What you need to know about hypospadias capitate form?

Getting rid of congenital external genitalia - capitate hypospadias

Among the malformations of the urethra in the male births occur most often observed such a defect is hypospadias. Doctors have identified a number of types of pathology, a closer look at one of them.

So, what is capitatum hypospadias, for whatever reasons, it appears and what symptoms have?

It begins the formation of defect in the first trimester of pregnancy. The urethra is formed approximately 10-14 week fetal development. In the case where the urethral opening is shifted down or in the scrotum or perineum, it is about hypospadias. As a rule, identify anomalies in the hospital, so in the near future, take steps to remedy the defect.

The main symptoms include blemish:

• urethral opening displacement;
• curvature of the penis;
• dysplasia of the foreskin, which is hanging in the form of folds on top of the penis, recalling a kind of hood.

Capitatum hypospadias meets almost all the listed attributes. Urethral opening is located closer to venochnoy furrow present splitting of the foreskin, but the form is not curved penis. Sometimes the defect accompanied by a narrowing meatus, resulting in a weak stream of urine.

Capitatum form is about 70% of all diagnosed cases of vice.

We can say that this type of pathology is the most insignificant as a small shift opening of the urethra to venochnoy furrow does not prevent the normal outflow of urine and causes a child discomfort.

Therefore, treatment in most cases is not required, and is carried out mainly at the request of parents who are trying to prevent further psychological zakompleksovannosti child.

The exact cause of defect has not yet been identified.

However, some impact on the development of the baby in the womb can have the following factors:

• adverse environmental conditions;
• presence disruptors in food;
• hormone therapy, including contraceptive;
• gene mutations;
• ECO;
• heredity.

Often abnormality is detected simultaneously with diseases such as hydronephrosis, cryptorchidism, hernia in the groin area, urogenital sinus. Therefore, in preparation for the surgical treatment of children checked for other problems of the urinary organs.

The only method of correcting malformation and shape of the penis - surgery. It is believed that the optimal age to correct the defect in children - 6-18 months. Children in this age suffer surgical treatment and rehabilitation period much easier. In addition, they have no memories of traumatic surgery.

Surgery is reconstructive.

Surgeons work aimed at solving 4 problems:

• It should be corrected body shape. To do this, you must eliminate the curvature of cavities in the trunk of a member;
• We need to create the missing urethra so that there was no stenosis, fistulas, hair follicles. At the same time as the child grows surgeons hands formed the department also needs to grow;
• It urethral opening arranged strictly on top of the head to achieve direct jet during urination;
• To the adult men who underwent surgery in early childhood, did not have the psychological discomfort, you need to eliminate as much as possible cosmetic defect.

It should be noted that this form of disease is eliminated in a single operation, with a positive result is obtained in 95% of cases. Nevertheless, operation on the penis with the capitate type of pathology is not recommended, as the penis is not twisted, and a slight displacement of the opening of the urethra is not significant Problems.

Therefore, in the event of their parents' decision to conduct surgery, surgeons excised foreskin fold, but do not touch the opening of the urethra, because the risk of complications exceeds the benefit of surgery.

The operation takes a short time after the urine flow will be carried out for some time with a catheter. The drainage tube is securely hidden in diapers, so the baby can not touch her. Being in the hospital is usually 2-3 days, after which the child goes home and watching it performed on an outpatient basis.

During operation, usually used combined anesthesia - general anesthesia with a local anesthetic. In this case, analgesia lasts from 4 to 9 hours.

Doctors' recommendations, if found hypospadias

1. Primary defect correction is best done in the age of the child from six months to one and a half, at least up to 2 years.
2. Do not be afraid of surgery, underwent surgery the children do not lose in the future erectile function.
3. Before resorting to surgical treatment, make sure that the pathology is not associated with impaired formation of the floor.
4. After surgery, the child monitoring should continue until the age of puberty.

Since unknown reason the developing hypospadias, prevention does not exist.

But you can reduce the risk of defect, if we consider risk factors.

1. In vitro fertilization using female hormones, which may adversely affect the formation of the urogenital system of male child.
2. defect increases the risk of the use of hormonal contraceptives, so you should stop taking them for a year with the planned conception.
3. It increases the risk of hormone therapy. If possible, an expectant mother is also desirable to abandon the use of these pharmacological agents.
4. It should be attentive to their health and does not go to crowded places. A similar picture can be obtained, a refresher flu severe during gestation baby.
5. It is worth remembering that in the presence of disease in the family, the risk of having a baby with hypospadias is greatly increased.
6. During pregnancy it is necessary to limit the use of cosmetic preparations, in particular hairsprays, in which there is a phthalate.

Even if the boy was born with such a defect is hypospadias, one should not indulge in dejection. The level of modern plastic surgery is so high that to correct the defect does not require a tremendous effort.

In most cases, doctors cope with the tasks assigned to them and, growing up, the boy does not experience any psychological or physical discomfort.

A source: https://muzhiiik.ru/zabolevaniya/drugie/golovchataya-gipospadiya

Capitatum hypospadias: pathological form of the penis and urethra - All About Health

Pathology of urogenital organs is not new, but it is increasing every year. What could be the problem? Most likely, in the environmental, food impregnated with chemicals and other innovations of mankind.

But all would have sounded not so sad if it were not suffering children. Hypospadias in males carrying the disease is not fatal. But this much damage to the system and the life of the child. The pathological process can only be congenital. Treatment of one - surgical method.

Diagnosis and operation only pediatric urology.

Hypospadias of the penis - the pathology associated with the anatomical structure. In adult men, such deformation occurs for other reasons. But self-diagnosed. Accordingly, the urethra that is curved and may be in different parts of the penis.

When normal organ development hole located in the middle of top, it may be even a rogue in the development of the pathological process. If earlier, about 20 years ago, indicators gave only 0.3% with this kind of disease, it is 0.5% today.

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There are several kinds, and develops not only boys but also girls. To understand why there is a disease causes little. Need to consider in more detail all the forms of development options and the consequences of post-treatment measures.

Experts around the world are trying hard to uncover the causes of this phenomenon. But one hundred percent no evidence. Therefore, we look at the assumptions appearance defect to somehow understand the process of formation.

The very first factor in all the pathologies referred to a genetic predisposition. It is possible that this has been in the family of a mother or a child of the Pope. Not necessarily it will be grandparent, who knows.

This disease remains at the genetic level for over 1000 years.

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There are a number of factors, which are confirmed by the laboratory:

factor	explanation
The use of hormones	Not necessarily, that the woman drank during pregnancy hormones. Enough before fertilization drink them for 9 months. Nowadays, female diligently protected in this way. But not all drugs will act as
mutation	At the genetic level has failed. There has been a violation of the hereditary nature of the information which led to the mutation
The healing process during pregnancy	Any disease during pregnancy requires treatment. It is not always drugs which are appointed by the woman, sparing related to the fetus. This is especially true of drugs that are taken to maintain pregnancy at all life, not just in the first trimester
Methods of fertilization	Any type of hypospadias is able to occur in a child conceived using unconventional methods. These include IVF and in vitro method
Hormonal failure and improper diet	Hypospadias in boys and operation due to this problem is caused by a hormonal failure at 10-12 weeks in pregnancy. Provocateurs are not only medicines or the future mother of the disease, but also food (products with the presence of high doses of pesticides or herbicides). Negatively affects the chronic diseases of the genitourinary system both parents

Important! ICD-10-Q54 just such a diagnosis is made initially in the maternity ward doctor after careful examination of the child within days after birth. This code, which will appear in the card of the newborn. Treatment is carried out immediately. Since the outflow of urine is disturbed and delivers pain infant.

Diagnosis of the disease is not complicated. All the pathological process is visible to the naked eye. Checking if the foreskin and the presence of the correct location of the holes. The irregular shape of the hollow body is rare. But as undescended testes, there is a lot more hits than the problems of the outflow of urine and distortions.

Underdeveloped flesh - the first sign of hypospadias capitate form. There is another option when a child constantly crying, but the foreskin in order. Then the doctors are browsing full member from the head to the testicles. The only way to detect abnormal development and start providing child care.

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Abnormality of the urethra

In girls, this abnormal process occurs too. But rarely. It found it quickly enough as the urethra is not outside, but inside the vagina. The same symptoms as that of boys. There is also a slight difference - the jet is much wider than it should be.

Seven forms of the disease. Determine their necessarily need to know what steps should be taken:

Hypospadias without hypospadias

The form is different from other types of its manifestations and features. When hypospadias without hypospadias the urethral opening in its place, but it has a truncated shape and underdeveloped.

It can also be seen on a curved penis because embryonic scarring. It is they who give the distortion and deformation. If you do not correct this situation, together with the child grows and pathology.

Especially the structure changes substantially during adolescence, when there puberty and erection.

The crown and okolovenenaya form

Two types of deformation are different from each other. Where there okolovenechnoy problem is that the hole goes into the neck of a member of the district, then the coronal hypospadias - where the coronal sulcus region. In this form there is everything at once:

• poor outflow of urine;
• Difficulty optionally urinate;
• the penis is curved;
• curved jet and the liquid is always on the floor or legs.

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forms of the disease

The crotch and capitatum

One of the most dangerous forms. The structure of the penis greatly modified since the opening is reminiscent of the exit for the urine, and this funnel. Warping is very strong, and the body is reduced and twisted.

But the most common treatment for hypoxia occurs exactly capitatum. Curvature usually is not observed, and the hole at the bottom of the upper segment.

proximal form

One of the unpleasant forms, but not really dangerous. The penis is very small in size and often resembles the shape of the clitoris. the outflow of urine takes place through the urethral channel, which is located in the scrotal area. Drain the urine out, if a seat.

distal

Or distal stem hypospadias is characterized by the curvature of the penis structure. Hole located at the bottom of the segment. In this case, urethral stricture, and pain during urination while greatly disturbing the baby. Go to the toilet is difficult, because the jet out of the way.

Since the coronal hypospadias shape and characterized stem curvature, but strong, and the surgery will be much easier. You can not say about the scrotal or proximal form. It should be noted that in any form of the disease is prescribed only way to fix a surgical pathology.

No medication or treatment of folk remedies can help not. If parents refuse to help doctors for whatever reason, then they run the risk of condemning her baby on the painful process of emptying the bladder.

But to get all this inferiority complex and fear of women. Negative point tightening operation, and that mental disorders occur.

Surgeons aim is to correct the penis and recreating normal urethral canal. Methods known since the 18th century. At the current stage of development of medicine uses a little less than two hundred surgical methods of penis straightening. It comprises the steps of:

• the conduct of all investigations (analyzes of hormones and ultrasound study of the kidneys);
• the penis is straightened. Form the correct shape;
• correcting the urethral channel;
• return holes for the flow of urine to put him a place, namely, the head (middle);
• restoration of the flesh. Perhaps a full circumcision.

The aim is to correct surgical penis

Work surgeons lasts not more than fifteen hours. In severe forms, it can reach three hours, but this is rare. Number of operations: only one. The entire correction occurs at a time. Very rarely need the gradual intervention. But if the deformation is to take the original appearance of the scrotal form when a member reminds underdeveloped vagina.

Most often conduct such intervention not before the child reaches three months. It is advisable not to delay up to a year. So the kid better undergo surgery, and parents will bring less trouble due to a problem with the outflow of urine.

Naturally, such actions do have consequences. And for some time the baby will feel pain. To facilitate the process of outflow of urine drainage and inserted a catheter to pee went into the diaper. At the same time it held and therapy using antibacterial drugs, and antispasmodics.

Why urethral canal restoration and correction of the body is recommended to spend up to a year? Just because condemn child on long-term suffering is not necessary, and therapy with children in this age operation is transferred much better than adults.

A positive aspect is the fact that in three months the children will not be able to scratch the damaged area, and therefore does not carry infection sposbny. Practice shows that only 5% of the operated require additional procedures to correct the body.

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A source: http://vse-ozdorovie.ru/golovchataya-gipospadiya-forma-patologii-penisa-i-uretry.html

Capitatum hypospadias: treatment operation

One of the congenital abnormalities in the male urogenital structure is hypospadias - location urethra orifice is not the top of the head body and the penis at a portion in the scrotum or zone perineum.

With such a pathology according to statistics appears every three hundredth male child, the disease provokes development of difficult urination, further leads to deformation of the member, a variety of disorders in sexual system. This disease has several variants, due to the location of the urethra opening. Capitatum hypospadias recognized experts one of these varieties of this disease.

The causes of disease

Capitatum hypospadias is considered to be a fairly common view of this anomaly. In boys, the violation is expressed in the location of the urethral opening - not on top of the head of the penis, it is shifted slightly towards the bottom, as in the photo. In this situation, there is a slight deformation of the body, a person is forced to urinate standing up, but the release of urine from the channel is thin streams.

Hypospadias capitatum are able to form in the fetus when creating the urethra (10-14 weeks gestation). Among the causes that provoke the development of this anomaly, experts identify the following factors:

• The use of in vitro fertilization (IVF) - Women in pregnancy must be prescribed by a doctor to use certain medications containing female hormones, they have an adverse impact on the formation, the continued existence of the male sex structure;
• Excessive intake of hormonal means - in a situation where a woman a long period of time before pregnancy (more than 1 year) used for the prevention of hormone drugs, can have the probability of this planned baby anomalies. Usually hormonal medicines pregnant patients are taking prescription of the physician, when there is the likelihood of a risk of miscarriage. Then the specialist prescribes hormone therapy, she was able to bear fruit before the deadline, although it does not guarantee the appearance of the baby without this pathology;
• Hereditary predisposition - capitatum hypospadias may occur in boys, that the violation has been revealed to his father, grandfather, etc .;
• The diet of women during pregnancy - today food abound various negative elements in its composition, such as disruptors (pesticides) that can cause changes in hormonal background in the fetus, changing its development, the creation of gender structure;
• Negative environmental conditions - leads to various anomalies in infants;
• Consequences of diseases that occur in the period of gestation - rubella, complicated forms of influenza can disrupt the formation of the reproductive system.

The manifestations of this anomaly can trigger genetic mutations of the fetus.

Experts have noted a situation where the cause of the pathology of the child was the use of a woman the entire period of pregnancy, certain hair spray, available in the phthalate - a chemical harmful substance.

Therefore, during the entire period of pregnancy, women should as a preventive action against the formation of the fetus various anomalies used in foods without the negative chemicals, to refrain from the use of harmful cosmetics substances.

Diagnosing disorders

Hypospadias capitate form recognized anomaly requiring mandatory treatment process, but for this we must first diagnose the pathology.

Immediately after the birth of his examination the doctor carries out, he turns his attention to the structure of reproductive system of the baby, the appearance of the penis, on the implementation of the infant physiological needs.

Scrotal, perineal hypospadias already noticeable when going-over, often in such a situation difficult determined sex of the child - the penis is in an undeveloped state, newborn boy confused with a girl.

Parents can go to a consultation with experts from the one-year old baby or are already above that age, explaining the situation, he carries their physiological needs in a sitting position, not standing, it is also a testimony of the presence of a child scrotal anomalies.

However hypospadias capitatum is not so much expressed as the rest of species of this anomaly, so doctors conducting additional research:

• Urofluometriya;
• Ultrasonography of the reproductive system;
• Ultrasound of the bladder, kidney - together with the disorder may develop other pathologies (hydronephrosis, inguinal hernia, urogenitelny sine).

Additional options for the study are able to form an overall picture of the disease, on the basis of her doctor has already prescribe specific medication.

Upon detection of the patient's other violations, in addition to hypospadias, first performed their elimination, for example, the correction of urinary tract in the development of hydronephrosis, and only after the adoption of measures of medical specialists to start the healing process of the pathology.

Process for treating a disease

Operation hypospadias - needed or not? Capitatum variety of diseases considered to be its simple form, some doctors believe that you can do without a surgical method.

Indeed, the operation is not necessary if the patient has a slight deformation of the body.

When the clinical picture, when the penis is markedly curved, narrowed opening of the urethra, surgical technique required to remedy the breach.

Hypospadias surgery will:

• Straighten the cavernous body member;
• On the right place is an opening of the urethra, contributing to the normalization process previously difficult urination;
• Will establish a full-fledged development of the sexual organs of the structure.

Many parents are interested in the question - When is it best to carry out this operation? Specialists mention the perfect time to eliminate the disease by surgery, the age at which a child from 6 to 24 months.

In this age segment of the baby will not remember the operation, no further negative effects on his psyche. The earlier the doctor will perform surgery and remove the violation, the greater will be the likelihood of a cure.

If left untreated in children age period in the future, a representative of the male will be a serious problem - on the background deterioration occurring voiding, deformations arise penis inferiority complex directly affecting sexual sphere. Due to the presence of this anomaly man is not capable of fertilizing a woman.

It is recommended to eliminate the pathology in the early stages of its development, one-step operation is performed under general anesthesia, qualified to hold surgery, freeing the child from this sexual violations.

In the postoperative period the patient will need to use a catheter (before 5 days), and the doctor will prescribe a course of antibiotic therapy.

Due to the operation to normal functional sex structure, and the boy in the future will become a full-fledged healthy representative of a strong half of mankind.

A source: http://MuzhDoc.ru/andrologiya/anomalii/golovchataya-gipospadiya

Hypospadias - Types and Treatment

The content of the article

Hypospadias in boys is a frequent congenital defect in the structure of the genitourinary system, associated with the anomaly meatus. It is observed in three babies per 1 000 live births. In girls, these abnormalities are rare.

Prostate disease accompanied curvature member, disturbance of process voiding, irritation of the skin of the perineum biological fluid.

Patients feel psychological discomfort and celebrate sexual dysfunction. The opening is displaced, whereby the head of the penis acquires a specific appearance. The foreskin covers only half of the phallus, forming a "hood".

In some cases, there is an unusual arrangement of skin and muscle formation.

The causes of the disease

The exact pathology predisposing factors, is not yet established. Experts believe that it might cause reasons described below.

• Mutation of the gene character.
• Heredity.
• Carrying hormone therapy during gestation.
• Hormonal disorders in women in the third month of pregnancy (at this time there is a formation of the urogenital system of the fetus).
• Application of hormonal contraception for a year before conception.
• IVF (in most cases, the pregnancy was complicated).
• Effect of ecology.
• The use of the mother during pregnancy foods high in herbicides and pesticides. These substances have a negative effect on the hormones baby.
• Smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages mother.

The disease is almost always accompanied by a defect in the corpora cavernosa. The intensity of the deviation determined during erection or during surgical treatment after the test "an artificial erection."

When hypospadias the child channel of the urinary system does not open at the top of the penis, it has a proximal displacement. From its location distinguish several kinds of disease, which we discuss below.

disease species

• The crown. The end of the urethra is localized to the coronal sulcus. For this disease characterized by disturbances of the process emptying of the bladder, as well as the change in body shape. When you visit the toilet in patients discharged liquid biologically often gets on his feet. The foreskin covers the head only half.
• Stem. The end section of the urinary tract is on the bottom of the dildo. In this case, strongly curved body and underdeveloped. In some cases, the scrotum and the member may be one. Patients experiencing problems with the toilet: the flow of urine is directed downward, the attempt to urinate standing is not possible. Pathology causes a curvature of reproductive organs. For urination baby is necessary to delay the penis to his stomach.
• Capitatum. This type is considered to be one of the light-weight and is found in 75% of all cases. When capitate forms of hypospadias, a shift output channel of the urethra down. With regard to the foreskin, it is underdeveloped structure. Discomfort during illness occurs due to the pressure exerted on the narrowed urethra. In rare cases, an obstetrician-gynecologist in this form of difficulties arise with the definition of the floor baby, as a member of a very small size, and adheres to the scrotum.
• The crotch. The hole expanded and stored in the back of the testicles close to the anal. Sex of these patients is determined by means of special genetic tests.
• Moshonchataya. The external urethral outlet revealed only between the parts of the split musculocutaneous education. When illness dildo has a small size, and in severe cases, it looks similar to the enlargement of the clitoris. The act of urination, patients can perform only in the sitting posture. Split body is externally similar to the female genitalia.
• Hypospadias without hypospadias or horopodobnaya. Meat is shortened or underdeveloped. Urethral opening is located in the usual place, but the external organs of the reproductive system are strongly deformed. In the area of ​​the channel appears scar tissue, which leads to increased deformation of the corpora cavernosa. During puberty, boys and during erection defects increase.

It's time to talk about the symptoms of the disease. The information provided will allow early detection of deviation from the norm and ask for help.

symptomatology of the disease

One of the most obvious and visually distinct signs of pathology described is a non-specific localization of ductless bladder. The disease adversely affects the emptying process.

Frequently in the anomalous development in the urethra narrowing observed that negatively affect the process emptying: the procedure requires a voltage transverse abdominal muscles, and the jet of biological fluid very weak.

Coronary hypospadias, scrotal, stem forms and other species may provoke the following defects:

• the absence of the corpus cavernosum;
• deviation member;
• genitals are underdeveloped;
• head is bifurcated and others.

The lower end of the urinary tract is separated, the more pronounced clinical picture described urological diseases.

methods of diagnosis

Baby put the diagnosis still in the maternity ward, neonatologist immediately after inspection. Young patients are closely monitored by pediatric endocrinologist, urologist and gynecologist. In severe cases, the doctor is extremely important to accurately determine the sex for the purpose of subsequent treatment.

In addition to the inspection team of doctors additionally assigns and other studies, since the pathology can be accompanied by such disorders as a testicular hydrocele, inguinal hernia and so on.

Additional survey methods include:

• ultrasound diagnosis of urogenital system;
• ureografiya, which is a study of the state of the urinary system;
• genetic tests.

The doctor may prescribe investigations in the case, if it is suspected related ailments. They are as follows:

• nedoopuschenie testicle;
• irregularities in the kidney;
• inguinal hernia.

In some cases, the disease is a symptom of a more severe developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system. Sick babies in infancy sometimes require surgical sex reassignment. An unsuitable method of treatment can have a negative impact on the rest of the boy's life.

treatment of hypospadias

Completely eliminate the disease can only be surgically. Operation, it is desirable to carry out in the age range from six months to two years.

Adjustments carried out in childhood, will allow the cavernous bodies in the future to have a normal development.

If you do not ask for help in a timely manner, the subsequent structure of the anomaly of the penis exacerbated intimate life, and difficult urination.

Pediatric surgeon has the following objectives:

• meata hold plastic deformation so that the hole diameter is sufficient;
• eliminate deviation units penile erectile tissue of the barrel;
• correctly position the opening of the urethra;
• minimize the degree of cosmetic defect.

The reconstructing step comprises the following steps.

• Creating a direct dildo.
• Correction of the end section of the urinary tract.
• Plastic end of the penis and the opening meata.

During the baby correction undergo general anesthesia. Upon completion of the work of the surgeon, a member regains its normal appearance, reminiscent of the reproductive organ after circumcision.

With the consent of the parents doctor may perform preputsioplastiku. After operation of hypospadias patients cannulated.

Catheters is silicone tube through which biological fluid is discharged for one week.

After the therapy, the doctors observed kids before puberty. Successful operation has no effect on reproductive function.

It is known that one of the most dangerous complications of the disease is described by the development of infertility and the extinction of sexual function.

Preparation AC Prostatilen assigned men with prostate diseases, as well as anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug.

The drug enhances testosterone levels and increased number of active gametes. Rectal suppositories improve reproductive function.

Upon learning of the basic forms of hypospadias in children, should be more attentive to the process of disease prevention.

Rehabilitation

It is extremely important to prevent the development of psychological complexes patient.

The most urgent this problem in adolescence, it is in this period of sexual problems occupy almost the most important place. With children who have undergone genital mutilation correction psychologists.

They should properly convey to the young men about the importance of surgical intervention and the need to wear a urethral catheter.

Prescribed by a doctor to be carried out antibiotic prophylaxis aimed at preventing the development of secondary infection. Patients following intravenous and intravesically administered drugs: furomag, furatsillin or chlorhexidine. That these drugs have a negative effect on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Features of the postoperative period

Patients do not need to diet. Menu shall consist of a variety of foods rich in a sufficient amount of fats, proteins and carbohydrates. It is useful to include fruits, vegetables and berries are rich in many beneficial micronutrients.

If the operation was carried out little patient, parents should carefully monitor so that pipsqueak not pulled a urinary catheter. Baby diapers should be changed every one and a half to two hours. After discharge from the hospital, a boy able to watch a surgeon in the next two years, as it was complications may occur during this period.

If the operation is performed in adulthood, men should refrain from sexual relations. To prevent sudden erection, physicians prescribe drugs to patients sedated, in part of which contains bromine.

complications of the disease

One of the most common is the appearance of dermatitis and severe irritation of the skin arising from contact with their urine.

First, on the boy's body hyperemia urethra appears, and only later can be observed ulcer-necrotic inflammation with formation of purulent exudate.

To prevent the development of infection to patients to do primary surgical treatment of the affected areas. When her conduct changed tissue removed and superimposed special antiseptic dressing.

Consequences of hypospadias may be psychological in nature. They lie in the fact that in severe forms of the disease in young men act of urination difficult. Biological fluid constantly gets not only the skin but also on clothing.

Because of the bad smell, people feel very insecure, being in the team. This, in turn, often leads to depressed mood and psychosis. Known cases where the urinary duct anomalies led to suicide.

Such situations are observed in dysfunctional families where boys learn about their defect only in adulthood.

prevention

Any disease is easier to prevent than to treat. In the case of an abnormal position of the end section of the urinary tract, preventive measures, first of all, to touch a woman in the position.

Pregnancy is best to plan ahead. The girl should be screened for the presence of infections that can cause birth defects.

Future mother should completely abandon the contact with various kinds of chemical products: paints, hair sprays, detergents and others.

If this is not possible, then while working with the substances must be worn on the hands of rubber gloves. During pregnancy, the woman should completely give up all bad habits.

Summing up

From the materials of the article, you learned that a hypospadias penis.

Urologic pathology is accompanied by not only the aesthetic and psychological disadvantage, but also the development of infertility in the future.

Thanks to modern methods of treatment, surgery is successful, but complications occur in 1-1.5% of cases. The following is an informative video about the disease:

A source: http://xn--90agcboqvgr.net/article/gipospadiya-tipy-i-lechenie/

Hypospadias in boys: causes, types and need to be corrected

Hypospadias - is an anomaly of the penis at which the urethra opening is arranged anomalously.

Causes of hypospadias

A major role in the occurrence of the anomaly play genetic, hormonal and environmental factors, have an adverse effect during the development of the external genitalia (12-20 weeks pregnancy).

The exact cause of today is not installed. Over the past decade, cases of hypospadias has increased and is about 1% of newborns. Hypospadias is found not only in boys but also in girls, although rarely.

Studies necessary for diagnosis - hypospadias

Generally diagnosis is made during a physical examination of the newborn, and for planning further treatment is no need for additional studies.

If hypospadias with a boy diagnosed undescended testicles, it is recommended to carry out a blood test for the detection of endocrine disorders.

Little boy with hypospadias is not recommended circumcision, the foreskin may be required for the operation of penile correction.

Problems arise when hypospadias

Male sex organ has two functions: urethral and genital. If hypospadias remains not corrected the boy may have problems with both functions.

When hypospadias urethra grows much faster than the penis itself because of what is happening and its curvature. Foreskin is formed in the form of a hood which is very noticeable in appearance.

Urinary canal may be located not only on the penis, but also to the scrotum or in the perineum. Depending on the location of the urethra may encounter difficulty urinating standing up.

If you do not take timely measures for hypospadias correction, it can have a significant influence on the formation of personality boy. With timely correction of hypospadias, no problems will arise in the future.

types of hypospadias

There are several types of hypospadias.

• Hypospadias stem - is a form of the disease, in which the urethral opening is located in the middle part of the penis.
• Hypospadias capitatum - it is characterized by the location of the opening of the urethra slightly below the glans. Doctors often treat it as a norm. Therefore there is no need to conduct operations.
• Okologolovchataya hypospadias - the urethra characterized by an arrangement in place of the neck of the glans penis.
• Perineal hypospadias. With the development of this type of hypospadias observed splitting of the scrotum and penis curvature and reduction in size.
• MEMBERS moshonachnaya hypospadias - is characterized by the underdevelopment of the penis. Opening of the urethra is on the site boundaries of the scrotum and penis.

About 70% of hypospadias accounted for capitate and okologolovchatuyu form.

Do I need surgery for hypospadias?

Virtually all cases of hypospadias require surgery, otherwise the boy will not become a man. Children urologists recommend to conduct the operation to achieve the correction of a boy 6 months to 2 years.

At this time the child as much as possible better tolerate stress, does not remember that he had the operation. If the operation is successful, the child may not know that he had such an anomaly.

To restore the penis there are over 200 techniques. The surgeon must find exactly the method that is appropriate to the patient. In recent years, techniques have improved considerably.

The operation is performed under general anesthesia. Within 1-3 hours depending on the severity of hypospadias.

When capitate, okologolovchatoy and stem form hypospadias operations are performed in one step. In other types of the disease transactions carried out in several stages.

During operation the urethra is formed, that would be adequate diameter hole opened at the tip of the glans penis. Liquidated curvature of the penis and attached to a normal appearance, as if the child held circular circumcision.

Held plastic penis. Corrected by the scrotum damage. After discharge from the hospital, the child immediately returned to normal life and can attend child care centers.

Hypospadias timely removal of 95% of a positive result. The sooner an operation, the less complications. With age, the young people will forget about this disease as hypospadias and will lead a full life.

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A source: https://razvitie-rebenka24.ru/zdorove-rebenka/gipospadiya-u-malchikov.html