Medical preparations for the treatment of hypertension
Today, for the treatment of hypertension, there is a large number of various antihypertensive drugs. Medical preparations for the treatment of hypertension can be divided into four main groups.
- Sedative drugs( affect the central nervous system) - apressin, drugs rauwolfia and periwinkle, magnesium sulfate.
- Drugs affecting the sympathetic ganglion area - for example, pentamine.
- Antiadrenergic drugs - dopegit, reserpine, isobarine, redergam, inderal, tracicore, obziran, anaprilin.
- Spasmolytic drugs( dibasol), aldosterone antagonists( veroshpiron, aldactone) and saluretics( hygroton, hypothiazide, brinaldix).
Sedative preparations
For the treatment of hypertension, the most widely used sedatives are medications, among which the main practical importance is the alkaloids rauwolfia snake. According to their pharmacological action they are referred to the group of neuroleptics. Among medicinal preparations of rauvolphia serpentine, reserpine and raunatin are most often used. Their main pharmacological properties are hypotensive, sedative and vagotropic action.
No less effective are vinca preparations. The main active principle of the periwinkle is the alkaloid vincamine, similar in chemical structure to reserpine. Alkaloid vincamine has a more pronounced sedative effect, but it is less significant hypotensive. The following medicines are used: winkappan, vinkaton and devincan. They contribute to improving the blood circulation of the brain and slowing the pulse, have a sedative effect. These drugs are especially shown in the initial stages of hypertension, which proceeds according to the cerebral variant. Side effects during their use are usually not observed.
Magnesium sulfate has antihypertensive and diuretic effect, reduces swelling of tissues.
The group of sedatives also includes apressin, recommended for various forms of hypertension, including malignant, with hypertension during toxemia of pregnant women.
Ganglion blockers
Ganglia-blockers, in particular pentamine, are not widely used today due to the availability of more effective drugs, the risk of side effects and the possibility of addiction. But in a number of cases, in connection with the inefficiency or intolerance of other modern medicines, ganglion blockers are sometimes only effective in hypertension.
Antiadrenergics
The use of dopegit promotes a uniform and significant reduction in the level of pressure without the threat of collapse, which is very important when used in outpatient settings.
Isobarine is one of the most effective drugs in the treatment of hypertension. But with its use, it is worth remembering about possible side effects: bradycardia, dyspeptic phenomena, a violation of potency, swelling, adynamia, orthostatic hypotension.
Redergham is currently used rarely due to inefficiency and side effects.
Of particular importance are beta-blockers( anaprilin, tracicore), which are used along with sedatives.
Spasmolytic drugs
The antispasmodic dibazol is indicated for hypertensive crises and is an indispensable drug, as its use is not accompanied by side effects( only in some cases it may cause headaches).
Other antispasmodics for the treatment of hypertension do not have a significant hypotensive effect.
Saluretics
Saluretics( hygroton, hypothiazide, brinaldix) play a special role as additional drugs for the treatment of hypertension, they promote the release of sodium in the urine.
Antagonists of aldosterone
Because of secondary hyperaldosteronism in hypertension, veroshpiron, aldactone is prescribed.
