Dental implants: how they are put, the stages of prosthetics

The dental office in most patients still causes a stiff fear.Most of all rumors, doubts and fears are associated with the installation of orthopedic structures and "new" teeth.Many believe that this is an incredibly long and painful procedure.By no means: modern preparations for local anesthesia act quickly and reliably, and the implantation takes from a couple of weeks to several months.And rumors and warnings are related only to the fact that people do not have the slightest idea about how to insert dental implants.

Preliminary actions

In the vast majority of cases, an experienced physician does not need to refer a patient to highly specialized additional examinations.

The visual condition will tell you about the condition of the oral cavity, and information about the diseases and interventions can be learned from an anamnesis.
The installation of dental implants must necessarily be preceded by the procedure of sanitation of the oral cavity.

This is necessary for the elimination of the conditionally pathogenic sphere, which during surgery can get into the hole and provoke inflammation.

When it is necessary to perform implantation of teeth

The optimal moment for intervention is immediately after the old tooth has been eliminated.This is because the prolonged absence of even one tooth leads to a shift in the whole series.At the same time, the load on "neighbors" increases, which obviously does not contribute to the health of the remaining chewing gadgets.In addition, recent research confirms that wrinkles on the skin in the area of ​​the lost tooth appear twice as fast.
However, not everything is so simple .Although many types of implants allow for installation in the shortest possible time, they are not suitable for all.Selection of materials and a certain design depends on the features of the anatomical structure of the jaw, the state of bone tissue.The level of health also directly influences the choice: if caries formations, infectious lesions and other pathologies are found in the oral cavity, implantation can not be performed;You must first resolve the problems until they are completely cured.

Stages of the

implant installation process So, the decision was made, the results of the examinations were given by " ", dental implants were selected.How do they put them?
All manipulations can be divided into groups, and then the scheme will look like this:

• definition of contraindications and evaluation of the patient's health;
• preoperative preparatory measures;
• surgical intervention( it is at this stage insert the implant of the tooth, as the basis of the entire design);
• abutment fixation;
• orthopedics - manufacturing and placing of a crown.

Now more about how to do the implantation of the teeth and what to expect the patient.

Stage 1 health assessment

The doctor examines the oral cavity, determines possible complications after the intervention, identifies possible contraindications to the procedure in general or to specific types of implants.
At this stage, the specialists pay special attention not only to the oral cavity, but also to all body systems of , as some diseases are a direct prohibition on carrying out the operation.The examination includes:

• general blood and urine tests;
• blood biochemistry;
• study for sugar;
• taking biomaterial for detection of AIDS, HIV infection, hepatitis;
• radiograph of the jaw.

The results of the study determine whether implantation is indicated to the patient or if there are strong contraindications to the intervention.

Stage 2 preparatory activities

If there are no prohibitions on the installation of dental implants, physicians start pre-manipulation before the operation.They consist in revealing and liquidation of stomatological pathologies, in particular, carious formations, diseases of gums.Old crowns are removed, replacing them with new, carry out the necessary therapy.
Also at this stage, detailed studies of the jaw using 3D tomography and orthopantomography - panoramic survey.

This is necessary for the probable detection of diseases and pathologies that can not be seen on inspection.First of all, we are talking about cystic formations and granulomas.In addition, the doctor estimates the size of the bone tissue, receives data on the features of the jaw structure, which allows you to plan the upcoming operation to the smallest detail.

Stage 3 surgical procedures

It is this step of the whole action that worries the patients who decided to install a tooth implant.How is this done, is it painful, is it worth it to communicate at all?

The answer to all burning questions can be the fact that the level of medicine has grown significantly both in terms of effective and safe painkillers, and with regard to professional equipment.In place of antediluvian materials, innovative developments have come, and anesthetic preparations have an almost instantaneous effect.

As a result, the soreness and risk of complications are minimized.

As the bone tissue becomes thinner with age, it becomes loose and porous, it is possible to perform a closed or open sine lifting.This procedure can take up to several hours, and the result is an increase in the gingival bone both in height and width, which is necessary for reliable fixation of the implant.

But the period of habituation of new tissues can take up to three months and even more.
There is also a method that allows the insertion of structures into the jaw without first building up bone structures.Although this method is ten years old, it is already quite in demand.Special materials and equipment allow inserting teeth implantants( photo above) to the minimum bone mass of even in the absence of all other teeth.In this case, blood circulation in the gum does not play a role, the time of implantation is significantly reduced, and the cost of the procedure is much lower, as the costs for materials and equipment are reduced.
If sinus lifting is not required or the inserted material has already fully taken root, proceed directly to the installation of dental implants:

1. First, access to the bone is provided.Based on the implant variant, the doctor makes a gum incision or soft tissue puncture.
2. A small groove is then drilled in the bone structures with a well-defined diameter, into which the structure is inserted.
3. After implantation of the implant, a special plug is fixed on its apex.
4. The cut is stitched.Puncture, as a rule, overgrows on its own.

The installation process is limited to a maximum of a couple of hours, but implant implantation may take 3-5 months.Although some techniques involve the introduction of the entire design in just 3-4 days.

Stage 4 implantation of the abutment

The abutment is a special screw member that is fixed onto the implant and is responsible for fixing the future prosthesis.Although the very manipulation of the installation of this device lasts only a couple of minutes, the procedure can take longer, since the size and angle of inclination must correspond to the jaw of the particular patient.

This is why several variants of the abutment are usually prepared.Implants were also produced, including the already connected element.

Stage 5 orthopedics

At this stage, dentures are made for implantation of teeth.How does this happen?With the help of special formulations, a mold of both the patient's jaws is made, along which the tooth crown or bridge is made.At the same time, the shade of the future prosthesis is selected.The artificial design can be either removable or permanent.

Along with the removal / manufacture of the impression, the procedure of prosthetics approximately lasts 2-3 hours, and immediately after the end of manipulation a person can fully use new chewing devices in full.

For artificial teeth to last as long as possible and do not provoke unwanted phenomena, it is necessary to follow exactly the advice and recommendations of the implantologist on care and diet, and also to take preventive examinations on time and regularly.

Implantation options

Modern implantology involves several options for implanting artificial orthopedic structures, of which the patient chooses the most suitable option together with the doctor.Through these methods, specialists install dental implants with the help of full-fledged operating procedures and without surgical intervention per se:

1. The classic version is the most studied and tested.In general it takes about a year.It presupposes the installation of basal dental implants - titanium elements with the tip in the form of the letter T.
2. Single-stage and two-stage method.The first option, express implantation, is limited by the time of the whole week, however, for carrying out such a procedure it is necessary to fulfill many conditions, the main of which is the presence of a sufficient amount of bone tissue.The second option is longer, because it takes some time to implant the structure.
3. Implantation without sinus lifting is one of the newest technologies in orthopedic dentistry.It is carried out quickly, has a lot of advantages, but the cost is still prohibitive.
4. Option without surgery.Non-surgical technique involves the installation of implants through a special well.However, this method, alas, is not suitable for everyone.
5. Laser implantation.It is becoming more popular every day, because it is faster than the classical method, it is not accompanied by bleeding and protects the patient from possible infection.

In addition to these methods, there are also several options( mini-implantation, submucous implantation, etc.), the possibility and necessity of which is decided only by the doctor.
Knowing how to put dental implants, go to the dentist is not so scary.