• Receiving allopurinol, resulting in a decrease in intensity of formation of purine and uric acid is produced in smaller quantities.

The main therapeutic measures in excess of urea norm for men is the transition to a balanced diet and the selection of individual diets, which regulate the disturbed metabolism.

Excluded from the diet foods, which promote the formation of uric acid. It's all fatty meat products, smoked meat products, canned food, pickles, alcohol, chocolate, coffee, tea, carbonated drinks. Instead, the daily menu include lean poultry, dairy products, eggs (in limited quantities), vegetable oil, fruit, vegetables, juices, compotes.

Violation of drinking regime can cause illness.

To accelerate the removal of urea in the urine is shown the use of large quantities of liquid - to 2-3 liters of potable water, juice, compote, fruit drinks.

In the absence of the desired effect of a diet administered drugs that reduce the level of urea in the body (allopurinol), agents that prevent complications (colchicine), diuretics. Dosage and duration of reception established physician.

Besides the treatment of pharmaceuticals, we recommend taking decoctions of the leaves currants, cranberries, birch buds, nettle herb Polygonum.

The treatment should take place under medical supervision required with regular blood and urine tests to monitor the concentration of urea in them.

A source: http://EgoSila.ru/urologija/mochevaya-kislota-u-muzhchin

The norm of uric acid in the blood test for men

Uric acid - this is an extreme product of the collapse of purines - substances found in almost all foods, as well as human cells. Purines are part of the genetic structure of humans, animals and plants. The greatest number of these substances in the protein foods (meat, fish, seafood), and yeast.

Purines are involved in the synthesis of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid), coenzymes and ATP (adenosine triphosphate), however necessary man.

As a result, cell death containing purines, is the destruction of these substances. The decay process involved an enzyme which is liver cells and intestinal mucosa - xanthine. It is, by chemical reaction, converts purines to uric acid.

Uric acid, though is the final metabolic product, very necessary to the body. It binds the cells are protected from the acid radicals, acting as an antioxidant. Provided that when uric acid is present in the body in the normal amount, it protects the human blood vessels.

The uric acid excretion from the organism involved kidney (75-80%) and gastrointestinal tract (GI tract), which neutralizes the balance, with the help of intestinal bacteria that consume the given acid.

Uric acid is poorly soluble in water, and the human body is made up of 60% water, thereby causing a reaction. Uric acid is reacted with sodium (90%) or potassium (10%), forming salts - urates. Salts may precipitate out - and this is a risk, which leads to diseases.

Analysis for the detection of uric acid number

The amount of uric acid were determined by biochemical analysis of blood or urine sample, it contained in sweat, but its level in the liquid is very small, it does not provide the possibility to carry out analysis.

Uric acid in urine is called urikozurii and blood - lithemia. Often research is being conducted on the basis of blood sampling. Prefixes hyper or hypo, before the name of the analysis result indicates, respectively, increased and reduced acid content.

How to reduce the urea in the blood can be found here.

Such a study may be assigned to the overall assessment of health status, e.g., clinical examination of the passage, and in the presence of certain diseases and related symptoms.

blood biochemistry is prescribed for the following illnesses:

• Gout, when the existence of the clinical picture, for the reliability of the diagnosis;
• Urinary system, in particular kidney, to evaluate the functioning;
• The presence of stones in the urinary system;
• Diseases of the lymphatic system.

To improve the accuracy and quality of diagnosis should be prepared for analysis:

1. the last meal should be 6-8 hours before analysis. Allowed to drink water;
2. on the eve of the analysis must adhere to diet: eliminate fatty, fried, salty, spicy, smoked, as well as alcoholic beverages;
3. for 1-2 days completely eliminated foods rich in purines (meat and meat by-products, beans), and limited reception tea, coffee and fish products.
4. it is not recommended to come to the analysis after other diagnostic procedures (ultrasound, x-ray, fluoroscopy) and physiotherapy procedures.
5. Blood analysis has to be taken before or after the treatment (after 14 days). If absolutely necessary a study in patients receiving medicines held showing all medications and dosages.

These simple preparatory measures will help to display the most accurate picture of the study.

To analyze the venous blood sampling is performed. The results are now, on average, during the day. The amount of uric acid is considered to mikromollyah blood per liter (mmol / l).

Metabolism in adults and children as well as men and women are different, and, accordingly, the process of excretion of uric acid will be different. Therefore, performance standards have been allocated to the individual groups differ by gender and age.

Normal levels of uric acid:

• children under 15: 120-340 mmol / l;
• women:
  • to 60: 200-340 mmol / l;
  • over 60 years: 210-420 mmol / l;
• men:
  • to 60: 250-420 mmol / l;
  • over 60 years: 250-480 mmol / l.

It is important to know that each laboratory has its own equipment and reagents, and therefore the rules of the various research centers may vary. As a rule, in the form of analysis, there is a graph with a referent, ie normal performance.

Some experts argue that the quantitative characteristic of uric acid in the blood should not be less than 150 mol / l and not more than 350 mmol / lWithout taking into account the age and sex of the person.

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hyperuricemia

This name has a state of pathological character, which implies an increased amount of uric acid in human body. hyperuricemia - this is the reason, which increases the risk of gout (disease associated with metabolism, in which urate accumulated in the joints).

Hyperuricemia occurs quite frequently in adults, less for children. Increasing the number of instances of elevated uric acid is associated with environmental present. This disease is due to the fact that uric acid is formed in the body too quickly.

This situation is caused by the following factors:

• purine involved in metabolism;
• kidney malfunction;
• an increased presence of fructose in the diet.

The causes of the disease

The main causes of hyperuricemia are:

• excessive consumption of foods high in purines;
• excessive consumption of fatty, fried, high-calorie foods, including fast food;
• excessive use of alcohol;
• uncontrolled intake of certain medications;
• long strict diet or prolonged refusal to eat. Fasting organism feels the lack of nutrients and begins to process the muscle mass. Thus, purines appear in the blood, increasing the concentration of uric acid in the analysis;
• oncological diseases;
• diseases that have a negative impact on the work of the kidneys;
• endocrine system disease, in particular diabetes mellitus;
• atherosclerosis (disease of blood vessels);
• hypertension (a disease in which elevated blood pressure is observed);
• some blood diseases.

In addition to the reasons that encourage the development of such a condition, hyperuricemia can be co-morbidity of other diseases:

• anemia (lack of iron in the body);
• strong morning sickness during pregnancy;
• alcohol poisoning;
• eczema, psoriasis, zoster flake, urticaria;
• acute phase of infectious disease;
• change in the acid-base balance.

types of hyperuricemia

In order to choose the right tactics treatment of the disease, it is necessary to know the type of hyperuricemia, which is:

• metabolic. Elevated levels of uric acid is observed not only in the blood but also in the urine;
• renal. It characterized by impaired excretion of uric acid;
• mixed. The combination of metabolic and renal, set against the backdrop of uraturia (urolithiasis).

In addition, the disease is divided according to the forms:

• congenital;
• acquired, that is secondary. It is this form is the most common.

The symptoms of hyperuricemia

Very often, the disease has no symptoms, especially in adults, so its diagnosis difficult. It is extremely important to periodically undergo medical examinations to detect the disease in time, without waiting for the symptoms of other illnesses that were caused by the root cause. In this case complications are pyelonephritis and urolithiasis.

It is believed that hyperuricemia leads to a decrease in the body's defenses.

Symptoms characteristic of the disease:

• tenderness of the joints and muscles;
• tics;
• frequent urge at night to urinate;
• a change in the bile ducts;
• general intoxication;
• abnormal reaction to bright light, loud noise, pungent smell.

The children also found:

• constipation;
• abnormal weight gain;
• excessive sweating.

treatment of the disease

Treatment for hyperuricemia is reception of drugs which affect the production of uric acid, but also with diet. Diet in this disease eliminates all fatty, grilled, smoked, and alcoholic beverages, the exception may be a small amount of dry wine.

In addition, it is prohibited to use:

• mushrooms;
• cheese varieties;
• chocolate;
• cocoa;
• beans, peas, beans, and so on;
• cauliflower;
• spinach, radishes.

Useful once a week to arrange a fasting day.

hypouricemia

The deviation in the quantitative content of uric acid from the norm in smaller party in itself does not carry the danger, however, hypouricemia may be a consequence of an illness, so it is very important to establish the cause of the reduction of this acid blood.

The causes of the disease

Factors that lead to a reduction of uric acid can be either congenital or acquired on the background of life's circumstances.

These include:

• hereditary pathology, in which the body is no enzyme that breaks down purines - xanthine oxidase. In this case, the uric acid is not formed, and outputting an intermediate Kidney - xanthine. It purine base excreted partially settling in the kidney and skeletal muscles.
• hereditary pathologies in which there is a shortage be purine nucleoside phosphorylase - in this disease is not purine bases are formed.
• renal disease based on gene mutations;
• increasing the fluid volume in the body, due to an excessively abundant or intravenously infused drink preparations;
• cancer;
• irregularities in the digestive tract;
• HIV;
• malnutrition, which excludes the use of purines;
• early stages of pregnancy, due to an increase in blood volume, and others;
• excessive consumption of beverages that have diuretic effect;
• taking medication and others.

symptoms hypouricemia

Signs of reducing the amount of uric acid in the blood can be:

• violation of the sensitivity of the skin;
• reduced vision, hearing impairment;
• extreme changes in mood;
• decreased performance;

And it is also possible the development of paralysis, multiple sclerosis, and so on. Any disease is easier to prevent than to cure.

treatment of the disease

In the case where hypouricemia is the result of another disease, it is necessary to treat it. The purpose of the therapy on the basis of analyzes and inspections, should be engaged in only by the doctor. If the reason for the decrease of uric acid in the blood is not classified as a dangerous pathology, it is possible to increase it by a normalization of the use of protein.

It is important to know that every day a person must consume a certain number of grams of protein per kilogram of body weight:

• Women: 1 g per 1 kg of body weight;
• for men: 1.5-2.5 g per 1 kg of weight;
• Children: not less than 1.5 g per kg body weight.

Eat well, take care of yourself and stay healthy!

A source: http://kakbog.com/bolezni/drugie/norma-mochevoy-kisloti.html